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NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O

Safety Data Sheet


according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) with its amendment Regulation (EU) 2015/830
SDS Ref.: 001102
Issue date: 6/16/2011 Revision date: 7/8/2020 Supersedes: 8/21/2018 Version: 6.0

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking

1.1. Product identifier


Product form : Substance
Substance name : NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O
EC Index-No. : 028-009-00-5
EC-No. : 232-104-9
CAS-No. : 10101-97-0
REACH registration No : 01-2119439361-44-

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
1.2.1. Relevant identified uses
Use of the substance/mixture : Industrial

1.2.2. Uses advised against


No additional information available

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet


A.M.P.E.R.E. INDUSTRIE
5/7 RUE DE BRETAGNE - P.A. DES BETHUNES
95310 SAINT-OUEN L'AUMÔNE - FRANCE
T 33 (0)1 34 32 38 00 - F 33 (0)1 30 37 14 96
fds@ampere.com

1.4. Emergency telephone number


Emergency number

Country Official advisory body Address Emergency number Comment


United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 0344 892 0111

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture


Classification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 [CLP]Mixtures/Substances: SDS EU 2015: According to Regulation (EU)
2015/830 (REACH Annex II)
Carcinogenicity (inhalation) Category 1A H350i
Germ cell mutagenicity, Category 2 H341
Reproductive toxicity, Category 1B H360D
Specific target organ toxicity — Repeated exposure, Category 1 H372
Acute toxicity (inhal.), Category 4 H332
Acute toxicity (oral), Category 4 H302
Skin corrosion/irritation, Category 2 H315
Respiratory sensitisation, Category 1 H334
Skin sensitisation, Category 1 H317
Hazardous to the aquatic environment — Acute Hazard, Category 1 H400
Hazardous to the aquatic environment — Chronic Hazard, Category 1 H410
Full text of H statements : see section 16
Specific concentration limits:
( 0.01 ≤C ≤ 100) Skin Sens. 1, H317
( 0.1 ≤C < 1) STOT RE 2, H373
( 1 ≤C ≤ 100) STOT RE 1, H372
( 20 ≤C ≤ 100) Skin Irrit. 2, H315

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Adverse physicochemical, human health and environmental effects


No additional information available

2.2. Label elements


Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 [CLP]
Hazard pictograms (CLP) :

GHS08 GHS07 GHS09


Signal word (CLP) : Danger
Hazard statements (CLP) : H302+H332 - Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled.
H315 - Causes skin irritation.
H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction.
H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
H341 - Suspected of causing genetic defects.
H350i - May cause cancer by inhalation.
H360 - May damage the unborn child. (Perinatal lethality).
H372 - Causes damage to organs (respiratory tract) through prolonged or repeated
exposure (inhalation).
H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary statements (CLP) : P201 - Obtain special instructions before use.
P260 - Do not breathe spray, mist, fume, gas, dust, vapours.
P273 - Avoid release to the environment.
P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P285 - In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P302+P352 - IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P304+P341 - IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at
rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P308+P313 - IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P333+P313 - If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P342+P311 - If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or
doctor/physician.
P362+P364 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.
P391 - Collect spillage.
Extra phrases : Restricted to professional users.

2.3. Other hazards


This substance/mixture does not meet the PBT criteria of REACH regulation, annex XIII
This substance/mixture does not meet the vPvB criteria of REACH regulation, annex XIII

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients

3.1. Substances
Name : NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O
CAS-No. : 10101-97-0
EC-No. : 232-104-9
EC Index-No. : 028-009-00-5

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Name Product identifier % Classification according to


Regulation (EC) No.
1272/2008 [CLP]
Nickel sulphate hexahydrate (CAS-No.) 10101-97-0 100 Carc. 1A, H350i
(EC-No.) 232-104-9 Muta. 2, H341
(EC Index-No.) 028-009-00-5 Repr. 1B, H360D
(REACH-no) STOT RE 1, H372
01-2119439361-44 Acute Tox. 4 (Inhalation), H332
Acute Tox. 4 (Oral), H302
Skin Irrit. 2, H315
Resp. Sens. 1, H334
Skin Sens. 1, H317
Aquatic Acute 1, H400
Aquatic Chronic 1, H410

Specific concentration limits:


Name Product identifier Specific concentration limits
Nickel sulphate hexahydrate (CAS-No.) 10101-97-0 ( 0.01 ≤C ≤ 100) Skin Sens. 1, H317
(EC-No.) 232-104-9 ( 0.1 ≤C < 1) STOT RE 2, H373
(EC Index-No.) 028-009-00-5 ( 1 ≤C ≤ 100) STOT RE 1, H372
(REACH-no) 01-2119439361-44 ( 20 ≤C ≤ 100) Skin Irrit. 2, H315
Full text of H-statements: see section 16

3.2. Mixtures
Not applicable

SECTION 4: First aid measures

4.1. Description of first aid measures


First-aid measures general : Immediately remove contaminated clothing or footwear. Wash contaminated clothing before
reuse. Get immediate medical advice/attention.
First-aid measures after inhalation : Move the affected person away from the contaminated area and into the fresh air.
First-aid measures after skin contact : Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water.
First-aid measures after eye contact : Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Rinse immediately and
thoroughly, pulling the eyelids well away from the eye (15 minutes minimum). Get medical
advice/attention.
First-aid measures after ingestion : Rinse mouth out with water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If the
victim is unconscious : Place the affected person in the recovery position.

4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
No additional information available

4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No additional information available

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures

5.1. Extinguishing media


Suitable extinguishing media : Not combustible. The product itself does not burn. Use extinguishing media appropriate for
surrounding fire.
Unsuitable extinguishing media : No data available.

5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture


Fire hazard : In case of fire: May release harmful fumes (Sulphur oxides (SOx), Metal oxides).

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5.3. Advice for firefighters


Firefighting instructions : Prevent fire fighting water from entering the environment. Assure discharge complies with
applicable regulations.
Protection during firefighting : Wear a self contained breathing apparatus. Do not attempt to take action without suitable
protective equipment.

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures

6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures


6.1.1. For non-emergency personnel
Protective equipment : Refer to protective measures listed in Sections 7 and 8.
Emergency procedures : Avoid dust formation. Use appropriate ventilation.

6.1.2. For emergency responders


Protective equipment : For further information refer to section 8: "Exposure controls/personal protection".

6.2. Environmental precautions


Do not allow to enter drains or water courses.

6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up


Methods for cleaning up : Mechanically recover the product. Shovel into suitable and closed container for disposal.
Recycle or dispose of in compliance with current legislation.

6.4. Reference to other sections


No additional information available

SECTION 7: Handling and storage

7.1. Precautions for safe handling


Additional hazards when processed : Precautionary measures fire. / Explosion : Keep away from sources of ignition - No
smoking. Avoid dust formation.
Precautions for safe handling : Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety procedures.
Hygiene measures : Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Keep away from food, drink and animal
feeding stuffs. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Immediately remove contaminated clothing
or footwear. Wash hands before break and at end of works. Avoid breathing dust, mist or
spray. Emergency eye wash fountains and safety showers should be available in the
immediate vicinity of any potential exposure.

