Table 5.

Degree of unsaturation of various lipid examples

Samples Number of drops of Br/CCL

Pork lipid 5
Peanut lipid 8
Lecithin 10

EXPLORATORY QUESTION/S;

5. Compare the amount of bromine in ccl, used for each sample? what conclusion can you make based
on the number of drops of bromine in ccl, used for each oil what is the principle involved to this test?

The degree of unsaturation of a compound can be determined by slowly adding bromine solution. The
experiment revealed that the bromine solution has this reddish-orange hue. When it is placed into a lipid
sample and quickly decolorizes, it indicates that the lipid is unsaturated; however, if the bromine colour
is still there, the lipid is saturated.

Therefore, the greater the amount of bromine solution needed for it to stay in a lipid solution, the more
unsaturated that lipid sample is.

Table 6. Presence of phosphate in lipid examples

Samples Reaction with Ammonium molybdate

Pork lipid Slight purple color appeared to the solution
Peanut lipid Purple color appeared to the solution
Lecithin Purple color appeared to the solution

EXPLORATORY QUESTION/S;

6. Which of the samples tested contain phosphate? Explain why the sample tested positive (if there’s
any) for phosphate?

Using a molybdate test, we can detect the presence of phosphate in the lipid by the appearance of the
purple color.

Lecithin and peanut both tested positive for phosphate during the experiment, as seen by the change in
color to purple. However, the pork lipid sample likewise had a slight purple appearance. This is because
lecithin and peanut lipid include substantial amounts of phospholipid (containing a phosphate group in
its molecule), whereas pork lipid only comprises a small percentage.

7. Among the tested samples, which is negative (if there’s any) for phosphate? Explain why the sample
tested negative for phosphate?
Table 6. Presence of cholesterol in lipid samples.

Samples Reaction with Acetic anhydride

Pork lipid Gradually, the solution's colour changes. It starts out pink
before transitioning to lilac and eventually deep green.
Peanut lipid In terms of color change, it does not react with acetic
anhydride.

EXPLORATORY QUESTION/S;

8. Which of the samples tested contains cholesterol? Explain why the sample tested positive (if there’s
any) for cholesterol? Pork lipid contains cholesterol because it is high in saturated fat.

9. Between the tested samples, which is negative (if there’s any) for cholesterol? Explain why is the
sample tested negative for cholesterol? Peanut lipid is negative for cholesterol. Peanut include healthy
oils, protein and fiber that can help reduce cholesterol.

Reaction with potassium bisulphate ;

Observation;

10. To what substance is the odor due when oil is heated with potassium bisulfate? What is the
reaction involved in this test?

In the Acrolein reaction test, glycerol-containing lipids are heated in the presence of potassium hydrogen
sulfate, whereby the glycerol is dehydrated and turns into the smelly acrolein. The minor blackening of the
reaction mixture indicates that more heating causes acrolein to polymerize. The strong smell and the dark
hue both point to the existence of glycerol, and therefore of fat and/or lecithin. Cholesterol gives a negative
acrolein test.

Reference: https://www.uobabylon.edu.iq/eprints/publication_1_8265_904.pdf