A Blick — 4 GEL beck clenends e Ad Bock elements ave Called Transition Clements because | die in blu s @? le sefini om f Transition clement - ENT unt ACT a Block. oO Tue T clement whieh sts Atleast one unfeived 2© mM A cubshet| ele in enicedel ctate ov mM grad Skee. a Ty ove nak Frnsifim element @ = They ave called psvedo Tran sition element (ate) fe? | wiyh ge SE 7 8 $ 40 WH 12 Ms Th ov ey om fe co Niocy WMH SE @A& oy ay sh me Te by Re fA AY Cd M wo uf tT w ke OS ay Pk AW " “vig penvikimale Valence shell shell + peiod 2 sorixp ECE P so oT vocy mA fe co Ni Cu tH — se Teaty Vo twee wT fee. a re oNfo Teay Vee wr Ree wag ct period fd scales yy ck @Q zy MB oro Te ky eA RA Ay ed fered SA senicp Le ~ hg Le uf Ta W Re os ty Pe Av 4H av twa Varna Re osama SEE Rae avy at pened cd senep Ac— cw Ae bf Gh MS Mt Ds Rq Cn ww as deb at echt en ag i fa ae exception of GEO) (RO aoe Mo Te | ft th AaB Navaby Vy ave Hawt Tak Role TIE Pete Recap pig rv == === a woe ee: — B® os vigbagprohion cel a ane ‘aif: itt Gas = ann ig AD Aaalucl a aveto ou Fillet ste billy = B 1 er inom Metalcomment eto @ explain Mow co ip Wansttion, elem ene s wo sdysl > cut a ays? > cu BB ys as re es @ — sdrenth ca | < Mo of onpairea 2g LL Size. Aelafilemetive C REE ye bo ql? com figuvast ow © w tighert me ee Voure a mp wo ad L4d (Sd ao: He sa: € , soo ko unised'on tokbel ag ” Sy | a op Like — v= \] me,mee ty Mr, > I freon Tramsihon Elewmewkp theta Metal bovairg up ong ET fo ehh 1 2 2B oa doa @ se> TW) VD ct tm > Fea cw=Nni 4 &2w — ——__ ~~ (similar size) te fF sizey —— ZeEE size ¥ <2 PD Df zap * [tag d tog Totti ABN oe canta nares og Deane sonia " Be Gta) 4a +4357 Sd FZ 7 » 8 ied * {s4 24d > 34} size Le > poor of 4 sub shell e& si : Trends in atomic radit of transition elements * s bs Rk Ca mamamnen no progressive decrease in radius with increasing atomic number, iene pea “able 8.2: Hlectronic Configurations and soime other Properties of the First Serlee of Transition Blemente = cc ee Cr (rain?) Hlectronie configuration v Me dt tts atts Bas oath! atast tts! asst sits aat4s He = Mote ete ad! ae ates! Bea ote! tte’ 90” a : we od ge ae at oe tae ae at a para ww ade eet athalpy of atomization, 3°/45 met" gajy um DM lonisation Enthalpies sf 5 @, Mr an aa Enthalpy of stomisation, 91/"7es mot" 7183 Pes aot @ ' BBB = seminary 10h eT gem -1.69 -1.18 -0.90 “oar -026 -0.41 Density/e em? aaa 41 607 719 Bo see meva eve Peod once WERT Y > Zepe T rer se se dws v dey Can Cfe AP conbee IG a ian. mz moa 738700 -ias 044-028-025 wis sam er Tat 78 8780 wd feds & HY 2M oo esse ase? 10.04 076 ao 7m NY = WU > 2H tar ort Coy NM LVZw yu 4s? ade > — = é re Hn ad us ae Fe 346 ud drs, J} 4é nin wSush fet = rays 2 (re U Ltr ° xt 6 as? fefe 4s Lt, weer {38 4 * a CsA * 1% wm> £e si LAG ce explain sy Ih 4 or kw mt Te, gs Ss tiple «Fo eyplain it TE 4 a