English 1 – Revision (1st Part)

Groups 11 -12

1. Types of Clauses & Sentences: Chapter 10 p. 162

An Independent Clause A Dependent Clause

• It has a subject, verb, and complete • It has a subject and a verb, yet it does
thought. not have a complete thought.
• It can stand alone: • It cannot stand alone.
The sun is shining. *Because he was ill.
• It is an error unless preceded or
followed by an independent clause.
Because he was ill, he did not go to
school.

• It begins with subordinators.

• It forms simple and compound • It forms complex and compound-

sentences. complex sentences.

Practice

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 2. Types of sentences

Simple Sentences Compound Sentences

• One independent clause • Two independent clauses joined together
by a coordinator (FANBOYS), a semicolon
(;), or a conjunctive adverb after the
semicolon.
Formula: Formula: There are three ways to join the clauses:
1. S V SV+SV
2. S S V 1. Independent clause, + coordinator +
3. S V V independent clause
2. Independent clause; + conjunctive adverb, +
4. S S V V
independent clause
3. Independent clause; + independent clause
Examples: There are three ways to join the clauses:

Punctuation notes:
• Put a comma before the coordinator.

• Put a semicolon before and a comma after

the conjunctive adverb.

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Conjunctive Adverbs p. 169:

To add a To add an To add a To add an To add an To add an

similar idea unexpected contrasting alternative expected example
idea idea possibility result

on the other Otherwise for example,

hand for instance,
In contrast

Practice
Place a semicolon between the two independent clauses in the following compound sentences.
1. The practice of yoga strengthens the body and promotes flexibility it also strengthens
the mind and refreshes the soul.
2. Motherhood causes some women to quit their jobs others continue working despite
having young children to care for.
3. Three hundred guests attended his wedding two attended his funeral.

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 Complex Sentences Compound-complex Sentences

It contains one independent clause and one (or It contains not less than three clauses, two of
more) dependent clause(s). which are independent. Just be sure that there is
at least one independent clause.

• Complex Sentences with Adverb Clauses

• Complex Sentences with Adjective Punctuate the compound part like a compound
Clauses sentence:
(who, whom, which, that, whose, where & when) • Use a semicolon/comma combination
(sentence 1),
• or put a comma before a coordinator
joining two independent clauses
(sentences 2, 3, and 4).

Punctuate the complex part like a complex

sentence:
• With adverb clauses, put a comma after a
dependent adverb clause (sentence 2)
• but not before it (sentence 3).
• With noun clauses (sentence 4), use no
commas.

• Complex Sentences with Noun Clauses

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Practice

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 Sentence Problems

Sentence Fragments Choppy Sentences Stringy Sentences Run-on Sentences Comma Splice

Incomplete sentences Too Short Too Long Two or more two independent
or parts of sentences independent clause with clauses are
no punctuation marks to incorrectly joined by
link them. a comma without a
coordinating
conjunction.
Example: Example:
1. No Verb: *My family went to *My family went to
Mona is a student. She Many students attend Australia then they Australia, then they
*It raining heavily is in Sadat Academy. classes all morning, emigrated to Canada. emigrated to
now. She is studying and then they work all Canada.
marketing. She is afternoon, and they
• Add the verb. studying also have to study at
communication skills. night, so they are
usually exhausted by
the weekend.
Correction: Correction: Correction: Correction:
2. No Subject: Add a period: Add a period:
Just combine two or To correct a stringy 1. My family went to 1.My family went to
*Is coming early today. three short sentences sentence, divide it and Australia. Then they Australia. Then they
to make one compound recombine the emigrated to emigrated to
• Add a subject. or complex sentence. clauses, remembering Canada. Canada.
_______________ to subordinate when
appropriate. Add a semicolon: Add a semicolon:
3- No 2. My family went to 2.My family went to
Independent Australia; then they Australia; then they
Clause: emigrated to emigrated to
Canada. Canada.
*Because it was very Add a coordinator: Add a coordinator:
hot yesterday. 3. My family went to 3.My family went to
Australia, and then Australia, and then
• Remove the they emigrated to they emigrated to
subordinator Canada. Canada.
and start with Add a subordinator: Add a subordinator:
a capital 4. My family went to 4.My family went to
letter. Australia before Australia before
• Add a second, they emigrated to they emigrated to
independent Canada. Canada.
clause. 5. After my family 5.After my family
went to Australia, went to Australia,
they emigrated to they emigrated to
Canada Canada

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Practice

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Paragraph Writing

Chapter One

Examples of topic sentences:

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Assignment

1- Answer pages 7 & 8 Exercise B in the book.

2- Write one complete paragraph on “The Dangers of Smoking” (Topic sentence – Five
supporting sentences – One concluding sentence.)

Add linking words: (First, … Next, … Moreover, …. Therefore, … However, … Finally, ….)

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