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Systems of Linear Inequalities Nonlinear Systems
Systems of Linear Inequalities and Nonlinear

Systems of Equations and Inequalities
Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines-Diliman
Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 1/ 17

S YSTEMS OF L INEAR
I NEQUALITIES AND N ONLINEAR
S YSTEMS OF E QUATIONS AND
I NEQUALITIES
At the end of this lecture, a student must be able to:
1 Algebraically solve for systems in two variables involving one linear

equation and one quadratic equation
2 Identify and sketch the solution regions for systems involving linear
inequalities and systems involving nonlinear inequalities

Systems of Linear Inequalities
Definition

Definition
A system of linear inequalities in two variables consists of at least
two linear inequalities in the same variables.

Definition
A solution of a system of linear inequalities is an ordered pair that is
a solution to all inequalities in the system.

Definition
The solution region of a system of inequalities is the region
consisting of all its solutions.

Definition
Remark: To find the solution region of a given system of inequalities,

Definition
Remark: To find the solution region of a given system of inequalities, we

first sketch the regions which correspond to each of the given inequality,

Definition
Remark: To find the solution region of a given system of inequalities, we

first sketch the regions which correspond to each of the given inequality,
and then take the intersection of these regions to obtain the solution
region of the system.

Example
(
x > 3
Sketch the solution region of the system .
y ≤ −x + 2

Example
(
x > 3
y ≤ −x + 2
y
Solution.
1
x
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5

Example
(
x > 3
y ≤ −x + 2
y
Solution. The graph of x > 3 is
the region to the right of the line 1
x = 3, excluding the points on the x
line itself. −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5

Example
(
x > 3
y ≤ −x + 2
y
line itself. −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5

Example
(
x > 3
y ≤ −x + 2
y
line itself. −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5

Example
(
x > 3
y ≤ −x + 2
y
line itself. The graph of y ≤ − x + 2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
is the region below the line
y = − x + 2, including the points −2
on the line. −3
−4
−5

Example
(
x > 3
y ≤ −x + 2
y
−1
on the line. −3
−4
−5

Example
(
x > 3
y ≤ −x + 2
y
−1
on the line. −3
−4
−5

Example
(
x > 3
y ≤ −x + 2
y
line itself. The graph of y ≤ − x + 2 −1 1 2 3
bc
4 5 6 7
−1
on the line. The solution region is −3
shown in the figure on the right. −4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

Sketch the solution region of the system y ≥ −3 .
y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
Solution.
3
2
1
x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
Solution. The graph of y < 2x − 3 is
the region below the line y = 2x − 3
3
with the points on the line excluded.
2
1
x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
1
x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
1
x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
The graph of y ≥ −3 is the region
1
above the line y = −3 with the points
on the line included. x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
1
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
1
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
1
on the line included. The graph of x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y ≤ − 45 x + 52 is the region below the −1
line y = − 54 x + 52 with the points on −2
the line included. −3
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
1
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
1
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−4
−5


Example

y < 2x − 3

y ≤ − 45 x + 5


2
y
3
2
1 bc
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
bcb b
the line included. Taking the −3
intersections of these regions gives us −4
the solution region as shown on the −5
right.
Remark: Here are some tips on how to easily identify regions resulting
from linear inequalities:

1. The solution of the inequality y > ax + b is the set of all points above
the line y = ax + b.

2. The solution of the inequality y < ax + b is the set of all points below

3. The solution of the inequality x > ay + b is the set of all points to the
right of the line x = ay + b.

4. The solution of the inequality x < ay + b is the set of all points to the
left of the line x = ay + b.

4. The solution of the inequality x < ay + b is the set of all points to the
left of the line x = ay + b.
Replacing “>” with “≥” and “<” with “≤” in the above statements simply
includes the points that lie along the line of consideration.

Systems of Linear Inequalities Nonlinear Systems Exercises
Nonlinear Systems of Equations
Restriction: systems of equations that involve one linear equation and

one quadratic equation


Method to solve the system:


Method to solve the system: substitution method

Example (A line and a parabola)

Solve for the intersection of the graphs of
ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
Solution.


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
Solution. We substitute the value of y in the equation of ℓ to the equation

of ρ:


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .

of ρ:
2x − 3 = x2 − 4x + 2


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .

of ρ:
2x − 3 = x2 − 4x + 2
x2 − 6x + 5 = 0


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .

of ρ:
2x − 3 = x2 − 4x + 2
x2− 6x + 5 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 5) = 0.


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .

of ρ:
2x − 3 = x2 − 4x + 2
x2− 6x + 5 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 5) = 0.
Hence, x = 1 or x = 5.


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .

of ρ:
2x − 3 = x2 − 4x + 2
x2− 6x + 5 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 5) = 0.
This implies that the graphs of ℓ and ρ intersect at two different points.


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .

of ρ:
2x − 3 = x2 − 4x + 2
x2− 6x + 5 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 5) = 0.
We solve for the values of y by substituting the values found for x into
either of the two equations of the system.


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .

of ρ:
2x − 3 = x2 − 4x + 2
x2− 6x + 5 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 5) = 0.
either of the two equations of the system. If x = 1, then
y = 2 ( 1 ) − 3 = − 1.

ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .

of ρ:
2x − 3 = x2 − 4x + 2
x2− 6x + 5 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 5) = 0.
either of the two equations of the system. If x = 1, then
y = 2(1) − 3 = −1. If x = 5, then y = 2(5) − 3 = 7.

ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
Solution (cont’d):


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
Thus, the line and the parabola intersect at (1, −1) and (5, 7), as
illustrated in the following figure.


ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
−3−2−
−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−3

ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
−3−2−
−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−3

ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
−3−2−
−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−3

ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
−3−2−
−11 1b (1,
2 −3 14) 5 6
−2
−3

ρ : y = x2 − 4x + 2 and ℓ : y = 2x − 3 .
y
8
b
7 (5, 7)
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
−3−2−
−11 1b (1,
2 −3 14) 5 6
−2
−3
Remark:
Remark: Note that it is also possible for a line and a parabola to have
only one intersection point, or to not meet at all, as seen in the following
figures:
figures:
figures:
Example (A line and a circle)

Find the intersection of the graphs with equations
ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
Solution.

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
Solution. The equation of ℓ is equivalent to y = 2 − x .

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
Solution. The equation of ℓ is equivalent to y = 2 − x . We substitute this

expression for y in the equation of the circle.

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .

expression for y in the equation of the circle. After simplifying the
resulting equation, we can solve for the values of x , as shown in the
following steps:

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .

following steps:
x 2 + (2 − x )2 = 4

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .

following steps:
x 2 + (2 − x )2 = 4
x2 + x2 − 4x + 4 = 4

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .

following steps:
x 2 + (2 − x )2 = 4
x2 + x2 − 4x + 4 = 4
2x2 − 4x = 0

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .

following steps:
x 2 + (2 − x )2 = 4
x2 + x2 − 4x + 4 = 4
2x2 − 4x = 0
2x ( x − 2) = 0

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .

following steps:
x 2 + (2 − x )2 = 4
x2 + x2 − 4x + 4 = 4
2x2 − 4x = 0
2x ( x − 2) = 0
x=0 or x=2

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
Using the equation for ℓ, we obtain y = 2 if x = 0.

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
Using the equation for ℓ, we obtain y = 2 if x = 0. If x = 2, then y = 0.

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
Thus, the graphs of the given equations intersect at (0, 2) and (2, 0), as
shown by the graph below.

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
y
3
2
1
x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−1
−2

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
y
3
2
1
x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−1
−2

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
y
3
2
1
x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−1
−2

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
y
3
b
(0, 2)
2
1
x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−1
−2

ℓ : x + y = 2 and C : x2 + y2 = 4 .
y
3
b
(0, 2)
2
1
(2, 0)
b
x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−1
−2
Remark:
Remark: It is also possible for a line and a circle to have only one
intersection point, or to not meet at all, as seen in the following figures:
Nonlinear Systems of Inequalities
Remark:
Remark: Analogous to a system of linear inequalities, a solution of a

system of nonlinear inequalities is an ordered pair that is a solution to all
inequalities in the system
Remark: Analogous to a system of linear inequalities, a solution of a

system of nonlinear inequalities is an ordered pair that is a solution to all
inequalities in the system and the solution region is the region consisting
of all these solutions.
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0
Solution. y
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
−7−6−5−4−3−−
2−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0
Solution. The graph of y

x2 + y2 ≤ 25 is the interior of the 6
circle x 2 + y2 = 25 along with the 5
4
points on the circle. 3
2
1
x
−7−6−5−4−3−−
2−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0

4
2
1
x
−7−6−5−4−3−−
2−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0

4
2
1
x
−7−6−5−4−3−−
2−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0

4
points on the circle. The graph of 3
2
4x − 3y ≤ 0 is the region above 1
the line 4x − 3y = 0 including the x
−7−6−5−4−3−−
2−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
points on the line. −2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0

4
2
−7−6−5−4−3−−
2−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0

4
2
−7−6−5−4−3−−
2−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
Example
(
x2 + y2 ≤ 25
4x − 3y ≤ 0

4
2
−7−6−5−4−3−−
2−11 1 2 3 4 5 6
points on the line. Taking the −2
−3
intersection of these regions gives −4
−5
the solution region as shown on −6
the right. −7
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y
Solution. y
4
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1
−1
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y

x < 2y − y2 is the region to the left 4
of the parabola x = 2y − y2
(excluding the points on the 3
parabola). 2
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1
−1
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y

parabola). 2
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1
−1
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y

parabola). 2
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1
−1
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y

parabola). The graph of 0 < x + y 2

is the region above the line
0 = x + y not including the points 1
on the line.
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1
−1
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y


on the line.
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1
−1
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y


on the line.
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1
−1
Example
(
x < 2y − y2
0 < x+y

bcb

on the line. Taking the intersection
of these regions gives us the
bcb
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1
solution region on the right. −1
Exercises
1. Solve algebraically for the solution sets of the following systems of

equations.
(
y = x2 − 2x − 8
(a)
4x + 3y + 3 = 0
(
10x2 − xy + 4y2 = 28
(b)
2x2 − 3xy − 2y2 = 0
2. Sketch the solution region for each of the given system of inequalities.

 y ≤ 2x + 1

(a) x<5

y < x+2


2 2
 x + y ≤ 16

(b) 2
y ≤ x −3

y<0


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Systems of Linear Inequalities Nonlinear Systems

Systems of Linear Inequalities and Nonlinear

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 1/ 17

1 Algebraically solve for systems in two variables involving one linear

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 2/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 3/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 3/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 3/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 3/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Remark: To find the solution region of a given system of inequalities,

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 3/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Remark: To find the solution region of a given system of inequalities, we

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 3/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Remark: To find the solution region of a given system of inequalities, we

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 3/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 4/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities

Precalculus: Functions and Their Graphs Systems of Equations and Inequalities 5/ 17

Systems of Linear Inequalities