ACTIVITY #5

MODULE 5: THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES

1. Enumerate the specific purposes of school and explain each briefly.

 Cognitive Purposes – One of the major purposes of education is the cognitive and intellectual
purpose. The cognitive and intellectual purpose is important because it focuses on improving the
higher-order thinking skills and knowledge of the student so that they can be literate and
knowledgeable thinkers. In this theory, teachers teach basic cognitive skills such as reading, writing,
and speaking. 
 Political Purposes – to inculcate to the existing political order. This political purpose help students
to learn basic law in our society and help them to assimilate diverse cultural groups into a common
political order.
 Social Purposes – it concerns with the socialization of the learners into their various roles,
behaviors, and value of the society. This process referred as socialization is a key ingredient in the
stability of any society.
 Economic Purposes – to prepare students for their later occupational roles and the select, train, and
allocate individuals into the division of labor. It involves training and preparations of citizens for the
field of work.

2. Choose one social science theory and explain its application to education.

One of the social science theories that we discussed is the consensus theory, and I have learned
that this theory views consensus as a key distinguishing feature of a group of people or society.
Consensus is the collective agreement of individuals. The consensus viewpoint emphasizes the
importance of agreed-upon norms and ethical ideals in societal structure. Consensus theory also stresses
the importance of shared experiences and interests amongst members of society. From this perspective,
socialization creates individuals that share common values. Through the consensus process, teachers
can gain a broader understanding of their students' needs, abilities, and concerns so that even their "top-
down" decisions will be more informed.

3. Differentiate Consensus and conflict theory.

Consensus theory is concerned with the maintenance or continuation of social order in society, in
relation to accepted norms, values, rules, and regulations as widely accepted or collectively by society or
with a particular society itself. This theory sees common experiences, interests, and values as the defining
characteristics of a population or a society. A consensus theorist, for example, may investigate sports as a
means of uniting people in a shared experience or the role of education in instilling shared norms and
values.
While conflict theory focuses on the competition between groups within a society over limited
resources, it views social and economic institutions as tools in the struggle between groups and classes,
used to maintain the inequality and dominance of the governing class. For example, the growth of union
movements may be explained by the fact that employers and employees have adverse interests based on
their relationships to wealth and power. So, if we make an observation like "The rich get

richer and the poor get poorer," we have to explain how that circumstance comes about in a way that
makes sense. Some might explain that condition by arguing that some are destined to be poor and
some are destined to be rich. Others might explain that condition by arguing that the personality traits
of rich people are more adapted than those of poor people. Conflict theory could instead argue that an
individual’s relationship to wealth and power is a better predictor: the rich get richer because money
makes money and money is power.

4. What is significant for being Teacher leader?

 Teacher leadership is essential because teachers are the only people who can improve education.
They are the only ones who can look at assessment of learning through the eyes of the children we
serve every day, rather than their own. There are certain decisions that should not be left solely to
teachers, such as operations or other managerial responsibilities. However, the definition and
measurement of success in the classroom must be left to the artists who work tirelessly to improve
their work and the lives of their students. Effective teachers need to be leaders for their students. It is
critically important that teachers possess leadership skills because it is a fundamental factor that is
required to enhance the instructional quality of teachers both inside and outside the classroom.

5. Who is a teacher Leader?

In schools, the term "teacher-leader" is commonly applied to teachers who have taken on
leadership roles and additional professional responsibilities. Teachers are leaders all day. They lead
by example in the way they act, speak, and behave. They lead their students through challenging
activities and rigorous learning. A teacher leader has a passion for both teaching students and
mentoring or assisting fellow teachers. The teacher's leadership structure may be formalized, or
teachers might informally evolve into a supportive role. This role includes providing individual or
group assistance in a number of areas, such as curriculum, instruction, classroom management,
professional development, mentoring, data coaching, and continuous improvement initiatives.
Teacher leadership incorporates a teacher’s skills, knowledge, and expertise in helping their school
achieve its main goal: providing opportunities for all students to succeed.