7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities


Storage conditions : Keep container tightly closed. Store in a cool, well-ventilated place.
Incompatible materials : Oxidising agents. Bases.
Special rules on packaging : Store always product in container of same material as original container.

7.3. Specific end use(s)


No additional information available

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1. Control parameters

NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O (10101-97-0)


DNEL/DMEL (Workers)
Acute - systemic effects, inhalation 16 mg/m³ (Ni)

Acute - local effects, inhalation 0.7 mg/m³ (Ni)

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Long-term - local effects, dermal 0.00044 mg/cm² (Ni)

Long-term - systemic effects, inhalation 0.05 mg/m³ (Ni)

Long-term - local effects, inhalation 0.05 mg/m³ (Ni)

DNEL/DMEL (General population)


Acute - systemic effects, inhalation 9.6 mg/m³ (Ni)

Acute - systemic effects, oral 0.012 mg/kg/d (Ni)

Acute - local effects, inhalation 0.4 mg/m³ (Ni)

Long-term - systemic effects,oral 0.02 mg/kg/d (Ni)

Long-term - systemic effects, inhalation 0.00002 mg/m³ (Ni)

Long-term - local effects, inhalation 0.00002 mg/m³ (Ni)

PNEC (Water)
PNEC aqua (freshwater) 3.6 µg/L (Ni)

PNEC aqua (marine water) 8.6 µg/L (Ni)

PNEC (Soil)
PNEC soil 29.9 mg/kg (Ni)

PNEC (Oral)
PNEC oral (secondary poisoning) mammalian : 0,73 mg/kg (Ni) / Birds : 5.0 mg/kg (Ni)

PNEC (STP)
PNEC sewage treatment plant 0.33 mg/l (Ni)

Nickel sulphate hexahydrate (10101-97-0)


DNEL/DMEL (Workers)
Acute - systemic effects, inhalation 16 mg/m³

Acute - local effects, inhalation 0.7 mg/m³

Long-term - local effects, dermal 0.00044 mg/cm²

Long-term - systemic effects, inhalation 0.05 mg/m³

Long-term - local effects, inhalation 0.05 mg/m³

DNEL/DMEL (General population)


Acute - systemic effects, inhalation 9.6 mg/m³

Acute - systemic effects, oral 0.012 mg/kg/d

Acute - local effects, inhalation 0.4 mg/m³

Long-term - systemic effects,oral 0.02 mg/kg bodyweight/day

Long-term - systemic effects, inhalation 0.00002 mg/m³

PNEC (Water)
PNEC aqua (freshwater) 3.6 µg/L (Ni)

PNEC aqua (marine water) 8.6 µg/L (Ni)

PNEC (Soil)
PNEC soil 29.9 mg/kg (Ni)

PNEC (Oral)
PNEC oral (secondary poisoning) mammalian (rat) : 0,73 mg/kg / Birds : 5.0 mg/kg

PNEC (STP)
PNEC sewage treatment plant 0.33 mg/l (Ni)

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8.2. Exposure controls

Hand protection:

Sufficient protection is given wearing suitable protective gloves checked according to i.e. EN 374, in the event of risk of skin contact with the
product . Before use, the protective glove should be tested in any case for its specific work-station suitability (i.e. mechanical resistance, product
compatibility and antistatic properties). Adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions and information relating to the use, storage, care and
replacement of protective gloves. Protective gloves shall be replaced immediately when physically damaged or worn. Design operations thus to
avoid permanent use of protective gloves.

Eye protection:

Safety glasses (EN 166)

Skin and body protection:

Use chemically protective clothing

Respiratory protection:

Do not exceed the occupational exposure limits (OEL). Use recommended respiratory protection

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties

9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties


Physical state : Solid
Appearance : Crystalline solid.
Colour : Slightly yellow to green.
Odour : No data available
Odour threshold : No data available
pH : No data available
Relative evaporation rate (butylacetate=1) : No data available
Melting point : 840 °C ANHYDROUS FORM - 53 °C (10101-97-0)
Freezing point : No data available
Boiling point : No data available
Flash point : Not applicable
Auto-ignition temperature : No data available
Decomposition temperature : No data available
Flammability (solid, gas) : No data available
Vapour pressure : Not applicable
Relative vapour density at 20 °C : No data available
Relative density : No data available
Density : 3.68 g/cm³ ANHYDROUS FORM - 2.07 g/cm3 (10101-97-0)
Solubility : Water: 293 g/l ANHYDROUS FORM(20°C) - 625 g/l (10101-97-0)(0°c)
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water (Log Pow) : No data available
Viscosity, kinematic : No data available
Viscosity, dynamic : No data available
Explosive properties : No data available
Oxidising properties : No data available
Explosive limits : No data available

9.2. Other information


No additional information available

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity

10.1. Reactivity
No additional information available

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10.2. Chemical stability


Stable in use and storage conditions as recommended in item 7.

10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactions


No additional information available

10.4. Conditions to avoid


No additional information available

10.5. Incompatible materials


Oxidizing agent. Bases.

10.6. Hazardous decomposition products


Sulphur oxides (SOx). Metal oxides. (Toxic fumes).

SECTION 11: Toxicological information

11.1. Information on toxicological effects


Acute toxicity (oral) : Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin.
Acute toxicity (dermal) : Not classified
Acute toxicity (inhalation) : Harmful if inhaled.
Additional information : Dust of the product, if present, may cause respiratory irritation after an excessive inhalation
exposure
Respiratory or skin sensitisation

Nickel sulphate hexahydrate (10101-97-0)


LD50 oral rat 361.9 mg/kg bodyweight (OECD 425)

LC50 inhalation rat (mg/l) 2.48 mg/l (OECD 403) - 4h

Skin corrosion/irritation : Causes skin irritation.


Additional information : Not irritating to rabbits on cutaneous application
(OECD 404 method)
Serious eye damage/irritation : Not classified
Additional information : Not irritating to rabbits on ocular application
(OECD 405 method)
If dust are formed : Mechanical irritation may be expected.
Respiratory or skin sensitisation : May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. May cause an
allergic skin reaction.
Additional information : Sensitizer ECHA
Germ cell mutagenicity : Suspected of causing genetic defects.
Additional information : Chromosomal aberration test
(Hamster) ECHA
Carcinogenicity : May cause cancer by inhalation.

Nickel sulphate hexahydrate (10101-97-0)


NOAEL, oral, rat 11 (Reference substance : Nickel (OECD 451 method) - Source : ECHA)

Reproductive toxicity : May damage the unborn child.


Additional information : , rat: 10 mg/kg (1 day, Reference substance : Nickel (OECD 416 method))
NOAEC: 2 mg/m3

STOT-single exposure : Not classified

STOT-repeated exposure : Causes damage to organs (respiratory tract) through prolonged or repeated exposure
(inhalation).

