DESIGN 3

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

3D VIEW
TOP VIEW
CALCULATION AND SIMULATION
Force required in cutting the sugarcane by shearing.

Shearing strength of sugarcane: 3.03 to 4.43 MPa (AVG 3.64 MPa)

Area of sugarcane stalk cutting at a time = Diameter of stalk × length of serration = 40mm × 1mm = 40

mm2 Shearing force required = Shear strength × Cutting area

= 4.43 × 40 (Taking maximum shear strength)

= 177.2 N

Calculating the force acting on the pin of the blade and the force required to be exerted by
the pneumatic cylinder Considering the left side design:

Let F be the force required to cut the sugarcane and N be the force required to be exerted by
the pneumatic cylinder.
1 2
Assumption: 𝐹1 = 𝐹, 𝐹2 = 3 𝐹, 𝐹3 = 𝐹
3

Calculation:
Force required to cut a sugarcane= 177.2 N
ϴ = 8.61 deg.
∈ 𝑀𝑃 = 0
𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠(8.61)(35) = 𝐹1(13) + 𝐹2(20) + 𝐹3(27)
𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠(8.61)(35) = 60(13) + 120(20) + 177.2(27)
𝑁 = 230.15𝑁 → 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑵𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟑𝟎. 𝟏𝟓(𝟐) = 𝟒𝟔𝟎. 𝟑𝑵
∈ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
(60 + 120 + 177.2 )cos(8.61) = 230.15 + 𝑅𝐷𝑦
𝑅𝐷𝑦 = 64 𝑁
∈ 𝑅𝐷𝑥 = 0
∈ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑅𝐹𝑥 = (60 + 120 + 177.2) sin(8.61) − 230.15 tan(8.61) = 18.6𝑁
2
𝐹 = √(𝑅𝐵𝑦 ) + (𝑅𝐹𝑥 )2

𝐹 = √(64)2 + (18.6)2
𝑹𝑳 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟓 𝑵 → 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒑𝒊𝒏
𝑹𝑹 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟓 𝑵 → 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒑𝒊𝒏

Solving for the size of the pneumatic cylinder in terms of power, length of stroke and
the working pressure:

• Length of stroke
𝑑
tan 𝜃 =
35
𝑑 = 35 tan(25.25) = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟏 𝒄𝒎
• Power required
𝑊 𝐹𝐷
𝑃= = → 𝑒𝑞. 1
𝑡 𝑡
 𝑓𝑑
𝑃= ; @𝑡 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑡
1𝑚
460.3𝑁(16.51 𝑐𝑚 × 100 𝑐𝑚)
=
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑷 = 𝟑𝟖 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔
• Load calculation
𝑁
𝑚=
𝑔
460.3 𝑁
𝑚=
9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝒎 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝒈𝒇
• Pressure input by the compressor:
Finding a compressor with a stroke of 16.51 cm and a power or load of 160 kgf and use the
indicated diameter of the choosen pneumatic cylinder.
D = 63.5 mm – for havy duty pneumatic cylinder
• Pressure input by the compressor:
𝐹
𝑃𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 − 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 𝜋
(𝑑)2
4
𝐹
𝑃𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 𝜋
(𝑑)2
4
460.3𝑁
𝑃𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 𝜋
(. 2
4 0635)
2
𝑁 1𝑚
𝑃𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 145346.19 2 × ( )
𝑚 1000𝑚𝑚
𝑷𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
• Blade sharpness:

𝑂
(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − ) × 2
𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝐴
180
Where:
0.5
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 18.4350
1.5
18.435
𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = 0.1024
180
Solving for the safe dimension for the parts where the maximum flexural, shear and tensile
stress will occur. Using;

Material Properties
Properties
Name: Alloy Steel
Model type: Linear Elastic Isotropic
Default failure criterion: Max von Mises Stress
Yield strength: 6.20422e+08 N/m^2
Tensile strength: 7.23826e+08 N/m^2
Elastic modulus: 2.1e+11 N/m^2
Poisson's ratio: 0.28
Mass density: 7,700 kg/m^3
Shear modulus: 7.9e+10 N/m^2
Thermal expansion 1.3e-05 /Kelvin
coefficient:

Using factor of safety of steel 2.5

𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 = = = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆𝒕𝒚 𝟐. 𝟓
𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 = = = 𝟏𝟔𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆𝒕𝒚 𝟐. 𝟓
Calculating if the designed dimensions of the pin connecting the blade and the guide is safe.
• PARTS (SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION)
1. PIN BLADE

Loads and Fixtures

Fixture name Fixture Image Fixture Details
Entities: 2 face(s)
Type: Fixed Geometry

Fixed-1

Resultant Forces
Components X Y Z Resultant
Reaction force(N) -18.58 63.87 26.6 66.65
Reaction Moment(N.m) 0 0 0 0

