Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. 23 & 24 of IS 456 : 2000, Appendix D which is
based on the following formulae:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

Where,
Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units.

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4

Type of Frame Sway

Far End Ku = 0.67 I/L
End Cond. of Column @ B Rigid Fixed
Upper Column

L= 2.55 m
E= 25 kN/mm2
I= 0.0108 m4
Ku

Far End Top Beam, KTL Top Beam, KTR Far End
Fixed L E I A L E I Fixed

KTL = 0.67 I/L m kN/mm2 m4 m kN/mm2 m4 KTR = 0.67 I/L

L= m
K = 1.0 I/L E= kN/mm2
I= m4

Far End Bottom Beam, KBL B Bottom Beam, KBR Far End
Fixed L E I L E I Fixed

KBL = 0.67 I/L m kN/mm2 m4 m kN/mm2 m4 KBR = 0.67 I/L

Lower Column

L= m
KL E= kN/mm2
I= m4

Far End
Fixed KL = 0.67 I/L

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A At Bottom Joint - B
Ku = 0.00284 KTL = #DIV/0! KL = #DIV/0! KBL = #DIV/0!
K= #DIV/0! KTR = #DIV/0! K= #DIV/0! KBR = #DIV/0!
∑ Kc = #DIV/0! ∑ Kb = #DIV/0! ∑ Kc = #DIV/0! ∑ Kb = #DIV/0!

β1 = ∑ Kc = #DIV/0! β2 = ∑ Kc = #DIV/0!
∑ Kc + ∑ Kb #DIV/0! ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb #DIV/0!

β1 = #DIV/0! β2 = #DIV/0!

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = #DIV/0!
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Y Axis (Ky):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID K TO P
Upto EL 107.25 L= m
Ku Iz = m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 4.5 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.00033 m4

L= 5.2 m
K Iz = 0.00092 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.00018
K= 0.00018 KTR = 0.00011 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.00018 + 0.00011
∑ Kc = 0.00018 ∑ Kb = 0.00011
β1 = 0.62

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.00018
K= 0.00018 KBR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.00018 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.00018 ∑ Kb = 0
β2 = 1.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 2.81
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Y Axis (Ky):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID 6 & 12 (except 11 12 OF GRID F)

Upto EL -113.5 L= 2.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.0002 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0 m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4

L= 6.4 m
K Iz = 0.12201 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 10.125 m
Iz = 0.12201 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.00008 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.01914
K= 0.01906 KTR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01914 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.01914 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β1 = 0.83

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.01205 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.03111
K= 0.01906 KBR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.03111 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.03111 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β2 = 0.89

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 2.91
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Y Axis (Ky):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID F-11 & F-12

Upto EL -113 L= 2.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.0001 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4

L= 6.4 m
K Iz = 0.12201 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 10.125 m
Iz = 0.12201 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.00004 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.0191
K= 0.01906 KTR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.0191 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.0191 ∑ Kb = 0
β1 = 1.00

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.01205 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.03111
K= 0.01906 KBR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.03111 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.03111 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β2 = 0.89

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 4.84
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Y Axis (Ky):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID G-8 & G-9

Upto EL -113 L= 2.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.0001 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4

L= 0.4 m
K Iz = 0.12201 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 6 m
Iz = 0.12201 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.00004 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.30506
K= 0.30502 KTR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.30506 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.30506 ∑ Kb = 0
β1 = 1.00

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.02033 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.32536
K= 0.30502 KBR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.32536 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.32536 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β2 = 0.99

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 15.54
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Y Axis (Ky):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column
Column: GRID 6 & 12 (except 11 12 OF GRID F)
Upto EL -113.5 L= 2.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.0002 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0.021094 m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4

L= 6.4 m
K Iz = 0.12201 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 10.125 m
Iz = 0.12201 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.00008 KTL = 0.003955 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.01914
K= 0.01906 KTR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01914 + 0.00791
∑ Kc = 0.01914 ∑ Kb = 0.00791
β1 = 0.71

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.01205 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.03111
K= 0.01906 KBR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.03111 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.03111 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β2 = 0.89

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 2.47
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Y Axis (Ky):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID 7 to 11
Upto EL 107.25 L= 2.75 m
Ku Iz = 0.12201 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0.021094 m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4

L= 10.125 m
K Iz = 0.12201 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.04437 KTL = 0.003955 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.05642
K= 0.01205 KTR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.05642 + 0.00791
∑ Kc = 0.05642 ∑ Kb = 0.00791
β1 = 0.88

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.01205
K= 0.01205 KBR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01205 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.01205 ∑ Kb = 0
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.67
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Y Axis (Ky):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID 7 to 11
Upto EL -110 L= 3.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.12201 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4

