Types of

Sentence
Let's start
 Learning
Objective
As we all know a sentence must contain a subject and
a verb. The plain existence of a subject and a
verb in a sentence isn’t enough to fuel a message.
Using varying kinds of sentences makes your
writing – and speaking – more intelligent and
compelling.
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WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
A sentence is a group of
words giving a complete
thought. A sentence must
contain atsubject and a
predicate.
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ClAUSES
A clause is a structure that has a subject
and a verb. There are two types of
clauses, dependent and independent
clause.
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a. Independent Clause/ Main

alone as a sntence. Example:clause
An independent clause is a clause that can stand

Lisa reads.
(this is a sentence, expresses a complete thought, contains a subject
and a verb.)

Your friend Niki loves me.

(this is also a main clause, a complete sentence, expresses a complete
thought.)
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b. Dependent Clause
(subordinate clause)
A dependent clauses (or subordinate clause) is one that cannot
stand alone as a complete sentence. Meaning, one dependent
clause doesn’t make sense as a sentence.

Danny ate pasta because he was hungry.

(This is the main clause.) (This is a subordinate clause.)

Reo plays soccer as he enjoys it.

(This is the main clause.) (This is a subordinate clause.)
 There are 4 types of
sentence:
01. Simple 03. Complex

02. 04.
Compound Compound-
complex
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0
1 Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains a subject
and a verb, has only one
independent clause and no
subordinate clauses.
One independent/main clause is a simple sentence. A
simple sentence does not need a conjunction.

The girl is holding an ice cream.

subject verb object

Tom reads a novel.

subject verb object
 More examples of simple sentences
• No one will come after me.

• He’s always playing games.

• It wasn’t me who knocked on your door.

• You are very lazy.

• Panda is not telling the truth

• We are a threat to them.

• I want to do something.
 COMPOUND
SUBJECT
A compound subject is a subject made up of two or more
simple subjects that are joined by a coordinating conjunction
(such as and or or) and that have the same predicate.

Rocket and Groot are having a party.

Compound subject: Rocket; Groot.
 COMPOUND
VERB
A sentence can contain two or more verbs, but is still
considered as one simple sentence (not a compound sentence).

Honey was singing and dancing.

Compound subject: Singing; Dancing.
 A sentence can contain both
compound subject and verb.
The kitten is running and looking for food.
1. Compound verb: running; looking

Nagi’s shoes and ankles are covered in mud.

2. Compound subject: shoes; ankles

Music and movies make the world a better place and give us a reason to live.
3. Compound subject: music; movies
4. Compound verb: make; give
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02
Compound
Sentence
A compound sentence has two or more
independent clauses and no subordinate
clauses.
The independent clauses in a compound sentence are joined by coordinating
conjunctions. Remember to use a comma before a coordinating conjunction
that connects two independent clauses.
 Examples
His house was huge, but it was dirty
main clause main clause
conjunction

Andy trained for many months, so he won the race easily.

independent clause independent clause
conjunction
 Colons (:), semicolons(;), and dashes (-) also connect
independent clauses

● She was here: I read her note.

● He was handsome; his personality was good too.

● We apologize for being late – there was an accident on

the road.
 Joining independent clauses
1. She was innocent.
2. She has appealed to the court.
Compound sentence: She has appealed to the court, for she was innocent.

3. Anya is a very lovely girl.

4. Many people like her.
Compound sentence: Anya is a very lovely girl, and many people like her.

5. I don’t expect the children to be rude.

6. I expect to be disobeyed.
Compound sentence: I don’t expect the children to be rude, nor do I expect to be disobeyed.
 Joining independent clauses
1. Oliver will pick you up.
2. We will book a cab for you.
Compound sentence: Oliver will pick you up, or we will book a cab for you.

3. Ted was a cold blooded murderer.

4. Many people admired him.
Compound sentence: Ted was a cold blooded murderer, yet many people admired him.

5. He is a manipulative man.
6. She fell for his sweet lies every time.
Compound sentence: He is a manipulative man, so she fell for his sweet lies every time.
Another way to connect independent clauses
are to use conjunctive adverbs.

When a conjunctive adverb connects two independent

clauses in one sentence, it is preceded by a semicolon and
followed by a comma.

Independent clause; [conjunctive adverb], independent clause.

 Examples
You're my friend; nonetheless, I feel like you're taking advantage of me.

independent Independent
clause clause
semicolon comma

Conjunctive adverb
 Examples
● Jeremy kept talking in class; therefore, he got in trouble.

● You need to put more effort into your work; otherwise, you won’t get a passing
grade.

● Jared is a millionaire; in contrast, his brother Jeremy is always flat broke.

● We can prevent the spread of disease; for instance, we can wash our hands after
using the restroom.
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03
Complex
Sentence
A complex sentence has one
independent clause and one or more
subordinate clauses.
 Main clause

We won’t go cycling

We won’t go cycling if it rains.

Subordinate clause

If it rains
The independent clause and the subordinating clause(s) in a complex sentence
is joined by a subordinating conjunctions. Below is the most commonly
used subordinating conjunctions.
 I haven’t met him since graduation.

main clause Subordinate clause

Subordinate conjunction

Since graduation, I haven’t met him.

Subordinate Subordinate clause + comma Independent clause

conjunction
 Joining independent & subordinate clauses
Maybe they grew apart after living in different worlds that changed who they
were.
1. Independent clause: Maybe they grew apart
2. Two dependent clauses: after living in different worlds; that changed who they
were.

While I am a passionate basketball fan, I prefer football.

3. Independent clause: I prefer football
4. Subordinate clause: While I am a passionate basketball fan

Yuki called his mother whenever he’s lonely.

5. Independent clause: Yuki called his mother
6. Subordinate clause: whenever he’s lonely
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Compound-Complex
Sentence
A compound-complex sentence has two
independent clauses and at least one
subordinate clauses.
 Compound-complex sentence is a mixture of
compound and complex sentence.

We use coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) to connect

the independent clauses in a compound complex sentence.

Subordinate conjunctions are used to connect the dependent

clauses.
 We told her to wait in the car while we buy food, but
she was gone when we came back.

The words underlined are the independent clauses, and the bold words are
the subordinate clauses. As you can see the second main clause is
connected by a coordinating conjunction and the subordinate clauses are
connected with subordinating conjunction.
 examples
After a long time, I still don’t understand her reason for leaving, but I guess it’s for
the best.
1. Independent clause: I still don’t understand her reason for leaving; I guess it’s
for the best
2. Dependent clause: after a long time

When I got home, nobody was there, so I called Mom who’s at work.
3. Independent clause: nobody was there; so I called Mom
4. Dependent clause: when I got home; who’s at work

Because of the pandemic, she was laid off, but she found a new job after a month,
and she’s launching a new business that’s located near our house.
5. Independent clause: she was laid off; she found a new job; she’s launching a new
business
6. Dependent clause: because of the pandemic; after a month; that’s located near
our house.
 Vocabularies!
1. Appealed: mengajukan banding 6. Preceed: mendahului

2. Court: pengadilan 7. Disease: penyakit

3. Innocent: tidak bersalah 8. Passionate: penuh semangat

4. Disobeyed: tidak patuh 9. Laid off: diberhentikan

5. Cab: taksi 10. Launching: meluncurkan

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Q & A Session
1. In a complex sentence, is it better to put the independent
or dependent clause first? (Kayla)

2. Can we change a complex sentence into a compound

sentence ? (Olive)

3. How to know if a sentence is complex or compound ?

(Andes)`