Load name Load Image Load Details

Entities: 1 edge(s)
Type: Apply force
Values: 66.65 N

Force-1
Study Results

Name Type Min Max

Stress1 VON: von Mises Stress 4.426e+02N/m^2 2.680e+07N/m^2
Node: 29533 Node: 974

pin 2 simulation-Static 1-Stress-Stress1

Name Type Min Max

Displacement1 URES: Resultant Displacement 0.000e+00mm 3.032e-04mm
Node: 1 Node: 976
 pin 2 simulation-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1

Name Type Min Max

Strain1 ESTRN: Equivalent Strain 1.484e-09 8.399e-05
Element: 9868 Element: 14425

pin 2 simulation-Static 1-Strain-Strain1

• Solving for the flexural stress in the pin 1 of the blade:

M M
flexual stress, Sf = = → Eq. 1
I Z
C
where:
Sf = flexual stress
M= maximum bending impact
I= moment of inertia
C= distance from the neutral axis
Solving moment of inertia:
𝜋𝑑 4 𝜋(1)4
𝐼= = = .049 𝑐𝑚4
64 64

Solving the maximum bending impact:

Max. moment is at x= b= 3.75 cm
 𝑃𝑎𝑏 (66.65𝑁)(0.0375)(0.0225)𝑚2
𝑀= =
𝐿 0.06𝑚
𝑴 = 𝟏 𝑵𝒎
SOLVING FOR 𝑆𝑓 ;
𝑀
𝑆𝑓 =
𝐼
𝐶
Where:
𝐼 0.049 𝑐𝑚4
= = 0.098 𝑐𝑚3
𝐶 0.5 𝑐𝑚
1𝑥10^3 𝑁𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑓 =
10𝑚𝑚
. 098 𝑐𝑚3 × ( 1 𝑐𝑚 )3
𝑵
𝑺𝒇 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐 → 𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒆
𝒎𝒎𝟐

• Solving the shear stress in the pin (blade):

Double shear
𝑃
𝑆𝑠 =
𝐴𝑠
Where:
𝑆𝑠 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
230.15𝑁
𝑆𝑠 = 𝜋
2 (4) (10𝑚𝑚)2
𝑵
𝑺𝒔 = 𝟏. 𝟓
𝒎𝒎𝟐

• Solving for the bearing stress, 𝑆𝑏

𝑃 230.15
𝑆𝑏 = = = 𝟐. 𝟑 𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑏 2(10𝑚𝑚 × 5𝑚𝑚)
Where:
𝑆𝑏 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑑𝑡
 2. Calculating if the designed dimensions of the pin connecting the blade and the cylinder rod is safe.
Also, the axial stress of the rod.

Designed dimensions:

Loads and Fixtures

Fixture name Fixture Image Fixture Details
Entities: 2 face(s)
Type: Fixed Geometry
Fixed-1

Resultant Forces
Components X Y Z Resultant
Reaction force(N) -0.000473499 448.777 0.000676185 448.777
Reaction Moment(N.m) 0 0 0 0

Load name Load Image Load Details

Entities: 1 edge(s)
Type: Apply force
Values: 227 N
Force-1

Entities: 1 edge(s)
Type: Apply force
Values: 227 N
Force-2
Study Results

Name Type Min Max

Stress1 VON: von Mises Stress 9.114e+04N/m^2 7.736e+07N/m^2
Node: 16891 Node: 22655

simulation pin.1-Static 1-Stress-Stress1

Name Type Min Max

Displacement1 URES: Resultant Displacement 0.000e+00mm 1.192e-03mm
Node: 1 Node: 349
 simulation pin.1-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1

Name Type Min Max

Strain1 ESTRN: Equivalent Strain 3.514e-07 3.032e-04
Element: 9198 Element: 11698

simulation pin.1-Static 1-Strain-Strain1

 • Solving for the flexual stress 𝑆𝑓 of the pin connector
𝑴
Flexual stress, 𝒔𝒇 = 𝑰
𝑪

𝑃𝐿 (460.3𝑁)(30𝑚𝑚)
Maximum moment, 𝑀 = =
4 4

𝑀 = 3452.25 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
Moment of inertia, I
𝝅𝒅𝟒 𝜋(10𝑚𝑚)4
𝑰= = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚4
𝟔𝟒 64
𝑑 10 𝑚𝑚
Neutral axis, 𝐶 = = = 5 𝑚𝑚
2 2

𝑴 3452.25 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝒇 = =
𝑰⁄ 490.87𝑚𝑚4
𝑪 ( )
5𝑚𝑚
𝑵
𝑺𝒇 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟐𝟔
𝒎𝒎𝟐

• Solving for shear stress, 𝑆𝑠

𝑷
𝑺𝒔 =
𝑨𝒔
Where:
𝑆𝑠 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

460.3𝑁 𝑵
𝑆𝑠 = 𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟗
2( 4)(10𝑚𝑚)2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

• Solving for bearing stress, 𝑆𝑏

𝑷
𝑺𝒃 =
𝑨𝒃
Where:
𝑆𝑏 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑛
𝑡 = 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔

460.3𝑁 𝑵
𝑆𝑏 = = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟓
2(4 × 10)𝑚𝑚2 𝒎𝒎𝟐
3. Solving for the stresses on blade
Model Information