L= 2.75 m
K Iz = 0.12201 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m L= 8 m
Iz = 0.021094 m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 10.125 m
Iz = 0.12201 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.03486 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.07923
K= 0.04437 KTR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.07923 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.07923 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β1 = 0.95

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.01205 KBL = 0.003955 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.05642
K= 0.04437 KBR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.05642 + 0.00791
∑ Kc = 0.05642 ∑ Kb = 0.00791
β2 = 0.88

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 3.77
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Y Axis (Ky):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID 7 to 11
Upto EL -113 L= 2.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.0001 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4

L= 3.5 m
K Iz = 0.12201 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 2.75 m
Iz = 0.12201 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.00004 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.0349
K= 0.03486 KTR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.0349 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.0349 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β1 = 0.90

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.04437 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.07923
K= 0.03486 KBR = 0.003955 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.07923 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.07923 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β2 = 0.95

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 4
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: Column: Grid-11 Upto EL -113.500

L= 2.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.00141 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 5 m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4

L= 2.5 m
K Iz = 0.122 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= 5 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.021094 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 3.5 m
Iz = 0.12201 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.00056 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.04936
K= 0.0488 KTR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.04936 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.04936 ∑ Kb = 0
β1 = 1.00

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.03486 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.08366
K= 0.0488 KBR = 0.006328 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.08366 + 0.00633
∑ Kc = 0.08366 ∑ Kb = 0.00633
β2 = 0.93

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 5.99
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID 7-11Upto EL 107.25

L= 2.75 m
Ku Iz = 0.08333 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4

L= 11.825 m
K Iz = 0.08333 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.0303 KTL = 0.001688 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.03735
K= 0.00705 KTR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.03735 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.03735 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β1 = 0.92

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.00705
K= 0.00705 KBR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.00705 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.00705 ∑ Kb = 0
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.76
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: Grid-7-11 Upto EL -110

L= 3.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.08333 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4

L= 2.75 m
K Iz = 0.08333 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 11.825 m
Iz = 0.08333 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.02381 KTL = 0.001688 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.05411
K= 0.0303 KTR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.05411 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.05411 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β1 = 0.94

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.00705 KBL = 0.001688 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.03735
K= 0.0303 KBR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.03735 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.03735 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.81
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: Grid-18 Upto EL -113

L= 7.3 m
Ku Iz = 0.00075 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4

L= 3.5 m
K Iz = 0.08333 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 2.75 m
Iz = 0.08333 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.0001 KTL = 0.001688 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.02391
K= 0.02381 KTR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.02391 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.02391 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β1 = 0.88

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.0303 KBL = 0.001688 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.05411
K= 0.02381 KBR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.05411 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.05411 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β2 = 0.94

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 3.65
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID 7-11Upto EL 107.25

L= 2.75 m
Ku Iz = 0.08333 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4

L= 11.825 m
K Iz = 0.08333 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.0303 KTL = 0.001688 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.03735
K= 0.00705 KTR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.03735 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.03735 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β1 = 0.92

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.00705
K= 0.00705 KBR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.00705 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.00705 ∑ Kb = 0
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.76
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: Grid-7-11 Upto EL -110

L= 3.5 m
Ku Iz = 0.08333 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4

L= 2.75 m
K Iz = 0.08333 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 11.825 m
Iz = 0.08333 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.02381 KTL = 0.001688 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.05411
K= 0.0303 KTR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.05411 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.05411 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β1 = 0.94

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.00705 KBL = 0.001688 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.03735
K= 0.0303 KBR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.03735 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.03735 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.81
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: Grid-18 Upto EL -113

L= 7.3 m
Ku Iz = 0.00075 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m A L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4

L= 3.5 m
K Iz = 0.08333 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= 8m L= 8 m
Iz = 0.009 m4 Iz = 0.009 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 2.75 m
Iz = 0.08333 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.0001 KTL = 0.001688 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.02391
K= 0.02381 KTR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.02391 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.02391 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β1 = 0.88

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.0303 KBL = 0.001688 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.05411
K= 0.02381 KBR = 0.001688 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.05411 + 0.00338
∑ Kc = 0.05411 ∑ Kb = 0.00338
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.67
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID H
Upto EL 107.50 L= 2.75 m
Ku Iz = 0.0546 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.0211 m4

L= 11.55 m
K Iz = 0.1011 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.01985 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.02861
K= 0.00875 KTR = 0.003956 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.02861 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.02861 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β1 = 0.88

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.00875
K= 0.00875 KBR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.00875 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.00875 ∑ Kb = 0
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.67
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Rigid
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: GRID H TO N1
Upto EL -110.000 L= m
Ku Iz = m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.0211 m4

L= 2.75 m
K Iz = 0.0546 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= 8 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.0211 m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.01985
K= 0.01985 KTR = 0.003956 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01985 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.01985 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β1 = 0.83