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Nickel sulphate hexahydrate (10101-97-0)


NOAEC, Inhalation 0,027 mg/m³ (Target organ : lungs - Reference substance : CAS 7440-02-0 (OECD 453
method) - Source : CSR)

Aspiration hazard : Not classified

SECTION 12: Ecological information

12.1. Toxicity
Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term : Very toxic to aquatic life.
(acute)
Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term : Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
(chronic)

Nickel sulphate hexahydrate (10101-97-0)


LC50 fish 1 15.3 mg/l Oncorhynchus mykiss - 96h - Reference substance : CAS 7718-54 - Source :
ECHA

EC50 Daphnia 1 > 200 mg/l - 48 h - Ceriodaphnia dubia - Reference substance : CAS 7718-54 - Source :
ECHA

EC50 other aquatic organisms 2 33 mg/l (Toxic to bacteria) ACTIVATED SLUDGE - 30 min - Reference substance : CAS
13138-45-9 (ISO 8192) - Source : ECHA

EC50 72h algae (1) 81.5 – 148 mg/l - Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata - Reference substance : CAS 7718-54
(OECD 201 method)

NOEC chronic fish 108.9 µg/L 30 days - Pimephales promelas - Reference substance : CAS 7718-54 -
Source : ECHA

NOEC chronic crustacea 90 µg/L 21 days - Daphnia magna - Reference substance : CAS 7718-54 (OECD 211
method) - Source : ECHA

12.2. Persistence and degradability

NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O (10101-97-0)


Persistence and degradability No data available.

12.3. Bioaccumulative potential

NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O (10101-97-0)


Bioaccumulative potential No data available.

12.4. Mobility in soil

NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O (10101-97-0)


Ecology - soil No data available.

12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessment

NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O (10101-97-0)


This substance/mixture does not meet the PBT criteria of REACH regulation, annex XIII

This substance/mixture does not meet the vPvB criteria of REACH regulation, annex XIII

12.6. Other adverse effects


Other adverse effects : Prevent entry to sewers and public waters. Do not bring to dump.

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SECTION 13: Disposal considerations

13.1. Waste treatment methods


Regional legislation (waste) : Comply with local regulations for disposal.
Waste treatment methods : For disposal within the EC, the appropriate code according to the European Waste
Catalogue (EWC) should be used. Empty containers should be taken for recycling, recovery
or waste in accordance with local regulation.

SECTION 14: Transport information


In accordance with ADR / RID / IMDG / IATA / ADN

14.1. UN number
UN-No. (ADR) : UN 3077
UN-No. (IMDG) : UN 3077
UN-No. (IATA) : UN 3077
UN-No. (ADN) : UN 3077
UN-No. (RID) : UN 3077

14.2. UN proper shipping name


Proper Shipping Name (ADR) : ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S.
Proper Shipping Name (IMDG) : ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S.
Proper Shipping Name (IATA) : Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s.
Proper Shipping Name (ADN) : ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S.
Proper Shipping Name (RID) : ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S.
Transport document description (ADR) : UN 3077 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (Nickel
sulphate hexahydrate(10101-97-0)), 9, III, (E)
Transport document description (IMDG) : UN 3077 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S., 9, III,
MARINE POLLUTANT
Transport document description (IATA) : UN 3077 Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s., 9, III
Transport document description (ADN) : UN 3077 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S., 9, III
Transport document description (RID) : UN 3077 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S., 9, III

14.3. Transport hazard class(es)

ADR
Transport hazard class(es) (ADR) : 9
Danger labels (ADR) : 9

IMDG
Transport hazard class(es) (IMDG) : 9
Danger labels (IMDG) : 9

IATA
Transport hazard class(es) (IATA) : 9
Danger labels (IATA) : 9

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ADN
Transport hazard class(es) (ADN) : 9
Danger labels (ADN) : 9

RID
Transport hazard class(es) (RID) : 9
Danger labels (RID) : 9

14.4. Packing group


Packing group (ADR) : III
Packing group (IMDG) : III
Packing group (IATA) : III
Packing group (ADN) : III
Packing group (RID) : III

14.5. Environmental hazards


Dangerous for the environment : Yes
Marine pollutant : Yes
Other information : No supplementary information available

14.6. Special precautions for user

Overland transport
Classification code (ADR) : M7
Special provisions (ADR) : 274, 335, 601, 375
Limited quantities (ADR) : 5kg
Excepted quantities (ADR) : E1
Packing instructions (ADR) : P002, IBC08, LP02, R001
Mixed packing provisions (ADR) : MP10
Portable tank and bulk container instructions (ADR) : T1, BK1, BK2
Portable tank and bulk container special provisions : TP33
(ADR)
Tank code (ADR) : SGAV, LGBV
Vehicle for tank carriage : AT
Transport category (ADR) : 3
Special provisions for carriage - Packages (ADR) : V13
Special provisions for carriage - Bulk (ADR) : VC1, VC2
Special provisions for carriage - Loading, unloading : CV13
and handling (ADR)
Hazard identification number (Kemler No.) : 90
Orange plates :

Tunnel restriction code (ADR) : E


EAC code : 2Z

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Transport by sea
Special provisions (IMDG) : 274, 335, 966, 967, 969
Limited quantities (IMDG) : 5 kg
Excepted quantities (IMDG) : E1
Packing instructions (IMDG) : P002, LP02
Special packing provisions (IMDG) : PP12
IBC packing instructions (IMDG) : IBC08
IBC special provisions (IMDG) : B3
Tank instructions (IMDG) : T1, BK1, BK2, BK3
Tank special provisions (IMDG) : TP33
EmS-No. (Fire) : F-A
EmS-No. (Spillage) : S-F
Stowage category (IMDG) : A
Stowage and handling (IMDG) : SW23
Air transport
PCA Excepted quantities (IATA) : E1
PCA Limited quantities (IATA) : Y956
PCA limited quantity max net quantity (IATA) : 30kgG
PCA packing instructions (IATA) : 956
PCA max net quantity (IATA) : 400kg
CAO packing instructions (IATA) : 956
CAO max net quantity (IATA) : 400kg
Special provisions (IATA) : A97, A158, A179, A197
ERG code (IATA) : 9L
Inland waterway transport
Classification code (ADN) : M7
Special provisions (ADN) : 274, 335, 375, 601
Limited quantities (ADN) : 5 kg
Excepted quantities (ADN) : E1
Carriage permitted (ADN) : T* B**
Equipment required (ADN) : PP, A
Number of blue cones/lights (ADN) : 0
Rail transport
Classification code (RID) : M7
Special provisions (RID) : 274, 335, 375, 601
Limited quantities (RID) : 5kg
Excepted quantities (RID) : E1
Packing instructions (RID) : P002, IBC08, LP02, R001
Special packing provisions (RID) : PP12, B3
Mixed packing provisions (RID) : MP10
Portable tank and bulk container instructions (RID) : T1, BK1, BK2
Portable tank and bulk container special provisions : TP33
(RID)
Tank codes for RID tanks (RID) : SGAV, LGBV
Transport category (RID) : 3
Special provisions for carriage – Packages (RID) : W13
Special provisions for carriage – Bulk (RID) : VC1, VC2
Special provisions for carriage - Loading, unloading : CW13, CW31
and handling (RID)
Colis express (express parcels) (RID) : CE11
Hazard identification number (RID) : 90

14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of Marpol and the IBC Code
Not applicable

SECTION 15: Regulatory information

15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
15.1.1. EU-Regulations

The following restrictions are applicable according to Annex XVII of the REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006:

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Reference code Applicable on Entry title or description

28. NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O ; Nickel Substances which are classified as carcinogen category 1A or 1B in Part 3 of
sulphate hexahydrate Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and are listed in Appendix 1 or
Appendix 2, respectively.

30. NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O ; Nickel Substances which are classified as reproductive toxicant category 1A or 1B in
sulphate hexahydrate Part 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and are listed in Appendix 5
or Appendix 6, respectively.
NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O is not on the REACH Candidate List
NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O is not on the REACH Annex XIV List
NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O is not subject to Regulation (EU) No 649/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 july 2012 concerning
the export and import of hazardous chemicals.
NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O is not subject to Regulation (EU) No 2019/1021 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on
persistent organic pollutants

15.1.2. National regulations


No additional information available

15.2. Chemical safety assessment


For this substance a chemical safety assessment has been carried out

SECTION 16: Other information

Indication of changes:

Exposure scenario.

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NICKEL SULPHATE 6H2O
Safety Data Sheet
according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) with its amendment Regulation (EU) 2015/830

Abbreviations and acronyms:

ACGIH : American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists


ADN: European Agreement concerning international carriage of Dangerous goods by Inland waterways
ADR: European Agreement concerning international carriage of Dangerous goods by Road
AF : Assessment factor
AGS : Ausschuss für Gefahrstoffe
ATE : Acute Toxicity Estimate
ATEX : ATmosphère Explosive
BAF : Bioaccumulation Factors
BCF : Bioconcentration factor
Bw: Body weight
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
CERCLA : Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CLP : Classification, labelling, packaging
CSA : Chemical Safety Assessment
CSR: Chemical Safety Report
DFG : German research Foundation
DMEL : Derived maximum effect level
DNEL: Derivative No effect Level
DOT : US Departement of Transportation
DU : Downstream User
EC: European Community
EC No : European Community Number
EC50 : Half maximal effective concentration
ECHA : European Chemicals Agency
EINECS : European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances
ELINCS: European List of Notified Chemical Substances
ELV : Emission limit values
EN: European Norm
ERV : Ecotoxicological Reference Value
EUH: European Hazard Statement
EWC : European Waste catalogue
GefStoffV: Gefahrstoffverordnung (Ordinance on Hazardous Substances, Germany)
GHS : Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
HSDB : Hazardous Substances Data Bank
IARC : International Agency for Research on Cancer
IATA: International Air Transport Association
IATA-DGR: Dangerous Goods Regulations by the "International Air Transport Association" (IATA)
IBC : International Bulk Chemical
IC50: Median Inhibition concentration
ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization
ICAO-TI : Technical Instructions by the "International Civil Aviation Organization" (ICAO)
ICSC : International Chemical Safety Cards
IDLH : Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
INCI : International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredient
IUCLID : International Uniform Chemical Information Database
KSt : Explosion coefficient

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Safety Data Sheet
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LC50: Median lethal concentration


LD50 : Median lethal dose
LEL : Lower Explosion Limit/Lower Explosive Limit
LEV : Local Exhaust Ventilation
LOEC : Lowest Observed Effect Concentration - LOEL : Lowest Observed Effect Level
LTE : Long Term Exposure
LTEL : Long Term Exposure Limit
MARPOL : MARine POLlution
mg/m3 : Milligrams per Cubic Metre
MMAD : Mass median aerodynamic diameter
MSDS : Material Safety Data Sheet
NOAEL : No-observed-adverse-effect-level - LOAEL : Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
NOEC : No observed effect concentration
NOEL : No observed effect level
N.O.S : Not Otherwise Specified
NTP : U.S. National Toxicology Program
OECD : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OEL : Operator exposure level
OSHA : Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PBT: Persistent, bioaccumulative, Toxic
PEC : Predicted effect level
PEL : Permissible Exposure Limit
pH : relates to hydrogen ion concentration using a scale of 0 (high acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline).
PNEC: Predicted no effect concentration
PP : Severe Marine Pollutant
PPE : Personal Protective Equipement
ppm : Parts Per Million
RCRA : Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
REACH : EC Regulation on Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (Regulation (EC)
N°1907/2006 as amended)
RID : Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
RQ : Reportable Quantity measured in pounds (304, CERCLA)
RRN : REACH Registration Numbers
SARA : Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
STE : Short-term exposure
STEL : Short Term Exposure Limit
STOT-RE : Specific target organ toxicity, Repeated exposure
STOT-SE : Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single exposure
SVHC : Substance of Very High Concern
TCLo : Toxic Concentration Low
TDLo : Toxic Dose Low
TLV : Threshold Limit Value
TPQ : Threshold Planning Quantity measured in pounds (302)
TQ : Threshold Quantity measured in pounds (CAA)
TWA : Time Weighted Average
TWA/OEL : Time Weighted Average or Occupational Exposure Limit.
UEL : Upper Explosion Limit/Upper Explosive Limit
UWM : Unit World Model
vPvB - very Persistent, very Bioaccumulative substance
WEL : Work Exposure Limit
WGK : Wassergefährdungskasse (Water Hazard Class under Germanan Federal Water Management Act)

Full text of H- and EUH-statements:

Acute Tox. 4 (Inhalation) Acute toxicity (inhal.), Category 4

Acute Tox. 4 (Oral) Acute toxicity (oral), Category 4

Aquatic Acute 1 Hazardous to the aquatic environment — Acute Hazard, Category 1

Aquatic Chronic 1 Hazardous to the aquatic environment — Chronic Hazard, Category 1

Carc. 1A Carcinogenicity (inhalation) Category 1A

Muta. 2 Germ cell mutagenicity, Category 2

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Safety Data Sheet
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Repr. 1B Reproductive toxicity, Category 1B

Resp. Sens. 1 Respiratory sensitisation, Category 1

Skin Irrit. 2 Skin corrosion/irritation, Category 2

Skin Sens. 1 Skin sensitisation, Category 1

STOT RE 1 Specific target organ toxicity — Repeated exposure, Category 1

STOT RE 2 Specific target organ toxicity — Repeated exposure, Category 2

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H315 Causes skin irritation.

H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.

H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects.

H350i May cause cancer by inhalation.

H360D May damage the unborn child.

