Mathematics

Entry 3

Learning Resource 2
Add and Subtract

N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3 2

Contents

Addition Strategies - Using Columns N1/E3.2 & N1/E3.3 Pages 2 - 7

Counting On
Partitioning
Mental Addition

Subtraction Strategies - Using Columns N1/E3.2 & N1/E3.3 Pages 8 - 13

Counting On

Inverse Calculations N1/E3.3 Page 14

©West Nottinghamshire College 1

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Information Addition - Using Columns

One way of adding numbers together is to write them out in columns of hundreds, tens and
units and add each column.

You must make sure that each figure is in the correct column and lined up accurately.

Example

212 + 325

Set the calculation out in columns. Line up units to units, tens to tens and hundreds to
hundreds.

H T U
2 1 2
+ 3 2 5

Add the units together. e.g. 2 + 5 = 7 units

H T U
2 1 2
+ 3 2 5
7

Then add the tens together. e.g. 1 + 2 = 3 tens

H T U
2 1 2
+ 3 2 5
3 7

Finally, add the hundreds together. e.g. 2 + 3 = 5 hundreds

H T U
2 1 2
+ 3 2 5
5 3 7

©West Nottinghamshire College 2

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Information Addition - Using Columns

Sometimes when you add up the column of hundreds, tens or units there is a carry over
into the next column.

You must make sure that each figure is in the correct column and lined up accurately.

Example

476 + 337

Set the calculation out in columns. Line up units to units, tens to tens and hundreds to
hundreds.
H T U
4 7 6
+ 3 3 7

Add the units together. e.g. 6 + 7 = 13

H T U
4 7 6
+ 3 3 7
Put the 3 in the units column and
3
1 carry the 1 over to the tens column.

Then add the tens together. e.g. 7 + 3 + (the carry over figure, 1) = 11

H T U
4 7 6
+ 3 3 7
Put the 1 in the tens column and
1 3
1 1 carry 1 over to the hundreds column.

Finally, add the hundreds together. e.g. 4 + 3 + (the carry over figure, 1) = 8

H T U
4 7 6
+ 3 3 7
8 1 3
1 1

©West Nottinghamshire College 3

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Information Addition - Counting On

You can add numbers together by ‘counting on’.

Examples

2 + 17 Swap the numbers around so the bigger number is first.

17 + 2 Start with 17 then count on 2 numbers, e.g. 18, 19.

Information Addition - Partitioning

It is sometimes easier to work with numbers if you break them down into hundreds, tens
and units. You can then add the hundreds together, the tens together and the units
together, finally adding these separate parts.

Examples

54 + 651 = 600 + 50 + 50 + 4 + 1 = 600 + 100 + 5 = 700 + 5 = 705

729 + 187 = 700 + 100 + 80 + 20 + 9 + 7 = 800 + 100 + 16 = 916

Information Addition - Mental addition

There are many different methods to use when adding up in your head. Generally use
whatever method you know already. For instance:

 Number bonds up to 10. (Pairs of whole numbers that make up 10)

 Count on in tens and then add the units.

Examples

14 + 36 Using number bonds. 4 + 6 = 10 10 + 30 = 40 40 + 10 = 50

325 + 45 Count on in tens then add the units. 325 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 365 + 5 = 370

©West Nottinghamshire College 4

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Exercise 1 Addition

Choose whichever method you are happy with and work out the following addition sums:
1) You are collecting school tokens from the local supermarket.

Week 1 you get 15 tokens; Week 2 you get 66 tokens; Week 3 you get 55 tokens.

At the end of the 3 weeks, how many tokens do you have to send to the local
school?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

2) 746 + 132 = ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

3) At a car boot sale, I sell a vase for £3, a plant for £1, a bag for £4 and a picture for
£12. How much money have I taken?

..…………………………………………………….……………………………………...….
.

4) You buy the following paper plates for the children’s rainbow party:

120 red; 120 green; 140 blue; 125 yellow;

How many plates did you buy altogether? .………………….…………………………..

5) 477 + 512 = ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

6) Last week, 828 visitors came to the farm park. This week, the number of visitors is
783. How many visitors have been to the farm park in the last 2 weeks?

..…………………………………………………….……………………………………...….

