Groundwater Vulnerability Investigation with Modified

DRASTIC and Analytic Hierarchy Process Based on GIS:

Case Study in Samosir Groundwater Basin, Indonesia
Amsal Frans Harpenta Surbak , Muhamad Ridho Naufalwan

Introduction Geological Sumary

Nowadays, the increasing population gives a new paradigm in The North Sumatra Basin was formed in the Early Tertiary age and is part of the
regional development. The implication of it is the growing back-arc basin of the Sunda Shelf which was formed due to the collision between
necessity for groundwater as a supporter of the primary needs the India-Australia Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This basin has an elongated
of the community. Based on data from the Central Statistics round shape that is oriented Southeast - Northwest which is located between the
Agency (BPS) of Samosir Regency, the mid-year population Sunda Shelf which is off the coast to the northeast which is bounded by Bukit
projection figures, the population of Samosir Regency in 2018 Barisan in the west and is bounded by the Asahan Arc to the south which borders
was 125,816 and experienced an increase of 0.02% based on the North Sumatra Basin. with the Central Sumatra Basin and the serene
the arithmetic rate of growth. So that it takes exploration and Malacca Shelf to the east. The North Sumatra Basin includes a narrow strip that
increased production of groundwater which begins with stretches from Medan to Banda Aceh where further to the east it will merge with
identification with remote sensing and optimization of the Sundanese exposure and the north side will be continuous, deep, and open
opensource data. This approach used to reduce the cost and towards the Andaman Sea.
period during the preliminary exploration as well as utilize the
Internet of Things Era.

Method Analysis and Discussion

The vulnerability of the Topography to assess
In This research was developed based on a qualitative and quantitative geological approach. The groundwater reservoir is the slope with a value
data used is accessed from opensource data (table 1) measured with a ground- between 0-> 20 (low-
water-surface depth para- high).
After the data have been collected, Seven data parameters were digitized and converted into a meter of 2 to 5 meters.
raster data set using ArcGIS (Figure 1). Then, the DVI is calculated and the vulnerability maps DAS .
is prepared by considering the observation and investigative aspects hydrogeology. The weighting
factor of the seven parameters is determined depending on the location properties are shown in
Table 2. The method used is the DRASTIC method based on GIS for assessing groundwater
vulnerability in Turkey. DRASTIC method based on concept a hydrogeological setting can be The net value of recharge at The impact of a vadose
interpreted as “a combined description of all the main geological and hydrological factors that the research location is zone is represented by
influence and control movement groundwater into and out of an area (Aller, Bennet, Neck, Petty, & presented with the rainfall at
existing rock units in the
Hackett, 1987). The type or media class that the significance of each parameter represents range, Pangururan station 7.2
mm/year, Ronggur Ni Huta
which is graded from 1 to 10 based on its relative effect on susceptibility aquifer. The seven 244, 3 mm/year, and Palipi
parameters are then given weights ranging from 1 to 5 using the Delphi technique by (Aller, 159.33 mm/year.
Bennet, Neck, Petty, & Hackett, 1987). Model DRASTIC calculates the final DRASTIC vulnerability
index (DVI) with add up the products from the ratings and weights for each of the seven factors:

DVI = DrDw + RrRw + ArAw + SrSw + TrTw + IrIw + CrCw

Media aquifers are The conductivity value is
Then the lineament and land use parameters are added to previous DRASTIC method parameters described by the lithology 2.14 x 10-5 m/sec.
that develops on a geo-
so that the method is modified.The effect of these two parameters was determined by parameter logical map in the form of
densitivity analysis single designed to compare 'theoretical' weights with 'effective' weights. The alluvium, karstic, and
effective weight is a function of the value of a single parameter with respect other parameters as metamorphic rocks.
well as the weights assigned to them by the DRASTIC model modified (Babiker, Mohammed,
Hiyama, & Kato, 2005). As for the weight parameter effective is calculated using the following
equation:

W = (PrPw / DVI) x 10 The soils are humic acrisol Lineament shows the
(Sand-Clay). density based on the
AHP is used in determining the ranking coefficient of each parameter in the DRASTIC-modified distance between the
method. This process has been used to calculate the rank and weight of all parameters lineaments with a
used in the modified DRASTIC method to change the initial weights of the factors that maximum data yield of
participate in assessing vulnerability by equations. 1176.77.

Tabel 2. Analitic Hierarchy Process indikator weight.

The last parameter is land use and displays

agricultural fields, settlements, Grassland-
Heathland, Forest, and bare rock. Based on
the data that has been collected and
processed, it is identified that the research
area has a low to moderate level of
vulnerability, with dominance at a moderate
level (0.15).

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