H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

SDS EU (REACH Annex II)

DISCLAIMER

The information contained in this sheet comes from reliable sources. It has been drawn up based on our knowledge at the time of the most recent
update, as indicated. This information is intended as an aid to the user and should not be considered as a guarantee.
Conditions or methods of handling, storage, use or disposal of the product are outside our control, and we may not be held responsible for any loss,
damage or expenses incurred as a result of, or in connection with, the latter.
All substances or mixtures can present unknown dangers and must be used with caution. We cannot guarantee that all dangers have been set out
in an exhaustive manner.
This sheet has been drawn up for, and must be used for, this product only. If the product is used as a component in another product, the information
given with it may not be applicable.
This sheet does not under any circumstances exempt the user from complying with all laws, regulations and administrative requirements related to
the product, health and safety, and the protection of human health and the environment.

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ES FOR COMMUNICATION

Substance Name: NICKEL SULPHATE (update 2019)


EC Number: 232-104-9
CAS Number: 7786-81-4
Registration Number:
Date of Generation/Revision: 18/06/2019
Author: EBRC Consulting GmbH

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Table of Contents
0.General provisions related to conditions of use and guidance to downstream users 

0.1. Good occupational hygiene practice ........................................͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰ


0.2. General provisions related to personal protective equipment for workers .͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰ
0.3. Generic guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES

0.4. Man via the environment exposure and risk characterisation assessments͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϲ

1. ES 1: Use at industrial sites; Intermediate use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel metal
................................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1. Title section ................................................................................................................................. 8
1.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure.......................................................................................... 8
1.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ....................................................................... 9
1.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 10
2. ES 2: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel salts ................. 11
2.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................... 11
2.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure........................................................................................ 11
2.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ..................................................................... 13
2.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 15
3. ES 3: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic
pigments ................................................................................................................................................ 16
3.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................... 16
3.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure........................................................................................ 16
3.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ..................................................................... 19
3.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 21
4. ES 4: Formulation or re-packing; Use of nickel sulphate in formulating and repackaging of surface
treatment products ................................................................................................................................ 22
4.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................... 22
4.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure........................................................................................ 22
4.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ..................................................................... 25
4.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 28
5. ES 5: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating,
nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) ................................................................... 29
5.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................... 29
5.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure........................................................................................ 29
5.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ..................................................................... 32
5.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 35
6. ES 6: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate for surface treatment of anodised aluminium
sheets .................................................................................................................................................... 36
6.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................... 36
6.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure........................................................................................ 36
6.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ..................................................................... 39
6.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 41
7. ES 7: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate in selective plating in industrial settings ......... 42
7.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................... 42
7.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure........................................................................................ 42
7.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ..................................................................... 44

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7.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 46
8. ES 8: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate in the production of abrasive tools ................. 47
8.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................... 47
8.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure........................................................................................ 47
8.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ..................................................................... 50
8.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 52
9. ES 9: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate for the production of plated electrodes in the
battery sector ........................................................................................................................................ 53
9.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................... 53
9.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure........................................................................................ 53
9.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ..................................................................... 56
9.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES .............. 58
10. ES 10: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the
battery sector ........................................................................................................................................ 59
10.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................. 59
10.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure...................................................................................... 59
10.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ................................................................... 62
10.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES ............ 64
11. ES 11: Formulation or re-packing; Use of nickel sulphate in the formulation of micronutrient
additives for biogas production ............................................................................................................. 65
11.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................. 65
11.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure...................................................................................... 65
11.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ................................................................... 68
11.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES ............ 70
12. ES 12: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate and nickel sulphate-derived micronutrients in
biogas production .................................................................................................................................. 71
12.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................. 71
12.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure...................................................................................... 71
12.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ................................................................... 72
12.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES ............ 73
13. ES 13: Widespread use by professional workers; Use of nickel sulphate and nickel sulphate-derived
micronutrients in compostable bags in biogas production .................................................................... 75
13.1. Title section ............................................................................................................................. 75
13.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure...................................................................................... 75
13.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source ................................................................... 76
13.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES ............ 76

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0. General provisions related to conditions of use


and guidance to downstream users
All provisions given in this section generally apply to each exposure scenario (ES) included below. They
are to be supplemented or exchanged by more specific measures as given in the applicable exposure
scenario as appropriate.

0.1. Good occupational hygiene practice


Good occupational hygiene practices are required to ensure safe handling of the substance. In general,
inhalation (e.g. dust should not be blown off with compressed air) and ingestion must be avoided (e.g.
no eating and smoking in the workplace, regular cleaning with suitable cleaning devices). Any
contaminated clothing should not be taken home. Good general ventilation in the workplace should
ensure an adequate supply of fresh air. Regular training in workplace hygiene practice and proper use
of personal protective equipment (if relevant) are required.

0.2. General provisions related to personal protective


equipment for workers
Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for each of the exposure routes listed below is required as
described here, unless exposure to the substance can be excluded for the respective route(s) of
exposure. Such exclusion of exposure may be determined by:

(i) the physical appearance of the substance in the specific type of application (e.g. wetting the
substance can effectively prevent from the emission of dust),
(ii) the emission potential resulting from the nature of the process (e.g. splashes, emission of dust can
be excluded in a closed process),
(iii) applied exposure prevention measures (segregation of the emission source or separation of the
worker from the emission source), and
(iv) the amount of the handled/emitted material during use in relation to the room size (i.e. dilution
factor) under consideration of the prevailing air exchange rates during use.

If PPE needs to be used, refer to section 8 of the SDS for further specification of such equipment.

0.2.1. Dermal route (skin protection)


Skin protective equipment should be selected in consideration of mechanical (acc. to EN 388,
mechanical risks), cold or heat stress (acc. to EN 407, thermal risks) or any other physico-chemical
hazards as relevant for the conducted tasks and working environment in addition to the effectiveness of
the equipment to control exposure. Certified safety clothing including coveralls and safety shoes have to
be worn. The following requirements for gloves are to be met:

- Due to the classification of the substance, gloves and skin protective clothing have to be worn for
precautionary reasons unless dermal exposure can be excluded (please see above).
- If gloves are to be worn, either due to these general provisions or due to specific requirements set
in the ES, they have to comply with EN 374.
- Any prescribed gloves have to be changed according to manufacturer’s information or when
damaged, whatever is the earlier.

0.2.2. Inhalation route (respiratory protection)


Specific information on the required assigned protection factor (APF) may be provided in the
occupational exposure scenarios below. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) should be selected
based on the given APF according to EN 529 and should comply with national legislation. The following
requirements for RPE are to be met in any case:

- Due to the classification of the substance, RPE has to be worn for precautionary reasons unless
inhalation exposure can be excluded (please see above).

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- If RPE has to be worn, either due to these general provisions or due to specific requirements set in
the ES, an APF of 10 represents the required minimum level of protection.

If RPE is to be worn then the following principles are to be implemented in parallel:


The duration of work should take into account the additional physiological stress for the worker due to
the breathing resistance and mass of the RPE itself and due to the increased thermal stress by
enclosing the head. In addition, it shall be considered that the worker’s capability of using tools and of
communicating are reduced during the wearing of RPE.