tiple» @ err sta! Sy oF FE, ma fap fies L Bas ctaby gO? aM ys! > Tam deo tig > folt fillet Sa bully 1% an Bite 3 fo fillet stability ae amt2 2dl® [extention stare ips on ylek one anita wit qreprto a © «—B8— » ost os) + + | 45 % Tatty t3t6 Rilo alt ee > a V tS ya qo|t7 nite cote % picack Tamsin ele met tnaving Variable Valeny z ada a tyme oN a7 oRidakim, Stale. x Sean dim A nak Typicad Transition — Elewret because mi Mwy 48S, +3 a ad = BD TR 3 R04 a 8. os a 48 4 Oss 4 a ee thee hatte Me rE eotr i 4 w ree shave thaw, TT + HT? 1 e ® NUH Cy ort? Z eth Lo wt = Mo = SET Stati LS a omdising powny 4 . eo* > ip a pe On, ze a + wi, & @ iP explain oxng yeurer of +5 +o. +7 ~ Vogt Loy C wwe, ———___> onic Sing Power, . a ; 1 + <+blam wy mno5 tp Stable mmf) doe smaky 2 ___ MMi297 rnFy “pull bond sige bond £ steric Bae | eet eey Stabisil Tv sy &Trends in the M 2+/M Standard Electrode Potentials ® An 2d seviep element a, =Ve SRP valve excebt a. a (+e 2 bet Quan 453 8.4 The EDM" /M va far copers paste (40.3), What pss Bee ‘reason for this? (Hingreomstdee its kigh SAC nd oy 4,9) by, ee +2 W290 2, @ We o> 8 war a we @ weit 4 s & bMyyohin, cam wee ovevcone son of Tere, + Wa, © {v= 3h aleve BP AMC SS dll Hyg. No evolykton fa ue It is interesting to note that the value of E foriMa, Niand Zn are ‘more negative than expected from the trend The stablity ofthe half-filled d sub-shell in Mn andthe completely filled d 10 configuration in Zn2+ are related to their E'¥ values, whereas E' for Niis related tothe highest negative AhydH © negative Abydk ; get? _. ee + : —_»® eS An examination of the E°(M”/M*) values {Table 8.2 shows the varying . trends. The low value for Sc reflects the stability of Sc’* which has a noble gas configuration. The highest value for Zn is due to the removalee eg eseerrees relies . trends. The low value for Sc reflects the a lity of Sc* which has a noble gas configuration. The highest value for Zn is due to the removal of an electron from the stable d'° config) of Zn’, he omparatel ith vale for Mn shows that Min“) i pray stable, wherea ly low value for Fe shows the extra stability of Fe* @. The ively low value for V is related to the stability of V* Chalt-flled fy evel Unit 9). Hoc] o> Iwo 2 due to Wobel qb ss aa Cant ute a Highest 3 dve $ Pemued f elect On from al? unt antes High 2 due fy Peroves electron fron A > Fesl RA» low = ee do tush statis in dS (fet) ee | ® Higher exidehion Skate GRY t+ 04 A CMwyTy a nist ronobelidec (cut) osainertc Kase =} Another feature of fluorides is their instability in the low oxidation states e.g., VX2 (X = Cl, Br or |) ent * Vex & cof ove stable than cof in “aqueous, wactivin, Rease ee ai +2, peace ra co rn 7 OG ned chet L 3d" qst aa" 343 sre Je dine TAB AAWe 2 Jona Hydvedion High Wyre > Move Stable # cuP es wore Gable than, tla, due to High Hy