HEAT TRANSFER IN NATURAL CONVECTION INTRODUCTION Experiment No. 4 Date : 11 \e|2022 Introducti In contrast to the forced convection, natural convection phenomenon is due to the temperature difference between the surface and the fluid and is not created by any external agency. Natural convection flow paiters for some commonly observed situations are shown in fig. 1 The present experimental set up is designed and fabricated to study the natural convection phenomenon from a vertical cylinder in terms of the variation of local heat transfer coefficient along the length and also the average heat transfer coefficient and its comparison with the value obtained by using an appropriate correlation. Apparatus : ‘The apparatus consists of a S.S. tube fitted in a rectangular duct in a vertical fashion. The duet is open at the top and bottom and forms an enclosure and serve the purpose of undisturbed surrounding. One side of the duct is made up of Perspex for visualization, An electric heating element is kept in the vertical tube which in turn heats the tube surface. ‘The heat is lost from the tube to the surrounding air by natural convection, The temperature of the vertical tube is measured by seven thermocouples. The heat input to the heater is measured by an ammeter and a voltmeter and is varied by a dimmerstat. ‘The vertical eylinder with the thermécouple, positions are shown in fi 2. whith ta** posible low pattem and also the expected variation of local heat transfer coefficient is shown i fig. 3, the tube surface is polished to minimize the radiation losses, Fer= average surface heat wansfer enetHietents & q= heat transfer rate Watts ‘A= area of the heat wansfrring surf © OT ‘T= average surfiice temperature "C Tsetse hr h+ie+h ‘i 7 "CT, = ambient temperature in the duct ye ‘The surface hea transfer eoeMiclent ofthe system transferring heat by natural cor =s:i0m depends on the shape. ‘dimensions and orientation of the fluid and the temperauune ah Teaween heat wansfering suse and the Oud, The dependanee of “HO? all the parameters is generally expressed infers of von-diniensional groups. as follows: (eel ht 1, Bealled the Nusselt number SE eat Graton aa characteristic dimension of the surfaces. k= thermal conductivity ofthe Maid. V_ = kinematic viseosity of the uid, t= dynamic viscosity of the fluid, p= specific heat of the Muid. B =coefficient of volumetric expansion for the fluid. g= acceleration due to gravity. t-TsT For gases, B= 1/(Tr+273) 2 Te(Te4 TV ‘Tris the film temperature. e “~ For a vertical cylinder losing heat by natural, convection, the constants A and n of ie equation (2) have been determined andthe following empirical corelations obtained. #-059(6,p,)fori0' <0,P <10" eoteaeaee = pa ee H=01s(6,p,)%tor0 <6? <10" ae ‘ \ : . _ #Ae propel ofthe dare denn beng CF Procedure: 1. Pot on the supply and adjust the dimmerstat to obtain the required eat 40w,60w,70w), 2. Watt he steady state is reached which s confirmed fram temperature readings(Tist071): 3. Measure surface temperature at the various points T) (0 Tr. 4. Note the ambient temperature Ty. '§. Repeat the experiment at different heat inputs. [do not exceed 80watts) ‘Observations: ©. Daglinder = 38 mm Length ef the cylinder = $00 mm Input to heater = 20. !2watts ot VE whereV= UP — vols, t= 0.44 amps. Diammerstat position = CTit Tet Tat TytTe + Tet G : a 2 %.96 feob Q> VI Oe Wie eTE | pe length Le S00mm Di d= 38mm = quen Ar Wal = Car @eniP) Con) = 5.466K 107 4 = ae a «Heat poner coco! ACe-G) (21-12) i Ct he oaest ln BB faicion, by thant! OV ony hop all gear) (2) y (Teal . FUOi : oe ii Oh Pe 0salep™ — + Cidhe Gepciat) 2 (0.59) (24-2 WP* 2 (0.59) C1- TD = = dy. 1043 iy) Ds ww 0ty 466 4 abn ¥ . "y hye 4 Aryl) an )la6- a ce) ‘Tg? GLI alr) (6.966 x2) ( 7-40) ai O Tee WSC Sie i ee) Gator CNS D Fe nc ae , es — eee ete 2 6-91 i Depta) (sacar Cr“? Te