For reasons as given above, the worker should therefore:


(i) be healthy (especially in view of medical problems that may affect the use of RPE), and
(ii) have suitable facial characteristics reducing leakages between face and mask (in view of scars
and facial hair).
The devices recommended in the ES which rely on a tight face seal will not provide the required
protection unless they fit the contours of the face properly and securely. The employer and
self-employed persons have legal responsibilities for the maintenance and supply of respiratory
protective devices and the management of their correct use in the workplace. Therefore, they should
define and document a suitable policy for a respiratory protective device programme including training
of workers.

0.2.3. Eye/face protection


Eye/face protective equipment is to be selected in consideration of local effects caused by the
substance, mechanical, cold or heat stress or any other physico-chemical hazards as relevant for the
conducted tasks and working environment in addition to the effectiveness of the equipment to control
exposure. The following requirements for eye/face protective equipment are to be met:

- Avoid direct contact of the eyes with the substance.


- Suitable eye protection equipment (e.g. goggles or visors) must be worn.
- Face protection must be worn unless such protection is provided by any eye protection (e.g. face
covering visor) and/or RPE used.

0.3. Generic guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works


inside the boundaries set by the ES
In any of the included exposure scenarios (ES) below, the downstream user (DU) works inside the
boundaries set by the ES if the given operational conditions (OCs) and risk management measures
(RMMs) as described in the ES are met. In cases in which the DU’s conditions are not explicitly included
in the generic conditions described in the ES, the DU has to ensure that his specific OCs and
implemented RMMs are compliant. If the concentration of the substance in mixture is not explicitly
stated in the ES this does not represent a restriction (i.e. up to 100 % of the substance could be used).
Depending on the basis for the exposure assessment conducted for the ES, this needs to be done in
different ways as described separately for environmental and occupational ES below.

0.3.1. Occupational exposure scenarios


The occupational exposure assessment may be either based on monitoring data (including analogous
or published data) or based on exposure assessment models. Depending on which method has been
used for exposure assessment, different ways for compliance checking are to be followed as given
below.

0.3.1.1. Monitoring data used as basis for assessment


If the exposure assessment in the ES is based on monitoring data, the same approach can be used by
DUs for compliance checking. Please note that 6 measurements per workplace are required for an
exposure assessment as a minimum. Depending on the variability of the data sets (expressed as the
geometric standard deviation) and the level of the resulting risk characterisation ratio, additional
measurements may be required. Only measurements of personal exposure to the inhalable fraction of
airborne dust (according to EN 481) should be used. The exposure data shall either be applicable to the

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length of a specific task to be assessed or to a full-shift (i.e. sampled over a duration of at least 120 min)
if the task to be assessed is conducted for a significant portion of the work shift. From the exposure data
set, the maximum likelihood estimate of the upper 90 % confidence limit for the 75th percentile of the
exposure distribution is to be used as a reasonable worst case estimate for comparison with the
reported exposure level in the associated contributing ES. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) may
be taken into account by applying the assigned protection factor as given in EN 529:2005.

0.3.1.1.1. Specific considerations for efficiency values for RMMs prescribed in


occupational exposure scenarios
When personal exposure data are used to evaluate whether the conditions prescribed in the ES are
met, the efficiency of the RMMs implemented does not need to be separately assessed given that
monitored exposure levels are in compliance with those reported for the ES after consideration of any
PPE worn.

0.3.1.1.2. Deviations from the conditions of use if monitoring data were used for
exposure assessment
Any deviations from the given conditions of use require either to:

(i) inform the supplier of the SDS about these deviations and to request a reflection of these
deviations in an ES or
(ii) prepare a DU CSR (according to Article 37(4)) to be notified to ECHA and to be kept as in-house
documentation.

0.3.1.2. Use of exposure models


If the exposure assessment in the ES is based on modelled data, the same model can be used to justify
specific slight deviations from the generic conditions described in the ES. All parameters needed to run
the exposure estimation tool MEASE (version 1.02.01; available on www.ebrc.de/mease.html) can be
found in the ES. It is noted that the installation of the prescribed RMMs is mandatory and that
exclusively the modification of the personal protective equipment (PPE) used is allowed as deviation.
The only parameters which may therefore be modified in the MEASE-calculation are consequently:

(i) concentration in mixture (only lower concentrations),


(ii) efficiency of the installed RMMs (only higher efficiencies), and
(iii) type of PPE to be used.

0.3.1.2.1. Specific considerations for efficiency values for RMMs prescribed in


occupational exposure scenarios
Any efficiency values reported in the ES represent typical efficiencies for a given industry sector after
evaluating conditions of use as made available to the consultants and are therefore considered to
adequately approximate to actual efficiencies. If downstream users want to evaluate whether
prescribed efficiencies are met, exposure monitoring could be conducted. In such a case, monitored
exposure levels should be at or lower than reported for the ES after consideration of any PPE worn.
Further information on efficiency values can be found in the glossary of MEASE.

0.3.1.2.2. Deviations from the conditions of use if exposure models were used
for exposure assessment
Further deviations from the given conditions of use or if the DU assessment is to be based on
monitoring data require either to:

(i) inform the supplier of the SDS about these deviations and to request a reflection of these
deviations in an ES or
(ii) prepare a DU CSR (according to Article 37(4)) to be notified to ECHA and to be kept as in-house
documentation.

0.3.2. Environmental exposure scenarios

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0.3.2.1. Deviations from the conditions of use


This can be done by using the MetalEUSES scaling tool (free download:
http://www.arche-consulting.be/tools/du-scaling-tool/) to estimate the associated exposure. Following
parameters can be scaled: amount used at local site, number of emission days, discharge effluent rate,
dilution factor (or flow rate of the river), presence/absence of municipal sewage treatment plant (STP),
removal rate municipal STP, use of municipal sludge on agricultural soil, and release factors to air and
water.

0.4. Man via the environment exposure and risk


characterisation assessments
Inhalation is the critical exposure pathway for humans via the environment. The PEC for air at site
neighbouring residential areas should be lower than the chronic inhalation DNEL for the general public
of 60 ng Ni/m3 as annual average in PM10 in order to demonstrate adequate control of risk (RCR<1) for
Man via the Environment (MvE).

Hereto a Generic safe use Exposure Scenario for MvE was developed based on the EUSES model.
The MvE Generic ES is defined as the product of tonnage (T) and emission factor to air (EF) being lower
than 74000 g Ni/year. The value of 74000 g Ni/year is derived by using EUSES model to back-calculate
the product of T and EF that results in a local air concentration (Clocal) of 56.6 ng Ni/m3. The value of 56.6
ng Ni/m3 is derived from the difference between the DNEL of 60 ng Ni/m3 and the EU regional
background concentration (Cregional) of 3.4 ng Ni/m3 (average of P90 annual concentration for the years
2013, 2014 and 2015). 

