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LR 03 Maths E3 Multiply and Divide
LR 03 Maths E3 Multiply and Divide
Entry 3
Learning Resource 3
Multiply and Divide
Contents
When you multiply a number, you add the number to itself a specified number of times.
This is quite easy when the number to multiply by is quite small i.e. 36 x 4
Example 1
However with bigger numbers it is more difficult to work out. There are many ways to
solve a multiplication problem. One method is to multiply the units first and then multiply
the tens.
Example 2
36 x 4 becomes:
36
× 4
Example 3
22 × 2 =
25 × 4
(multiply 25 × 2 first) 25 × 2 = 50
Example 5
15 × 5
1) 12 2) 11
x 3 x 8
3) 43 4) 21
x 2 x 6
5) 31 6) 13
x 8 x 4
7) 14 8) 15
x 7 x 2
9) 12 10) 24
x 9 x 5
1) Look at the numbers below and circle those that are multiples of 2.
1 6 11 15 18 25
36 37 40 45 57 58
60 62 77 88 100 103
125 148 162 166 199 231
What do you notice about all of the numbers you have circled?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Do you notice any patterns?
1) 4 8 …………… …………… 20
2) 16 …………… 24 …………… 32
4)
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42
43 44 45 46 47 48
5) If there are 4 glasses in one box, how many glasses would there be in 3 boxes?
1)
× 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5
4) If there are 8 flowers in a bunch, how many flowers would there be in 5 bunches?
5) There are nine chocolates in each box. How many chocolates would there be in
five boxes?
1) 7 × 10 50
2) 10 × 3 60
3) 5 × 10 40
4) 10 × 6 30
5) 10 × 4 70
6) If a box contains 8 light bulbs, how many light bulbs would there be in 10 boxes?
It is always a ______ .
1) Look at the numbers in the square and circle the multiples of 50.
1 25 50 75 100
2) Look at the numbers below and circle those that are multiples of 100.
e.g. Peter the milkman has 7 crates of milk. Each crate holds 20 pints. How
many pints of milk does Peter have?
2) Sam writes 9 cheques for £24. How much has he spent in total?
1) Look at the recipe for a chocolate cake and then answer the questions.
Recipe
b) How many grams of cocoa powder would you need for 4 cakes?
2) If 96 ml of orange squash makes 1 drink, how many millilitres would you need for 6
drinks?
Choose whichever method of multiplication you prefer to answer the following questions.
1) There are six teams competing on Sports Day. If there are five young persons in
each team, how many young persons are there in total?
2) Each team needs two bats to compete in different events. If there are six teams,
how many bats are needed?
3) There are five bottles of squash. If each bottle holds three litres of squash, how
many litres of squash are there in total?
4) If there are four ice cream cones in a pack, how many cones will there be in eight
packs?
5) Three people from each team win a prize. If there are six teams, how many prizes
are won altogether?
Dividing is the same as sharing. There are several methods you can use to work out the
answer to a division question. You need to find the way that you find the easiest.
Examples
If you share 12 items between 3 people, they will have 4 items each.
12 ÷ 3 = 4
If you share 12 items between 4 people, they will have 3 items each.
12 ÷ 4 = 3
If you share 20 items between 4 people, they will have 5 items each.
20 ÷ 4 = 5
If you share 20 items between 5 people, they will have 4 items each.
20 ÷ 5 = 4
One method of working out the answer to a division is to see how many times the smaller
number can be taken from the larger number.
Examples
18 ÷ 6 =
18 – 6 = 12 12 – 6 = 6 6–6=0
Count how many sums you have completed. This shows how many sets of 6 there are
in 18. There are 3 sums.
Answer: 3
Information
Examples
16 ÷ 4 =
Step 2. Half of 8 (8 ÷ 2 = 4)
Answer: 4
Look at the examples of division and answer the following questions using whichever
method you prefer. Check your answers by multiplying back.
1) 20 ÷ 4 = 2) 25 ÷ 5 =
3) 18 ÷ 3 = 4) 40 ÷ 5 =
5) 18 ÷ 2 = 6) 100 ÷ 10 =
7) 45 ÷ 5 = 8) 24 ÷ 3 =
9) 28 ÷ 4 = 10) 24 ÷ 4 =
11) 44 ÷ 4 = 12) 55 ÷ 5 =
13) 32 ÷ 4 = 14) 70 ÷ 10 =
Calculation 18 2 = 9
1) There are 28 chocolates in a box. If they were to be shared between 4 people, how
many chocolates would each person have?
2) It costs £45 to buy 3 pairs of jeans. How much would one pair of jeans cost?
3) There are 49 biscuits in a packet. If the biscuits were shared between 7 people,
how many biscuits would each person have?
4) Mary and Jack have 3 children. They buy the children a packet of 99 coloured
pens. How many coloured pens would each child have if the pens were shared out
equally?
5) There are 64 people at a wedding reception. There are 8 tables. How many people
are sitting around each table?
6) There are 72 shirts in a warehouse. They have to be packed into 8 boxes. How
many shirts will there be in each box?
Choose whichever method of division you prefer to answer the following questions.
1) Thirty people are going on a shopping trip. Each minibus holds ten people. How
many minibuses are needed?
2) Twenty four people book a meal in a restaurant. Each table seats six people. How
many tables are required?
3) Twenty people decide to go on a boat trip. Each boat holds four people. How
many boats are needed?
4) Seven people buy tickets for the cinema. The total cost for seven tickets is thirty
five pounds. How much does each ticket cost?
5) The seven people buy an ice-cream each. The total cost for the ice-creams is
twenty one pounds. How much does each ice-cream cost?
You have already seen that you can check the answer to a division by multiplying back.
You can also check the answer to a multiplication by dividing back. The following example
and exercise gives more practice in this.
Examples
4×3= 12 12 ÷ 3 = 4
5×7= 35 35 ÷ 7 = 5
Exercise 14
1) 3×8= _____ ÷ 8 =
2) 4×4= _____ ÷ 4 =
3) 7×3= _____ ÷ 3 =
4) 8×6= _____ ÷ 6 =
5) 6×6= _____ ÷ 6 =
6) 9×3= _____ ÷ 3 =
When working out division problems, you will sometimes find that the numbers do not
divide exactly.
Example
7 ÷ 3 = 2 remainder 1
Exercise 15
When you are trying to solve a practical problem using division, you need to think very
carefully about the answer. Look carefully at the example and make sure you understand
why you need 6 cars, rather than 5 cars. When you are sure that you understand the
example, work through the exercise. In some of the problems you will need to include
extra cars/tables etc for the remainder; in others you can ignore the remainder.
Example
21 people are going on a trip. If 4 people can fit into a car, how many cars will be needed?
Exercise 16
How will you solve the problem of the remainder in these practical situations?
1) Twenty three people are eating a meal. If each table seats 4 people, how many
tables are needed?
Calculation: ……………………………………………………………………………….
2) Thirteen people are going to the ice stadium. Each ticket allows entry for 4 people.
How many tickets will you need?
Calculation: ……………………………………………………………………………….
3) Twenty three people are going sailing. Each boat holds up to 8 people. There are
3 boats. How many people are in each boat?
Calculation: ……………………………………………………………………………….
4) Twenty five people are available for ten pin bowling. There are 6
people in each team. How many people will be able to play?
Calculation: …………………………………………………………