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.01985
K= 0.01985 KBR = 0.003956 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01985 + 0.00396
∑ Kc = 0.01985 ∑ Kb = 0.00396
β2 = 0.83

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 2.62
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Hinged
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column:
Upto EL -101.65 L= m
Ku Iz = m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 2 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.0056 m4

L= 1.65 m
K Iz = 0.0056 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.00339
K= 0.00339 KTR = 0.0042 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.00339 + 0.0042
∑ Kc = 0.00339 ∑ Kb = 0.0042
β1 = 0.45

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.00339
K= 0.00339 KBR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.00339 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.00339 ∑ Kb = 0
β2 = 1.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 2.44
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Hinged
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: ALONG GRID H

Upto EL 104.03 L= 2.92 m
Ku Iz = 0.02253 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 6.1 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.0582 m4

L= 3.955 m
K Iz = 0.04169 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.00772 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.01826
K= 0.01054 KTR = 0.014311 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01826 + 0.01431
∑ Kc = 0.01826 ∑ Kb = 0.01431
β1 = 0.56

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.01054
K= 0.01054 KBR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01054 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.01054 ∑ Kb = 0
β2 = 1.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 2.66
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: ALONG GRID H

Upto EL -106.95 L= 4.62 m
Ku Iz = 0.02253 m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 6.1 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.02731 m4

L= 2.92 m
K Iz = 0.02253 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= 6.1 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.0582 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 3.955 m
Iz = 0.04169 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0.00488 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.01259
K= 0.00772 KTR = 0.006716 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01259 + 0.00672
∑ Kc = 0.01259 ∑ Kb = 0.00672
β1 = 0.65

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.01054 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.01826
K= 0.00772 KBR = 0.014311 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01826 + 0.01431
∑ Kc = 0.01826 ∑ Kb = 0.01431
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.35
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Fixed
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: ALONG GRID H

Upto EL -111.57 L= m
Ku Iz = m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 6.1 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.02731 m4

L= 4.62 m
K Iz = 0.02253 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= 6.1 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.02731 m4
Lower Column

KL L= 2.92 m
Iz = 0.02253 m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.00488
K= 0.00488 KTR = 0.006716 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.00488 + 0.00672
∑ Kc = 0.00488 ∑ Kb = 0.00672
β1 = 0.42

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0.00772 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.01259
K= 0.00488 KBR = 0.006716 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01259 + 0.00672
∑ Kc = 0.01259 ∑ Kb = 0.00672
β2 = 0.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 1.17
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2
Calculation of Effective Length Factors for Columns in Local-Z Axis (Kz):

Basis:
Effective length factor for column-AB is determined using Fig. C-1 & C-2 of IS 800 : 1984, Appendix C which is
based on the following formulae furnished in IS 800 : 2007:

Non-Sway Frame: Sway Frame:

0.5
K= 1 + 0.145(β1+β2) - 0.265β1.β2 K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2
2 - 0.364(β1+β2) - 0.247β1.β2 1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2

β1, β2 = ∑Kc / (∑Kc + ∑Kb) Where,

Kc = Flexural stiffeness of Columns framing at a joint
Kb = Flexural stiffeness of Beams framing at a joint

Input:
1. Input values in all cells highlighted in Yellow.
2. These values can be directly obtained by double clicking the member in STAAD.
3. In case a beam or a column is absent at a joint keep the input cells blank.

All input in SI system of units. Type of Frame = Sway

Unit of length, L m
Unit of Elastic Modulus, E kN/mm2 End Condition of Column At 'B' = Hinged
Unit of Moment of Inertia, I m4
Upper Column

Column: ALONG GRID H

Upto EL -113.135 L= m
Ku Iz = m4

Top Beam, KTL = 1.5 I/L Top Beam, KTR = 1.5 I/L
L= m A L= 1.226 m
Iz = m4 Iz = 0.0174 m4

L= 1.65 m
K Iz = 0.0174 m4

Bottom Beam, KBL = 1.5 I/L B Bottom Beam, KBR = 1.5 I/L
L= m L= m
Iz = m4 Iz = m4
Lower Column

KL L= m
Iz = m4

Limited Substitute Frame

At Top Joint - A
Ku = 0 KTL = 0 β1 = ∑ Kc = 0.01055
K= 0.01055 KTR = 0.021289 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01055 + 0.02129
∑ Kc = 0.01055 ∑ Kb = 0.02129
β1 = 0.33

At Bottom Joint - B
KL = 0 KBL = 0 β2 = ∑ Kc = 0.01055
K= 0.01055 KBR = 0 ∑ Kc + ∑ Kb 0.01055 + 0
∑ Kc = 0.01055 ∑ Kb = 0
β2 = 1.00

Effective Length Factor

0.5
K= 1 - 0.2(β1+β2) - 0.12β1.β2 = 2.28
1 - 0.8(β1+β2) +0.6β1.β2