WH2

Chap 19 & 20 Constructed Responses

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notes during class while we are reviewing the answers***

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grade will reflect the work that is turned in at the beginning of the class period on the day it is
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1. Ch 19: What problems did Europeans have to overcome in order to find an all-water route to Asia?
a. Think about:
i. Ships and sails
ii. Navigational tools
iii. Southern tip of Africa
Answer: In 1200 it was almost impossible to cross the ocean and come back. But with new technology, it made
it easier. Even with high technology and the best sailors, the main problem was that ships could not move
against the wind. And that is where the caravelle appears and kills all the hesitation of the sailor and king. The
navigation, before, was an art that each one would get after many years: the way of pulling sails, knowing
where you are by a certain specific way that he would only to close friends and there is also some good tools
to help the helmsman and the captain keep track of the positions: sextant, compass, watch and many others.
Today it is only pushing some buttons and turning a wheel and letting electronic devices do most of the things
for you. There is also the danger of tempest and hurricane, The bad weather of the cap of good hope and
sickness like the scorbut due to non fresh ailments or bad nutrition.

2. Ch 20: What enabled the Spanish forces to conquer the Aztec people?
a. Think about:
i. Weapons used by each side
ii. Allies and enemies
iii. Forces that weakened the Aztecs
Answer: Cortés and his men conquered the Aztecs in 1521. Several factors played a key role in the stunning
victory. First, the Spanish had the advantage of superior weaponry. Aztec arrows were no match for the
Spaniards’ muskets and cannons. Second, Cortés was able to enlist the help of various native groups. With the
aid of a native woman translator named Malinche, Cortés learned that some natives resented the Aztecs. They
hated their harsh practices. Through Malinche, Cortés convinced these natives to fight on his side. Finally, and
most important, the natives could do little to stop the invisible warrior that marched alongside the
Spaniards,disease. Measles, mumps, smallpox, and typhus were just some of the diseases Europeans were to
bring with them to the Americas. Native Americans had never been exposed to these diseases. Thus, they had
developed no natural immunity to them. As a result, they died by the hundreds of thousands.
3. Ch 20: How did slavery in the Americas differ from slavery in most African and Muslim societies?
a. Think about:
i. The duties of enslaved persons
ii. The way they were treated
iii. Their future prospects
Answer: The slave was a practice that existed since the begining of time, and especially in Africa but it
increases with the invasion of Muslim. They had a few rights and only if they were good and hard working.
Then the Portuguese bring slaves to north America: they were bad treated and receive few clothes and foods
that give them the average life of 23 years. They exchanged goods and worked really hard but the owner tried
to keep them well because if they died the guy would lose a lot of money.

HONORS ONLY CONSTRUCTED RESPONSES:

1. Ch 19: Why might Europe have been more eager to trade with China and Japan during this time than
China and Japan were to trade with Europe?
Answer:

2. Ch 20: How were the French, Dutch, and English interests and activities in North America similar, and
how were they different?
Answer: