~~~~Li □~~[b ~~Li□WDLiW :U~ continued

RESULTS

Experimental results
Combination Alcohol Carboxylic acid Smell

1
2

3
4

DISCUSSION

1 Salicylic acid has the formula C6HiOH)COOH. Complete the table by

writing equations for each of the reactions you performed in this experiment
and naming the esters formed. (Esters made from salicylic acid end with the
name salicylate.)

Esters produced
Combination Equation Name of ester formed

...
2 What is the role of the concentrated sulfuric acid in these reactions?

CONCLUSION
······················
Write a general equation for the formation of an ester from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

144 HEINEMANN CHEMISTRY 2 Workbook 3rd edition rr.n, ,,..;,...,hJ.. 1M n- --- - - A

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Preparing artificial fragrances and
flavours
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS
················•··•······ ......... , .
Esters are commonly used as artificial flavourings in foods such as ice-cream and • small volumes of the
sweets. They are parti{lly responsible for many familiar odours, including those of coffee, alcohols pentan- 1-ol
perfumes and fruit. (n-amylalcohof and
ethanol
PURPOSE
················
• small amounts (in small
plastic dropper bottles) of
...
To prepare several esters that are widely used as artificial fragrances and flavours.
various carboxylic acids:
glacial ethanoic (acetic)
acid and decanoic acid
PRE-LAB SAFETY INFORMATION
• salicylic acid
Material used Hazard - Control • dropping bottle of
concentrated sulfuric acid
Concentrated
sulfuric acid • 6 x semi-micro test-tubes
• semi-micro test-tube rack
Glacial ethanoic • small tongs
acid
• 250 ml beaker containing
Salicylic acid 100 ml of boiling water
• 2 x 250 ml beakers
•~~-~--~~~~ . ,c·,wr~, • ..,:n•rrnn··•c,.fi!Ht""~
• marking pen
Decanoic acid
• safety glasses
• safety gloves
pentan-l-ot
As directed by your teacher,
complete the risk assessment
Ethanol and management table by
referring to the hazard labels
Esters Irritating to eyes, respiratory system " Smell esters produced for a on the reagent bottles or the
and skin ii very short time (1-2 seconds) materials safety data sheets
(MSDS) or your teacher's risk
Complete and indicate that you have understood the information in the safety table.
assessment for the activity.
Name (print):

I understand the safety information (signature):

PROCEDURE
····················
&•
DURATION
...............
1 Label two semi-micro test-tubes 'A' and 'B'. Place 10 drops of pentan- l -ol in each tube.
2 Wearing gloves, add 10 drops of glacial ethanoic acid to test-tube A and a similar volume 30 minutes
of salicylic acid to test-tube B. Then add two drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to each
tube.
3 Heat the mixtures for 10 minutes in a beaker of boiling water and then pour each one
into a 2~0 ml beaker containing 200 ml of cold water.
4 Try to identify the odour of the esters produced by cautiously wafting the vapour from
the ester towards you. Note the name of the carboxylic acid and alcohol. used in this test
and describe the smell of the ester in the results table on page 144.
5 Wash out the beakers thoroughly and repeat steps 1-4 using clean semi-micro test·
tubes and other combinations of alcohols and carboxylic acids. Record the results.

Copyright© Pearson Australia 2016 Unit 4 Area of Study 1: How can the diversity of carbon compounds be explained and categorised? 143