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Mathematics

Entry 3

Learning Resource 3
Multiply and Divide

N1/E3.4 N1/E3.5 N1/E3.6


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Contents

Multiplication Strategies N1/E3.4 Pages 2 - 3

Multiplication N1/E3.4 Page 4

Multiples of 2 N1/E3.5 Page 5

Multiples of 3 N1/E3.5 Page 6

Multiples of 4 N1/E3.5 Page 7

Multiples of 5 N1/E3.5 Page 8

Multiples of 10 N1/E3.5 Page 9

Multiples of 50 & 100 N1/E3.5 Page 10

Multiplication Problem Solving N1/E3.4 Pages 11 - 13

Division Strategies N1/E3.6 Pages 14 - 15

Division N1/E3.6 Page 16

Division Problem Solving N1/E3.6 Pages 17 - 18

Using Multiply and Divide to Check Answers N1/E3.6 Page 19

Remainders N1/E3.6 Pages 20 - 21

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Information Multiplication Strategies

When you multiply a number, you add the number to itself a specified number of times.
This is quite easy when the number to multiply by is quite small i.e. 36 x 4

Example 1

36 x 4 is the same as adding 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 = 144

However with bigger numbers it is more difficult to work out. There are many ways to
solve a multiplication problem. One method is to multiply the units first and then multiply
the tens.

Example 2

36 x 4 becomes:
36
× 4

Step 1) Multiply the units. 36 (6 × 4 = 24)


× 4 Remember to carry 2 into the
4 tens column.
2

Step 2) Multiply the tens. 36 (3 × 4 = 12)


× 4 Remember to add the 2 carried
144 (12 + 2 = 14).
2

Example 3

22 × 2 =

(multiply the tens first) 20 × 2 = 40 (then multiply the units) 2×2=4

(then add the two answers together) 40 + 4 = 44 Answer: 44

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Example 4 Multiplication Strategies

This method applies to the 4 times table.

25 × 4

(multiply 25 × 2 first) 25 × 2 = 50

(then double the answer) 50 × 2 = 100 Answer: 100

Example 5

This method applies to the 5 times table.

15 × 5

(first work out 15 × 10) 15 × 10 = 150

(then halve the answer) 150  2 = 75 Answer: 75

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Exercise 1 Multiplication

Complete the following multiplication sums. Choose whichever method of multiplication


you prefer.

1) 12 2) 11
x 3 x 8

3) 43 4) 21
x 2 x 6

5) 31 6) 13
x 8 x 4

7) 14 8) 15
x 7 x 2

9) 12 10) 24
x 9 x 5

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Exercise 2 Multiples of 2

1) Look at the numbers below and circle those that are multiples of 2.

1 6 11 15 18 25
36 37 40 45 57 58
60 62 77 88 100 103
125 148 162 166 199 231
What do you notice about all of the numbers you have circled?

……………………………………………………………………………………….

2) Fill in the gaps in these sequences.

a) 350 352 …………… 356 ……………

b) 98 ………….. …………… 104 106

c) …………… 224 226 …………… ……………

d) 950 952 …………… 956 958

e) …………… 110 112 114 ……………

3) If a shelf holds 7 books, how many books would 2 shelves hold?

Calculation: ………………………………… Answer: ……………….….

©West Nottinghamshire College 5


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Exercise 3 Multiples of 3

1) Look at this number square and circle all multiples of 3.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Do you notice any patterns?

Hint - think about odds and evens.

2) If a packet contains 4 cakes, how many cakes would there be in 3 packets?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

3) If a box contains 5 mugs, how many mugs would there be in 3 boxes?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

©West Nottinghamshire College 6


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Exercise 4 Multiples of 4

Fill in the gaps in the sequences using multiples of 4.

1) 4 8 …………… …………… 20

2) 16 …………… 24 …………… 32

3) 24 …………… 32 …………… ……………

Circle the numbers that would appear in the 4 times table.

4)
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42
43 44 45 46 47 48
5) If there are 4 glasses in one box, how many glasses would there be in 3 boxes?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

6) If a bag contains 7 pears, how many pears would there be in 4 bags?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

©West Nottinghamshire College 7


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Exercise 5 Multiples of 5

Complete this multiplication grid for the 5 times table.

1)

× 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5

2) If a bag contains 3 oranges, how many oranges would there be in 5 bags?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

3) If a packet contains 4 cakes, how many cakes would there be in 5 packets?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

4) If there are 8 flowers in a bunch, how many flowers would there be in 5 bunches?

Calculation ………………………………………………. Answer _____

5) There are nine chocolates in each box. How many chocolates would there be in
five boxes?

Calculation ………………………………………………. Answer ______

6) What do you notice about the last digit in each answer?

It is either ……… or ………

©West Nottinghamshire College 8


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Exercise 6 Multiples of 10

Match the calculations to the answers.

1) 7 × 10 50

2) 10 × 3 60

3) 5 × 10 40

4) 10 × 6 30

5) 10 × 4 70

6) If a box contains 8 light bulbs, how many light bulbs would there be in 10 boxes?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

7) If a bag contains 9 bananas, how many bananas would there be in 10 bags?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

8) If a packet contains 10 strawberries, how many strawberries would there be in


10 packets?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: _____

9) What do you notice about the last digit in each answer?

It is always a ______ .

©West Nottinghamshire College 9


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Exercise 7 Multiples of 50 and 100

1) Look at the numbers in the square and circle the multiples of 50.

1 25 50 75 100

190 200 250 294 300

320 335 350 390 400

423 420 450 475 500

550 600 650 680 700

705 750 850 888 900

2) Look at the numbers below and circle those that are multiples of 100.

1 50 75 100 120 200

300 378 400 455 570 599

600 640 700 723 756 787

795 800 860 900 980 999

©West Nottinghamshire College 10


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Exercise 8 Multiplication Problem Solving

e.g. Peter the milkman has 7 crates of milk. Each crate holds 20 pints. How
many pints of milk does Peter have?

Calculation: 7 x 20 = 140 pints

1) If a box contained 26 chocolates, how many chocolates would there be in 4


boxes?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

2) Sam writes 9 cheques for £24. How much has he spent in total?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

3) If a packet contained 52 biscuits, how many biscuits would there be in 8


packets?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

4) If a bar of chocolate had 40 squares, how many squares would there be in 6


bars of chocolate?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

Now check your answers using a calculator.

©West Nottinghamshire College 11


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Exercise 9 Multiplication Problem Solving

1) Look at the recipe for a chocolate cake and then answer the questions.

Recipe

4 eggs Sugar 250 grams

Flour 250 grams Cocoa powder 50 grams

Margarine 250 grams 20 cherries

a) How many cherries would you need for 6 cakes?

Calculation: ……………………………………… Answer: ____________

b) How many grams of cocoa powder would you need for 4 cakes?

Calculation: ……………………………………… Answer: ____________

c) How many eggs would you need for 25 cakes?

Calculation: ……………………………………… Answer: ____________

2) If 96 ml of orange squash makes 1 drink, how many millilitres would you need for 6
drinks?

Calculation: ……………………………………… Answer: ____________

Now check your answers using a calculator.

©West Nottinghamshire College 12


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Exercise 10 Multiplication Problem Solving

Choose whichever method of multiplication you prefer to answer the following questions.

1) There are six teams competing on Sports Day. If there are five young persons in
each team, how many young persons are there in total?

2) Each team needs two bats to compete in different events. If there are six teams,
how many bats are needed?

3) There are five bottles of squash. If each bottle holds three litres of squash, how
many litres of squash are there in total?

4) If there are four ice cream cones in a pack, how many cones will there be in eight
packs?

5) Three people from each team win a prize. If there are six teams, how many prizes
are won altogether?

Now check your answers using a calculator.

©West Nottinghamshire College 13


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Information Division Strategies

Dividing is the same as sharing. There are several methods you can use to work out the
answer to a division question. You need to find the way that you find the easiest.

Examples

If you share 12 items between 3 people, they will have 4 items each.

12 ÷ 3 = 4

If you share 12 items between 4 people, they will have 3 items each.

12 ÷ 4 = 3
If you share 20 items between 4 people, they will have 5 items each.

20 ÷ 4 = 5

If you share 20 items between 5 people, they will have 4 items each.

20 ÷ 5 = 4

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Information Division Strategies

One method of working out the answer to a division is to see how many times the smaller
number can be taken from the larger number.

Examples

18 ÷ 6 =

(1) (2) (3)

18 – 6 = 12 12 – 6 = 6 6–6=0

Count how many sums you have completed. This shows how many sets of 6 there are
in 18. There are 3 sums.
Answer: 3

Check your answer is correct by multiplying back, i.e. 6 x 3 = 18

Information

The following method applies to the 4 times table.

Examples

16 ÷ 4 =

Step 1. Half of 16 (16 ÷ 2 = 8)

Step 2. Half of 8 (8 ÷ 2 = 4)

Answer: 4

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Exercise 11 Division

Look at the examples of division and answer the following questions using whichever
method you prefer. Check your answers by multiplying back.

