NAME : USAMA SAMI

Roll No; 58221

Subject; International Relations
Department : BS English
Semester : 2nd
Grand Assignment

Discuss Foreign policy of pakistan and it's features and phases.

Geo-strategic importance of pakistan

Location
West part of South Asia. It lies between the latitudes of 23.30 degree and 35.45 degree north
and between the longitudes of 61 degree and 75.31 degree east of Greenwich.Total Area
796096 sq km broad East to West.1600 kms north to south and about 885 kms broad east to
west.

Boundaries
March with Iran, Afghanistan and India bounded to west by Iran.To the North by Afghanistan to
the North East by China. To the East and South East by India and to the South by Arabian Sea
Pakistan is separated from Tajikistan by a narrow strip of Afghan territory called “WAKHAN”
PAKISTAN shares border 2252 km long common border (Durand Line) with Afghanistan, 585
kms long border with China, 805 kms long border with Iran and 700 kms long coast with the
Arabian Sea..
Pakistan Foreign Policy :
Definition

“The external policy of an independent, sovereign state which it pursues in its relations with other
nations of the world in order to seek its national interest.”“The external policy of statate which it
pursues to preserve its ideological character, safeguard its territorial integrity, maintain its political
sovereignty and guarantee its economic well being”

Elements of Foreign Policy

Foreign policy is designed to protect the national interests of the state. Modern foreign policy has become
quite complex. In the past, foreign policy may have concerned itself primarily with policies solely related to
national interest–for example, military power or treaties. Currently, foreign policy encompasses trade,
finance, human rights, environmental, and cultural issues. All of these issues, in some way, impact how
countries interact with one another and how they pursue their national interests worldwide.

Who Is in Charge of Foreign Policy?

Usually, creating foreign policy is designated to the head of government and the foreign minister (or
equivalent). In some countries the legislature also has considerable oversight.

In the United States, foreign policy is made and carried out by the executive branch, particularly the
president, with the national security adviser, the State Department, the Defense Department, the
Department of Homeland Security, and the intelligence agencies. The National Security Act of 1947 and
recent bureaucratic reorganization after 9/11 reshaped the structure of foreign policy making.

The U.S. Secretary of State is analogous to the foreign minister of other nations and is the official charged
with state-to-state diplomacy, although the president has ultimate authority over foreign policy. The current
U.S. Secretary of State is John Kerry.

Objectives Of Pakistan Foreign Policy:

1. National Security.
2. Territorial Integrity.
3. Economic well being.
4. National prestig
Determinants OF Pakistan Foreign Policy

 Geo-Political Settings.
 Historical Legacies and Past Traditions.
 Socio-Economic Condition.
 Systems and Structure
 Considerations.
 Makers Dream, Images and Motives.
 External Environment.
 Considerations.
 National Interest.

Features and Elements Affecting Pakistan Foreign Policy

 The political organization found in a country also greatly influences the foreign policy. For
example under authoritarian systems quick foreign policy decisions are taken.
 press also plays a vital role in foreign policy formulation process.
 The nature of political accountability prevailing in a system also greatly influence the foreign
policy of the state.
 The leadership also plays a vital role in the shaping of a country’s foreign policy.
 The great power structure prevailing in the world politics also greatly influence the policy of a
country.
 making foreign policy the state has to take note of the international law, treaties and contracts.
 While formulating its foreign policy a country has to take note of the reaction of states to its
various actions.
 concluded by various states also greatly influence the foreign policy.
 world public opinion also influences the state’s foreign policy

Phases of Pakistan Foreign Policy

 1947-53: Exploration and Friendship with All

• Introduction of Pakistan by Quid ( The 1st Governor-General)
• Quid Stress to ties with other States
• Outlining the goals of foreign policy, Jinnah declared:
“Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards the nations of the world. We do
not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. We believe in the principle of
honesty and fair-play in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our
 utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world.
Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the
oppressed and suppressed peoples of the world, and in upholding the principles of the United
Nations Charter.”

• Joining of United Nations (September-30, 1947)

• Preliminary Difficulties with India and Afghanistan

• Ambassador Level Relations with US, Soviet Union and China

 1953-62: Alignment with the West

 Pak-US Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (May 1954)
 Alignment with Turkey (April 1954)
 South-East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) (September 1954)
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) (September 1955)

1962-71: Transition
 Rethinking about the Alignment Policy
 Improving Relations with the Soviet Union
 Improving Relations with China
 Diminishing Ties with the U.S.
 Pluralistic Perspective
 Relations with India
 Crisis in East Pakistan and International Response

1972-79: Bilateralism and nonalignment

 Pakistan withdrew from commonwealth and SEATO
 Became a member of NON-allied summit in 1979
 India-Pakistan Relations
 Pakistan ties their relationship with China.
  Relations with Russia and US.

1980-90: Afghanistan and Partnership with the U.S.

 Pakistan supported Afghanistan in Soviet invasion
 Pakistan hosted Afghan refugees during this war
 Revival of Pak-US Relations
 Pak China Relations
 Pakistan and the OIC

 Indo –Pakistan relationship-Policy Dialogue on PakAfghan Relations

1990-2001: Post-Cold War Era and Pakistan's Role

 Continuation of the Afghanistan Problem
 Insurgency in Kashmir
 Going Nuclear

2001 onwards: Pakistan and Counter Terrorism

 September 11 and Fight Against Terrorism
 Increased U.S. Support
 Pakistan's Relations with China and Russia
 Muslim World and Pakistan
 Transfer of Nuclear Technology

Concluding Remarks
Pakistan is currently an active player in the global efforts for combating religious extremism and
terrorism with a policy that extremism and terrorism pose serious threats to global security as
well as to Pakistan's internal peace, stability and economic development. Pakistan has made
some difficult decisions in pursuing counter terrorism and for ensuring peace and stability In
the immediate neighborhood in order to boost its image at the international level, restore
international confidence in the ability of the Pakistani state and government to put their
socioeconomic house in order, and shape up as a democraticallyoriented, modern and
enlightened Muslim polity that does not allow its territory to be used by extremist groups