Safe use ES Tonnage Emission Tonnage × Clocal Cregional PEClocal RCR =


for all sectors (Ni T factor emission (ng/m3) (ng/m3) (ng/m3) PEC/DNEL
according to /year) (g Ni/T) factor (DNEL= 60
Tier 1 (EUSES (g Ni/year) ng/m3)
model) Sector
All T EF T × EF < <56.6 3.4* <60 <1
74000
*: EU average of country P90 annual Ni concentrations (2013, 2014 and 2015)

If a site is not compliant with these conditions, meaning that the product of tonnage and emission factor
is above 74000 g Ni/year, a tiered approach including site-specific modelling can be applied to
demonstrate safe use.

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1. ES 1: Use at industrial sites; Intermediate use of


nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel metal
1.1. Title section
Sector of use: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) (SU 8),
Manufacture of fine chemicals (SU 9)
Environment
1: Intermediate use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel metal - Direct ERC 6a
discharge to fresh water
Worker
2: Reaction step PROC 2
3: Chemical reduction PROC 1
4: Wet cleaning PROC 28

1.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


1.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Intermediate use of nickel
sulphate for the manufacture of nickel metal - Direct discharge to
fresh water (ERC 6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 190 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni as
this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 6.94E4 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 365 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.78E6 m3/day
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2E3 m3/day
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 892

1.2.2. Control of worker exposure: Reaction step (PROC 2)


Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Use in closed process
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

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1.2.3. Control of worker exposure: Chemical reduction (PROC 1)


Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use in closed process
Automated task
Use of an integrated local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Closed and ventilated (positive pressure) control room, contamination from outside is minimised by
measures such as dust-captures for shoes.

1.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

1.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


1.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Intermediate use of
nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel metal - Direct
discharge to fresh water (ERC 6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 5.377 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 6.688 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 5.06E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.713
Sediment (freshwater) 90.2 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.828
for metals)
Agricultural soil 17.01 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.569

1.3.2. Worker exposure: Reaction step (PROC 2)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, local, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.042
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Combined, systemic, long term 0.44
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

1.3.3. Worker exposure: Chemical reduction (PROC 1)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, local, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.06
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

1.3.4. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

1.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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2. ES 2: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate


for the manufacture of nickel salts
2.1. Title section
Sector of use: Manufacture of fine chemicals (SU 9)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to ERC 6a
fresh water
2: Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to ERC 6a
marine water
Worker
3: Raw material handling (solutions) PROC 8b
4: Raw material handling (low dusty materials) PROC 26
5: Reaction with other chemicals PROC 2
6: Wet cleaning PROC 28
7: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

2.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


2.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for
the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to fresh water
(ERC 6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 5.361 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 1.93E3 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 360 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 1E3
Receiving surface water flow >= 2E6 m3/day
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2E3 m3/day

2.2.2. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for


the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to marine water
(ERC 6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 5.361 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 1.93E3 tonnes/year

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Emission days >= 360 days/year


Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to freshwater assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2E3 m3/day

2.2.3. Control of worker exposure: Raw material handling (solutions)


(PROC 8b)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

2.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Raw material handling (low dusty


materials) (PROC 26)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

2.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Reaction with other chemicals


(PROC 2)
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.

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Closed process with occasional opening.


Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

2.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

2.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

2.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


2.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to fresh water
(ERC 6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.927 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.389 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 3.23E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.455
Sediment (freshwater) 42.2 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.387
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.24 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.543

2.3.2. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate

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for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to marine


water (ERC 6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.927 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.389 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Marine water 3.63E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.422
Sediment (marine water) 103.6 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation 0.95
method for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.24 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.543

2.3.3. Worker exposure: Raw material handling (solutions) (PROC


8b)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

2.3.4. Worker exposure: Raw material handling (low dusty materials)


(PROC 26)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

2.3.5. Worker exposure: Reaction with other chemicals (PROC 2)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, local, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.042
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.44

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

2.3.6. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

2.3.7. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

2.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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3. ES 3: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate


for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic
pigments
3.1. Title section
Sector of use: Manufacture of fine chemicals (SU 9)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic ERC 6a
pigments - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
2: Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic ERC 6a
pigments - Direct discharge to fresh water
3: Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic ERC 6a
pigments - Direct discharge to marine water
Worker
4: Raw material handling PROC 26
5: Closed mixing and transfer process PROC 2
6: Automated transfer process PROC 8b
7: Drying and calcining PROC 22, PROC
9, PROC 4, PROC
2
8: Wet cleaning PROC 28
9: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

3.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


3.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for
the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments -
Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC
6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.459 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 156 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 340 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Conditions and measures related to biological sewage treatment plant
Municipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow >= 2E3 m3/day
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.8E4 m3/day
No discharge to marine water assumed

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Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 10

3.2.2. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for


the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct
discharge to fresh water (ERC 6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.459 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 156 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 340 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Receiving surface water flow >= 2.97E4 m3/day
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 225 m3/day

3.2.3. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for


the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct
discharge to marine water (ERC 6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.459 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 156 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 340 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to freshwater assumed
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 225 m3/day
Local marine water dilution factor 100

3.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Raw material handling (PROC 26)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: High.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid, powder / dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

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Frequency of task: Once per shift.


Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

3.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Closed mixing and transfer


process (PROC 2)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Damp solid.
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Automated task
Use in closed process

3.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Automated transfer process


(PROC 8b)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: High.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Ensure segregation of worker from the source.
Use of an integrated local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

3.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Drying and calcining (PROC 22,


PROC 9, PROC 4, PROC 2)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Damp solid.
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Semi-closed system
Manufacturing and processing of minerals and/or metals at substantially elevated temperature
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

3.2.8. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

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Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours


Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

3.2.9. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

3.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


3.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments -
Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC
6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.021 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.021 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 3.34E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.471
Sediment (freshwater) 45.2 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.415
for metals)
Sewage Treatment Plant 6.2E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.019
Agricultural soil 16.37 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.548

3.3.2. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct
discharge to fresh water (ERC 6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.021 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.021 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

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Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 3.39E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.478
Sediment (freshwater) 46.5 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.427
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

3.3.3. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct
discharge to marine water (ERC 6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.021 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.021 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Marine water 9.58E-4 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.111
Sediment (marine water) 33.2 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.305
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

3.3.4. Worker exposure: Raw material handling (PROC 26)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.028 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.56
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.111 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.028 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.56
Inhalation, local, acute 0.111 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.069
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.56
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

3.3.5. Worker exposure: Closed mixing and transfer process (PROC


2)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, local, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.06
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

3.3.6. Worker exposure: Automated transfer process (PROC 8b)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.031 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.62

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.093 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.031 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.62
Inhalation, local, acute 0.093 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.058
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.62
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

3.3.7. Worker exposure: Drying and calcining (PROC 22, PROC 9,


PROC 4, PROC 2)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, local, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.011
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.12
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

