CHAPTER-III

METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION: Research methodology refers to controlled investigation related to the

ways of obtaining organizing and analysing data this chapter deals with methodological
approach adopted for the study.

RESEARCH APPROACH:
It involve the description of the plan to investigate the phenomenon under study in a
structured, unstructured or a combination of the two methods.
Quantitative research approach is used in the presence study.

RESEARCH DESIGN:
Quantitative research design and descriptive research design Descriptive study was
undertaken to
assess the level of stress among staff nurses in UPUMS hospital
Saifai Etawah,non experimental.

VARIABLES UNDER STUDY

Research variable: Assess the level of stress.

Attribute variable:
Pre-existing characteristics of the entity under investigation which the researcher simply
observed and measured that is age, sex,religion, marital status,education status.

SETTING OF THE STUDY

•The Study setting is the location in which the data collection takes place.

•The present study was conducted in the selected hospital of UPUMS saifai.

POPULATION

Target Population:
•The target population is defined as the entire aggregation of cases those meet design as
criteria.
•The target population of the study includes hospital staff nurses of UPUMS saifai etawah.
•Staff nurses are age group of 20-60 years.

Accessible Population:
•Accessible population is defined as the aggregate of cases that conform to designated
criteria and also accessible as subject for a study.
•The staff nurses who are working in UPUMS hospital Saifai,Etawah.

SAMPLE:The study was conducted in UPUMS saifai etawah,who will fulfil in

inclusive/exclusive criteria.
 • SAMPLE SIZE:
Sample refers to a subset of the population selected to participate in research study. The
sample of this study composed of 60 staff nurses of UPUMS saifai etawah.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
Sampling refers to the process of selecting a portion of population to represent the entire
population. There are broad categories for selecting sample that is non-probability or non-
random sampling technique.
In this study the non-probability type of convenience sampling technique was utilized for the
selection of the subjects.

INCLUSION CRITERIA:
● Nurses who are present at the time of data collection.

●Nurses who are age group of 20-60 years.

●Nurses who are interested to participate in study.

●Only staff nurses among in UPUMS Hospital Saifai.

●Both male and female staff nurse.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA
●Staff nurses who are holding higher education degree.

●Higher official such as - ANS, DNS, ward in charge.

●Nurses are not present during data collection.
●Nurses are not willing to participate in the study.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Perceived stress scale:

A more precise measure of personal stress can be determined by using a variety of
instruments that have been designed to help measure individual stress levels. The first of
these is called the Perceived Stress Scale.

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a classic stress assessment instrument. The tool, while
originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how
different situations affect our feelings and our perceived stress. The questions in this scale
ask about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. In each case, you will be asked
to indicate how often you felt or thought a certain way. Although some of the questions are
similar, there are differences between them and you should treat each one as a separate
question. The best approach is to answer fairly quickly. That is, don't try to count up the
number of times you felt a particular way; rather indicate the alternative that seems like a
reasonable estimate.

• For each question choose from the following alternatives:

● O-never

● 1-almost never

● 2-sometimes

● 3-fairly often

● 4-very often

1- In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that
happened unexpectedly?

2- In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the Important
things in your life?

3- In the last month, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?

4-In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your
personal problem?

5- In the last month, how often have you felt that things were going your way?

6- In the last month, how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things
that you had to do?

7- In the last month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life?

8- In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things?

9. In the last month, how often have you been angered because of things that happened that
were outside of your control?

10- In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up sohigh that you could
not overcome them?

• Figuring Your PSS Score You can determine your PSS score by following these directions:

✔ First, reverse your scores for questions 4, 5, 7, and 8. On the questions, change the
scores like this 0-4, 1-3, 2-2, 3-1,4-0.

✔ Now add up your scores for each item to get a total. My total score is.....

✔ Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher
perceived.

*Scores ranging from 0-13 would be considered low stress.

*Scores ranging from 14-26 would be considered moderate stress.

* Scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress.

The Perceived Stress Scale is interesting and important because your perception of what is
happening in your life is most important. Consider the idea that two individuals could have
the exact same events and experiences in their lives for the past month. Depending on their
perception, total score could put one of those individuals in the low stress category
and the total score could put the second person in the high stress category.
Disclaimer: The scores on the following and reflect any particular diagnose or course of
treatment. They are neat as a tool to help assess your level of stress. If you have any further
concerns about your current well being, you may contact EAP and talk confidentially to one
of our specialist.

CONTENT VALIDITY:
It is a care of experts judgement about the content area included in the research instrument
to measures a particular phenomenon tool are validated are 5 expert who are working
faculty in college of nursing and master in psychiatry nursing.

RELIABILITY:It is the degree of consistency and accuracy with which an instruments

measures the attributes for which in is designed to measures. Reliability of tool has been
done by split half method.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Permission was obtained from hospital UPUMS saifai etawah fared before the initiation of
the study.Informed consent has been taken from the study subject.
Before conduction of the study,
Staff nurses under study were assured about the confidentiality of the information gathered
and that it was used only for the purpose of the study.

Staff nurses who included in the study were informed about their right to refuse or withdraw
at any time.

PILOT STUDY:
Formal approval was obtained from hospital UPUMS saifai, etawah. final permission also
obtained from MS sir before starting the project 60,sample were selected by convenience
sample technique in hospital. Nurse the purpose of the study was explained to the subject
and consent obtained researchers also ensured about subject result confidentiality.

PROCEDURE OF FINAL DATA COLLECTION:

The permission will be ethical community than permission government hospital. Nursing
superintendent and MS sir.60 sample will selected by simple random sampling technique in
government hospital staff nurses. The purpose of the study will be explained to the subject
and consent will be obtained. Researcher will be assuring about subjects result
confidentiality.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:

Descriptive statistics such as frequencies % mean, median and standard deviation such as
chi-square were done. Information collected data were questionnaire.

SUMMARY:
The chapter deal with description of research approach and design variables of the study
research setting target, population, sampling technique, sample size, inclusion criteria's,
exclusion criteria, selection and development of the tool description of the tool validity.

Tool reliability of the tool, tool translation, ethical consideration, data collection, data
collection procedure and plan for data analysis.