Model name: plate f.7

Current Configuration: Default
Solid Bodies
Document Name and Document Path/Date
Treated As Volumetric Properties
Reference Modified
Boss-Extrude2
Mass:0.282628 kg
C:\Users\LASCONIA\Desktop\s
Volume:3.67049e-05 m^3
imulation\Assem1-Static
Solid Body Density:7,700 kg/m^3
1\plate f.7.SLDPRT
Weight:2.76975 N
Feb 9 03:37:40 2022
Loads and Fixtures
Fixture name Fixture Image Fixture Details
Entities: 1 face(s)
Type: Fixed Geometry
Fixed-1

Resultant Forces
Components X Y Z Resultant
Reaction force(N) 5.53206e-07 -130 -3.93018e-06 130
Reaction Moment(N.m) 0 0 0 0

Load name Load Image Load Details

Type: Apply force
Values: 60 N

Force-1

Type: Apply force

Values: 120 N

Force-2

Type: Apply force

Values: 180 N

Force-3

Type: Apply force

Values: 230 N

Force-4
Study Results

Name Type Min Max

Stress1 VON: von Mises Stress 2.338e+03N/m^2 2.182e+08N/m^2
Node: 22281 Node: 45325

plate f.7-Static 1-Stress-Stress1

Name Type Min Max

Displacement1 URES: Resultant Displacement 0.000e+00mm 2.111e+00mm
Node: 1 Node: 22174
 plate f.7-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1

Name Type Min Max

Strain1 ESTRN: Equivalent Strain 7.528e-09 7.186e-04
Element: 23302 Element: 7113

plate f.7-Static 1-Strain-Strain1

Calculation:
Force required to cut a sugarcane= 177.2 N
ϴ = 8.61 deg.
∈ 𝑀𝑃 = 0
𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠(8.61)(35) = 𝐹1(13) + 𝐹2(20) + 𝐹3(27)
𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠(8.61)(35) = 60(13) + 120(20) + 177.2(27)
𝑁 = 230.15𝑁 → 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑵𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟑𝟎. 𝟏𝟓(𝟐) = 𝟒𝟔𝟎. 𝟑𝑵

4. Diagonal Support Bar.

Model Information

Model name: plate f.1. frame

Current Configuration: Default
Solid Bodies
Document Name and Document Path/Date
Treated As Volumetric Properties
Reference Modified
Boss-Extrude8
Mass:2.4373 kg
C:\Users\LASCONIA\Desktop\
Volume:0.000316532 m^3
practice\pneumatic\plate
Solid Body Density:7,700 kg/m^3
f\plate f.1. frame.SLDPRT
Weight:23.8855 N
Feb 27 15:31:12 2022

Loads and Fixtures

Fixture name Fixture Image Fixture Details
Entities: 2 face(s)
Type: Fixed Geometry
Fixed-1

Resultant Forces
Components X Y Z Resultant
Reaction force(N) 470.01 0.0104141 -0.00728226 470.01
Reaction Moment(N.m) 0 0 0 0
 Load name Load Image Load Details
Entities: 1 face(s)
Reference: Edge< 1 >
Type: Apply force
Force-1 Values: 235 N

Entities: 1 face(s)
Reference: Edge< 1 >
Type: Apply force
Force-2 Values: 235 N

Study Results

Name Type Min Max

Stress1 VON: von Mises Stress 2.978e+01N/m^2 3.954e+07N/m^2
Node: 4483 Node: 61339

plate f.1. frame-Static 1-Stress-Stress1

Name Type Min Max

Displacement1 URES: Resultant Displacement 0.000e+00mm 1.372e-01mm
Node: 83 Node: 739
Name Type Min Max

plate f.1. frame-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1

Name Type Min Max

Strain1 ESTRN: Equivalent Strain 1.118e-10 1.383e-04
Element: 5975 Element: 22876

plate f.1. frame-Static 1-Strain-Strain1

 • Solving for the flexual stress 𝑆𝑓 of the pin connector
𝑴
Flexual stress, 𝒔𝒇 = 𝑰
𝑪
470
𝑃𝐿 ( )(750𝑚𝑚)
2
Maximum moment, 𝑀 = =
4 4

𝑀 = 44062.5 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
Moment of inertia, I
𝝅𝒃𝒉𝟑 𝜋(6)(40)3
𝑰= = = 100530.96 𝑚𝑚4
𝟏𝟐 12
ℎ 40 𝑚𝑚
Neutral axis, 𝐶 = = = 20 𝑚𝑚
2 2

𝑴 44062.5 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝒇 = =
𝑰⁄ 100530.96 𝑚𝑚4
𝑪 ( )
20𝑚𝑚
𝑵
𝑺𝒇 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟕
𝒎𝒎𝟐

• Solving for shear stress, 𝑆𝑠

𝑷
𝑺𝒔 =
𝑨𝒔
Where:
𝑆𝑠 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

470 𝑵
𝑆𝑠 = =𝟏
2(6𝑥40) 𝒎𝒎𝟐