7) 115 + 63 = ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

©West Nottinghamshire College 5

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Exercise 2 Addition

Choose whichever method you are happy with and work out the following addition sums:

1) Yves, Jules and Ryan decide to put their air miles together to pay for a trip abroad.
Yves has 428 air miles, Jules has 288 and Ryan has 213. How many air miles do
they have altogether?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

2) 347 3) 581 4) 107

+ 115 + 109 + 324
______ ______ ______

3) Cherubs’ nursery has 43 children at the morning session and 59 different children at
the afternoon session. How many children attend Cherubs’ nursery altogether?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

4) 42 + 425 + 67 = ..……………………………………………….…………………………..

5) Gavin has 55 colour prints mounted in his folder. He has 179 more loose colour
prints in a packet. How many colour prints does he have altogether?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

6) 333 + 657 = ..………………………………………………….…………………………..

©West Nottinghamshire College 6

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Exercise 3 Addition

1) There is a swimming competition at the local pool. There are three swimmers in
each team. Each swimmer has to do as many lengths as they can in 10 minutes.
Work out how many lengths each team has completed.

e.g. Team 1. Col swam 12 lengths, Fred swam 8 lengths and Sam swam 11.

Calculation: 12 + 8 + 11 = 31 lengths

a) Team 2. Sarah swam 13 lengths, Leo swam 14 lengths and Rupa swam 15.

Calculation: ..……………………………………….………………………………..

b) Team 3. Des swam 18 lengths, Amir swam 9 lengths and Zak swam 13.

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

c) Team 4. Ravi swam 10 lengths, Suki swam 13 lengths and Jim swam 11.

Calculation: ..………………………………………………………………………..

2) A garage sold 144 litres of milk on Monday, 146 litres on Tuesday and 120
litres on Wednesday. How many litres of milk were sold altogether over the 3
days?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

3) In the January sale you decide to buy a stereo system costing £282 plus a mobile
phone costing £68. How much will you pay in total?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

4) The Smith family each bought a box of chocolates last weekend. Adam’s box
contained 14 chocolates, Joe’s contained 20 chocolates, Faye’s contained 16
chocolates and Dave’s contained 25 chocolates. How many chocolates did the
family have to eat in total?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

©West Nottinghamshire College 7

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Information Subtraction - Using Columns

One way of subtracting numbers is to write them out in columns of hundreds, tens and
units and subtract each column in turn.

Make sure that you put the two numbers in the correct order. The number that you are
taking away is always placed below the original number and so the bottom number is
always taken away from the top number.

You must make sure that each figure is in the correct column and lined up accurately.

Example 1

389 - 164

Set the calculation out in columns. Line up units to units, tens to tens and hundreds to
hundreds.

H T U
3 8 9
- 1 6 4

Subtract the units e.g. 9 - 4 = 5 units

H T U
3 8 9
- 1 6 4
5

Then subtract the tens e.g. 8 - 6 = 2 tens

H T U
3 8 9
- 1 6 4
2 5

Finally, subtract the hundreds e.g. 3 - 1 = 2 hundreds

H T U
3 8 9
- 1 6 4
2 2 5

©West Nottinghamshire College 8

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Information Subtraction - Using Columns

The following examples show different methods of calculating the same sum.

Example 2 Method 1

432 - 54

Set the calculation out in columns. Line up units to units, tens to tens and hundreds to
hundreds.

H T U
4 3 2
- 5 4

Subtract the units. If the top number is smaller than the bottom, then you must take 1 ten
from the tens column and put it with the 2 to make 12 units.
In the units column change 2 to 12
H T U and
2 1
decrease the top tens figure from 3 to 2
4 3 2
- 5 4
The sum is now 12 – 4 = 8 units
8

Then subtract the tens. If the top number is smaller than the bottom, then you must take 1
hundred from the hundreds column.

H T U In the tens column change 2 to 12

3 12 and
4 3 2 decrease the top tens figure from 4 to 3
- 5 4
7 8 The sum is now 12 – 5 = 7 tens

Finally, subtract the hundreds.

H T U The sum is now 3 – 0 = 3 hundreds

3
4 3 2
- 5 4
3 7 8

©West Nottinghamshire College 9

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Example 3 Method 2 Subtraction - Using Columns

432 - 54

Set the calculation out in columns. Line up units to units, tens to tens and hundreds to
hundreds.

