2 3
Application and types of problems
Basic Engineering
Mathematics -BEM
Module 3 – Imaginary and Complex
Numbers
Prepared By:
ENGR. DOMINGO R. POJARDA
Assistant Professor II BUCENG
The polar form of a complex number z = a + bi is
z = r(cosθ + isinθ) .
1. Definition and meaning
2. Simplifying powers of i So, first find the absolute value of r.
3. Operation with complex numbers
4. Trigonometric interpretation of
complex number
5. Polar form of complex number
6. Operation with complex numbers
in polar form
7. Powers and roots of complex
numbers. Now find the argument θ.
Exercise 1: Simplify the ff Since a > 0, use the formula θ = tan−1(b/a) .
θ = tan−1(2/5)    ≈ 21.80
Therefore, the polar form of 5 + 2i is about
5.39(cos(21.8) + isin(21.8)) .
Product of two complex numbers in polar form
Forms of the complex Number r1 (cos 1  i sin 1 )] [r2 (cos  2  i sin  2 )]
 r1r2 [cos(1   2 )  i sin(1   2 )]
Rectangular Form: NC = a + bi
Trigonometric form or polar Form:
NC = rcosθ + risinθ Quotient of two complex numbers in polar form
= r(cosθ +isinθ)
= rcis r1 (cos 1  i sin 1 )
where: r2 (cos  2  i sin  2 )
a = rcosθ; b = rsinθ; r2 = a2 + b2
r1
= [cos(1   2 )  i sin(1   2 )]
r2
Example:
Express the complex number 5+2i in polar form
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Power of a complex number in polar form

(cos   i sin  ) n  cos n  i sin n

(cos   i sin  )  m  cos(  m )  i sin(  m )

cos   cos(  360k ); sin   sin(  360 k )

where k = 0,1,2,3....

Exercise 2: Express in polar form

1
N R  6(  3i )
2

Exercise 3: Express in rectangular form

NP  6(cos60  i sin 60)

Exercise 4: Multiply the following:

[2(cos300 + isin300 )] [3(cos600 +isin600 )]

Exercise 5: Divide the following:

4(cos1000  i sin1000 )
2(cos550  i sin 550 )

Exercise 5: Simplify

[2(cos120  i sin120)]5

Exercise 6: Find the five fifth roots in polar forms

16 3 16i