1) 20 ÷ 4 = 2) 25 ÷ 5 =

3) 18 ÷ 3 = 4) 40 ÷ 5 =

5) 18 ÷ 2 = 6) 100 ÷ 10 =

7) 45 ÷ 5 = 8) 24 ÷ 3 =

9) 28 ÷ 4 = 10) 24 ÷ 4 =

11) 44 ÷ 4 = 12) 55 ÷ 5 =

13) 32 ÷ 4 = 14) 70 ÷ 10 =

©West Nottinghamshire College 16


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Exercise 12 Division Problem Solving

Solve the following problems using division.


e.g. There are 18 learners in the music class. Half of the learners are having
lunch. How many of the learners are in the classroom?

Calculation 18  2 = 9

1) There are 28 chocolates in a box. If they were to be shared between 4 people, how
many chocolates would each person have?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

2) It costs £45 to buy 3 pairs of jeans. How much would one pair of jeans cost?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

3) There are 49 biscuits in a packet. If the biscuits were shared between 7 people,
how many biscuits would each person have?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

4) Mary and Jack have 3 children. They buy the children a packet of 99 coloured
pens. How many coloured pens would each child have if the pens were shared out
equally?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

5) There are 64 people at a wedding reception. There are 8 tables. How many people
are sitting around each table?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

6) There are 72 shirts in a warehouse. They have to be packed into 8 boxes. How
many shirts will there be in each box?

Calculation: ……………………………………………… Answer: ____________

Now check your answers using a calculator.

©West Nottinghamshire College 17


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Exercise 13 Division Problem Solving

Choose whichever method of division you prefer to answer the following questions.

1) Thirty people are going on a shopping trip. Each minibus holds ten people. How
many minibuses are needed?

2) Twenty four people book a meal in a restaurant. Each table seats six people. How
many tables are required?

3) Twenty people decide to go on a boat trip. Each boat holds four people. How
many boats are needed?

4) Seven people buy tickets for the cinema. The total cost for seven tickets is thirty
five pounds. How much does each ticket cost?

5) The seven people buy an ice-cream each. The total cost for the ice-creams is
twenty one pounds. How much does each ice-cream cost?

Now check your answers using a calculator.

©West Nottinghamshire College 18


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Information Using Multiply and Divide to Check Answers

You have already seen that you can check the answer to a division by multiplying back.
You can also check the answer to a multiplication by dividing back. The following example
and exercise gives more practice in this.

Examples

4×3= 12 12 ÷ 3 = 4

5×7= 35 35 ÷ 7 = 5

Exercise 14

1) 3×8= _____ ÷ 8 =

2) 4×4= _____ ÷ 4 =

3) 7×3= _____ ÷ 3 =

4) 8×6= _____ ÷ 6 =

5) 6×6= _____ ÷ 6 =

6) 9×3= _____ ÷ 3 =

©West Nottinghamshire College 19


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Information Remainders

When working out division problems, you will sometimes find that the numbers do not
divide exactly.

Look at the example below. Then answer the questions.

Example

There are 7 chocolates. Share them between 3 people.

7 ÷ 3 = 2 remainder 1

So 3 people will have 2 chocolates each and there is 1 left over.

Exercise 15

1) There are 9 shortbread biscuits. Share them between 4 people.

9 ÷ 4 = _____ remainder _____

2) There are 12 pieces of pizza. Share them between 5 people

12 ÷ 5 = _____ remainder _____

3) There are 13 magazines. Share them between 4 people.

13 ÷ 4 = _____ remainder _____

4) There are 10 pencils. Share them between 4 people.

10 ÷ 4 = _____ remainder _____

5) There are 15 chocolate bars. Share them between 6 people.

15 ÷ 6 = _____ remainder _____

©West Nottinghamshire College 20


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Information Remainders

When you are trying to solve a practical problem using division, you need to think very
carefully about the answer. Look carefully at the example and make sure you understand
why you need 6 cars, rather than 5 cars. When you are sure that you understand the
example, work through the exercise. In some of the problems you will need to include
extra cars/tables etc for the remainder; in others you can ignore the remainder.

Example

21 people are going on a trip. If 4 people can fit into a car, how many cars will be needed?

Calculation: 21 ÷ 4 = 5 remainder 1 so 6 cars will be needed

Exercise 16

How will you solve the problem of the remainder in these practical situations?

1) Twenty three people are eating a meal. If each table seats 4 people, how many
tables are needed?
Calculation: ……………………………………………………………………………….

2) Thirteen people are going to the ice stadium. Each ticket allows entry for 4 people.
How many tickets will you need?
Calculation: ……………………………………………………………………………….

3) Twenty three people are going sailing. Each boat holds up to 8 people. There are
3 boats. How many people are in each boat?
Calculation: ……………………………………………………………………………….

4) Twenty five people are available for ten pin bowling. There are 6
people in each team. How many people will be able to play?
Calculation: …………………………………………………………

©West Nottinghamshire College 21

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