Arodion, eect witcle overmMe Vigh seond TE ‘Trends inthe M3+/M2s Standard Electrode Potentials © sc43| ccf? > fow valve Pan on nigh valve oO hee o wotS| ny —> _High ale e fet Fe —F Www value * 2° | mt weey] wt? ‘we ose @) ‘ ‘On ek eo ‘An exainination ofthe E° values for the redox couple M™/M™" (Table 8.2) shows that Mn” and Co” tong are the strongest oxidising agents in aqueous solutions. ‘The ions T¥", V" and Cr° are strong redueing agents and will iberate hydrogen from a difute acid, e.. 2 Cr tag) + 2 lag) 92 Cr"tag + Hila) High SRP enkey five 6 349 ©) ewes fist Magnetic Properties w= J vont) (BH Spimowly Hague tic Memeut Para. Raper Mo aa | (>) mnt S wna sas wJ 26 Fe® GD Se aaS ys? be Singnt2 x ¥ = 7e 2 pene li +. cw x ae 387 2 Honest ti deo ao a Steg b= county Fe® of * eeduig = ext? THT & _— ne weahonpelvd Cxdewd 4 Para moa netic befavio No t unpaired e® eked,2 fies eet fie 3 a Me 4g az Me 56g we * calor of ion depondg _vbow “yo oN 2 Fe" + S,0,° + 280, concusim~ fe"? converted MES to Ta. CO 2 ules => _Interstiel compounds are those which are formed when small atoms Cor are trapped inside the crystal lattices of metals example, TIC, Mndlt,Fe3H, VHO 56 and THL.7 —e506— jb Fev PROPERTIES p (i) They have high melting points, higher than those of pure metals. ret ) They are very hard, some borides approach diamond in hardness. ) They retain metalic conductivity (io) They are chemieallyiner’ _, gexve cle ebvckel , Alloy Formation > vowog event ® brass (copper-zinc) ©) _ bronze (copper-tin) © German sivey cv Ni ze @ wen metal cu 8 © an wet cv on 2M ‘Oxides and Oxoanions of Metals $ 4. ——> ENT Pn #2 All the metals exceot scandium form MO oxides which are ionicENT Bn y oo Allthe metals except a form MO oxides which are ionic te “ts Lc Lino NAT ACT. a * Maximum oxidation no coincides with erp no in 3d series obo Ky only. ae #7 Se, = —— — Hm?4 ye qr +3 fe —> Fe 202 am cf om vox" 2 Vo > the oxocations stabilise WV as VO? +, VIV as VO2+ and Ti Vas. Yo,* yot* Tioz+ see qi* my ‘ rae #2 Tot > MO covalent qe ol. 2 cr, 2vvg > low HP +s +6 +S ra +1 3 Vee Levey, < M204 eee Ac 5 rs 45 Voit _ nl Ww < wos Sas ac = MM,% + V0 > MH, Og 2 CHNMe4) = cx, + Ho org, | Were > sn. tn nd os re 1H, ad aoe eerie * —_—— mm Ss ) «4,ao mi. x Preparation of Potassium dichromate K2Cr207 sg coda, a yell step 4 FeC1204 + 8 Na2CO3 + 7 02 > 8 Na2GiO4 +2 Fe203 +8 C0; chrowike oye step? ACIDIFICATION AND FILTRATION Cys) 2Na2crOa + yell ovange al U extol - wnt Wao 1 2H,9 ret i+ > Na2Cr207 +2 Na+ + H20 - in oY Vo, t + * tow -3 voy Fe cri = feo: 2% * - Gs Note = Na, cy, Lp Move solude than Ktyer, step 3 Na2Cr207 +2 KCI-> K2C;207 +2 NaCl 4 solution depending upon pH ofthe sluion A 28 salen cyg, = O97 A, = “x yO PLT ont yellou > 0 wi ww) oe Yello eae hE ony orangeec Struck uv! p> 9 ° ° gf 0 oy 2 =2 i Ro oe a =tto <~ ct —0' cyte te e eu Qe a ee ° ° ee * ; B™ 6 cro bond (deullen’ Yevro Bond Hemi? dve 4D Resonance, Potassium dichromate Is used as. 4 primary standard in volumetricanalysis. not Na, CYL} Kya" 1 ber More Solvbole Hyg vO Sespic, eut= 6 sadn acti * xs 43 oxidising action +O @ =e (C1207 2-4 14H+ + 6e- > 20134 + 7H20 vs oridising ation ¢ Keen eq im atdic Mediu. “2 (6) ws Wee sagt Fe Ste Sy. Kiera ut (9) 2 S wh tT a ee ont cox vexmig erect 8 Kc Koc + tn + OD + + L 2 me tem(=) many yettoo green, Nv coy end ~ lor due Ab chase Ransfir — if Eee Up colvrel then the cola Ip due do cham. Transfev. 46 qt #1 +l Cro oey > rng a a a Red ie Neto orang, pink Colour if de $9 change Transfer fom Ligand Jo metal Ee of-2 Ore —aenther fe yacout A orbital Ff Hetal Hyena chant Feawsfey ® felt ko Meta chang Tromsfer CMMCT) _ v4 fe4( fe cn), — Sevell . SF due kD MCT @ cobuy Ave to polavyigahow + GW wo & wlite. Yellow Yer % if d' do dA? Lealovred then aveto aed% if di fo A> Felovred Alen dueto ded Teams tion at chow ee tek C eit for 19) tem y ot ME compos ra ° os Carona One wie = ate Kowa t aysq + nec! —> a Ged, vaboo” ofoureh due do Linet ) ine Bpehe acy ROR +6 # kur hS%4 + ny =~? MBE > See alee —h P due to LCT) 4 OL ne 2k2Mn04 + 2H20 (on= Knox] sees ao ¥ + 1 Step2 *™ sumo + aH > 20d + be + 2420 Ken wmeg grceiw +. Aveo d-d Tamsition dispoch “* mote nmozt — 2 Hog me * o « @ ‘Commercially it is prepared by the alkaline oxidative fidon of MnO, followed by the electrolytic axidation of manganate (VD). * used with HOH, cise ‘teil onan M0, Ps sino Moy — SH 9, manganatc_jon manganate permanganate fon ae Pink | Pucble fe fl tito +952082-+ 820-9 hnO4~+ 10504 2-+ tbmetos | sb of Zi (eorrer yet eerie nmacaar mise va * i Ky Keno piak, Heating effect [ens vie aren * ack) structure 3 + 4 a Tebrarherva a we a * t 7 3 46 r \ bog? o= any o= HW —o ry wang vate maguabe \- tog aed tow qren en iow “ nybrialeotion a's Oxi ing action of kmnoa+41 tne, ae aarp et ative MNO 4-4 « felay a FeB-Hle, on a3 LF ae © a es Hedda Hine > ( eyer® ) acid ed ote ox oe = ‘ igs 4 KMn0,'solution * 302 (b) NO2 (c) P:0s (@ CO: (NEET2017)AK 4(O_ Whichone ofthe allowingoni poses linge colour to an agucoussolution? A l® Ne) Zn" (b) Cu" 6) Ti" 2B) cr (1998) 2 = a 2 - Assuming complete ionisation, same moles of which of the following compounds will require the least amount of acidified KMnO. for complete oxidation? (a) FeSO; (b) FeC:0s (©) Fe(NOz)2 FeSOs (2015) 4 55 The number of moles of KMnO, reduced by one KID+ Eine, > we ee mmole of KI in alkaline mediumis (a) one (b) two ys tt (©) five (@ one fifth. (2005) 3 “Ye fey molenmed naleR 3 = KC HgCl and Iz both when dissolved in water (sez) ions th pag pie fred is kot Mgh > baMgly, (©) Hel, (@) Hel ~~ wweersom & KE+f2—F kT — cul Which, of the following ion does not exist? Aa (Cul () Voy (©) WO? (@) CrO2 (2013)