H T U
4 3 2
- 5 4

Subtract the units. If the top number is smaller than the bottom, then you must use 1 ten
from the tens column.

H T U In the units column change 2 to 12

1 and
4 3 2 increase the bottom tens figure from 5 to 6
- 5 4
6
T he sum is now 12 - 4 = 8 units
7 8

Then subtract the tens. If the top number is smaller than the bottom, then you must use 1
hundred from the hundreds column.

H T U In the tens column change 3 to 13

1 1 and
4 3 2 place the 1 underneath the 4 in the hundreds column.
- 5 4
1 6 The sum is now 13 - 6 = 7 tens
7 8

Finally, subtract the hundreds.

H T U
The sum is now 4 - 1 = 3 hundreds
4 3 2
- 5 4
1

7 8

©West Nottinghamshire College 10

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Information Subtraction - Counting On

You can easily work out the answers to take away sums by ‘counting on’ from the smaller
given number to the larger number.

Examples

18 − 9

The smaller number is 9 so count on 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.

How many numbers did you count?

10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 = 9 numbers.

Exercise 4 Subtraction

Choose whichever method you are happy with and work out the following subtraction
sums:

1) A bicycle costing £299 is reduced by £75 in a sale.

What is the sale price?

2) At the golf course 634 balls have been lost in the lake. Archie has collected 67 balls
from the lake. How many balls are still in the lake?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

3) Ali runs every day. On Monday he ran for 36 minutes. On Tuesday he managed
only 28 minutes. How many more minutes did he run on Monday than on Tuesday

Calculation: ..…………………………………………………….…………………………..

©West Nottinghamshire College 11

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Exercise 5 Subtraction

1) The Tour de Nottinghamshire is 99 miles long. Work out how many miles each
person below will have to travel to finish the race.

e.g. Sam has cycled 63 miles. How far does he have to travel to
finish?

Calculation: 99 − 63 = 36 miles

a) Sanjeet has cycled 25 miles. How far does she have to travel to finish?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

b) Ed has cycled 82 miles. How far does he have to travel to finish?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

c) Olivia has cycled 93 miles. How far does she have to travel to finish?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

d) Henri has cycled 59 miles. How far does he have to travel to finish?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

e) Who is the closest to the finish? ..…………………………………………..……..

2) 106 − 51 =

3) Millie bought her first computer 6 years ago. She is now 33 years old. How old was
she when she bought the computer?

©West Nottinghamshire College 12

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.2 N1/E3.3
2
Exercise 6 Subtraction

1) The following questions are all about Dreamy Dairies farm. The farm owns 865
cows.

a) Four hundred and forty four cows are being milked. How many are not being
milked?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

b) The cows are split into 2 fields. If 471 cows are in one field, how
many cows are in the other?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

c) Five hundred and seventy six cows had calves last year. How many cows
did not have calves?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

d) Six hundred and eighty eight cows are brown. The rest are black and white.
How many cows are black and white?

Calculation: ..…………………………………………….…………………………..

2) 286
- 169

3) 741
- 150

4) Maggie bakes 48 mince pies. She gives 16 to a relative, takes 12 to work and her
children eat 6. How many are left to put in the freezer?

©West Nottinghamshire College 13

 Excellence in skills development
ADD AND SUBTRACT
ENTRY 3
N1/E3.3
2
Information Inverse Calculations

An inverse calculation is a way of checking your answer. The inverse of something is the
opposite. Adding is the inverse of subtracting. Subtracting is the inverse of adding.

Examples

46 + 28 = 74 An inverse calculation would be 74 - 28 = 46

or 74 - 46 = 28

972 - 315 = 657 An inverse calculation would be 657 + 315 = 972

Exercise 7

First complete the sum, then check your answer by using an inverse calculation.

1) 418 + 7 = _________ inverse ……………….………

2) 706 – 89 = _________ inverse ……………….………

3) 155 + 46 = _________ inverse ……………….………

4) 971 – 53 = _________ inverse ……………….………

5) 446 + 8 = _________ inverse ……………….………

6) 68 – 32 = _________ inverse ……………….………

7) 915 + 95 = _________ inverse ……………….………

You can also check your answers using a calculator.

©West Nottinghamshire College 14