3.3.8. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

3.3.9. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

3.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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4. ES 4: Formulation or re-packing; Use of nickel


sulphate in formulating and repackaging of surface
treatment products
4.1. Title section
Product category: Metal surface treatment products (PC 14)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment ERC 2
products - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
2: Use of nickel sulphate in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment ERC 2
products - Direct discharge to fresh water
3: Use of nickel sulphate in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment ERC 2
products - Direct discharge to marine water
Worker
4: Raw material handling (fully contained) PROC 1
5: Raw material handling (solutions) PROC 8b, PROC 9
6: Mixing PROC 3, PROC 5
7: Filling of solutions PROC 8b, PROC 9
8: Laboratory testing PROC 15
9: Wet cleaning PROC 28
10: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

4.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


4.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in
formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products -
Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC
2)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.186 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 41 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 220 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to biological sewage treatment plant
Municipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow >= 2E3 m3/day
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 10

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Receiving surface water flow >= 1.8E4 m3/day

4.2.2. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in


formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - Direct
discharge to fresh water (ERC 2)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.096 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 21 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 220 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 200
Receiving surface water flow >= 4.98E3 m3/day
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 25 m3/day

4.2.3. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in


formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - Direct
discharge to marine water (ERC 2)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.096 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 21 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 220 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to freshwater assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 25 m3/day

4.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Raw material handling (fully


contained) (PROC 1)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Technical and organisational conditions and measures

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Automated task
Use in closed process

4.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Raw material handling (solutions)


(PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

4.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Mixing (PROC 3, PROC 5)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Automated task
Closed process with occasional opening.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

4.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Filling of solutions (PROC 8b,


PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

4.2.8. Control of worker exposure: Laboratory testing (PROC 15)


Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Amount per use < 1 kg

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Technical and organisational conditions and measures


Use of an extraction hood with standard efficiency is required.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

4.2.9. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

4.2.10. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

4.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


4.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products -
Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC
2)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.022 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 9.3E-3 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 3.36E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.474
Sediment (freshwater) 45.7 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.419
for metals)

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Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Sewage Treatment Plant 6.47E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.02
Agricultural soil 16.38 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.548

4.3.2. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products -
Direct discharge to fresh water (ERC 2)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.011 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 4.77E-3 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 4.49E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.632
Sediment (freshwater) 75.3 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.691
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.2 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

4.3.3. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products -
Direct discharge to marine water (ERC 2)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.011 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 4.77E-3 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Marine water 3.48E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.404
Sediment (marine water) 99.7 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.915
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.2 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

4.3.4. Worker exposure: Raw material handling (fully contained)


(PROC 1)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, local, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.06
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

4.3.5. Worker exposure: Raw material handling (solutions) (PROC


8b, PROC 9)

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

4.3.6. Worker exposure: Mixing (PROC 3, PROC 5)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, local, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.042
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.44
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

4.3.7. Worker exposure: Filling of solutions (PROC 8b, PROC 9)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

4.3.8. Worker exposure: Laboratory testing (PROC 15)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, local, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.06
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

4.3.9. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

4.3.10. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

4.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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5. ES 5: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate


in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating,
nickel electroforming and nickel electroless
technologies)
5.1. Title section
Product category: Metal surface treatment products (PC 14)
Sector of use: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (SU 15),
General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment. (SU 17)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel ERC 5
electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Discharge to fresh water via
municipal sewage treatment plant
2: Use of nickel sulphate in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel ERC 5
electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to fresh
water
3: Use of nickel sulphate in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel ERC 5
electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to marine
water
Worker
4: Handling of low dusty materials PROC 26
5: Handling of solutions as raw material PROC 8b, PROC 9
6: Mixing and blending PROC 5, PROC 4,
PROC 3
7: Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and electroless nickel plating PROC 13
8: Testing of solution composition PROC 15
9: Wet cleaning PROC 28
10: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

5.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


5.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in
metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming
and nickel electroless technologies) - Discharge to fresh water via
municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.033 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 8 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 240 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to biological sewage treatment plant
Municipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow >= 2E3 m3/day

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Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 10
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.8E4 m3/day

5.2.2. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in


metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming
and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to fresh
water (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 9E-3 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni as
this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 2.1 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 240 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 50
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.23E4 m3/day
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 250 m3/day

5.2.3. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in


metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming
and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to marine
water (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.016 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 3.8 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 240 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to freshwater assumed

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Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100


Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 250 m3/day

5.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Handling of low dusty materials


(PROC 26)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

5.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw


material (PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

5.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Mixing and blending (PROC 5,


PROC 4, PROC 3)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

5.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Nickel electroplating, nickel


electroforming and electroless nickel plating (PROC 13)
Product (article) characteristics

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Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.


Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Automated task
Use of a surfactant/wetting/foaming agent is required.
Use of a rim ventilation is required.

5.2.8. Control of worker exposure: Testing of solution composition


(PROC 15)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Amount per use < 1 kg
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of an extraction hood with standard efficiency is required.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

5.2.9. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

5.2.10. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

5.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source

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5.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel
electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Discharge to
fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.126 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.038 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 5.61E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.79
Sediment (freshwater) 104.8 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation 0.961
method for metals)
Sewage Treatment Plant 0.038 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.114
Agricultural soil 17.26 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.577

5.3.2. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel
electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct
discharge to fresh water (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.034 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.01 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 4.85E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.683
Sediment (freshwater) 84.6 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.776
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

5.3.3. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel
electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct
discharge to marine water (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.06 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.018 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Marine water 2.01E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.234
Sediment (marine water) 61.2 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.561
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

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5.3.4. Worker exposure: Handling of low dusty materials (PROC 26)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

5.3.5. Worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw material


(PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

5.3.6. Worker exposure: Mixing and blending (PROC 5, PROC 4,


PROC 3)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

5.3.7. Worker exposure: Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming


and electroless nickel plating (PROC 13)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, local, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.011
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.12
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

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5.3.8. Worker exposure: Testing of solution composition (PROC 15)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, local, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.06
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

5.3.9. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

5.3.10. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

5.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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6. ES 6: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate


for surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets
6.1. Title section
Product category: Metal surface treatment products (PC 14)
Sector of use: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (SU 15),
General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment. (SU 17)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate for surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - ERC 5
Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
2: Use of nickel sulphate for surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - ERC 5
Direct discharge to fresh water
3: Use of nickel sulphate for surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - ERC 5
Direct discharge to marine water
Worker
4: Handling of low dusty materials PROC 26
5: Handling of solutions as raw material PROC 8b, PROC 9
6: Anodizing (dipping) PROC 13
7: Wet cleaning PROC 28
8: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

6.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


6.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for
surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - Discharge to
fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.033 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 8 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 240 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to biological sewage treatment plant
Municipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow >= 2E3 m3/day
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 10
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.8E4 m3/day

6.2.2. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for


surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - Direct discharge

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to fresh water (ERC 5)


Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 9E-3 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni as
this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 2.1 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 240 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 50
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.23E4 m3/day
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 250 m3/day

6.2.3. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for


surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - Direct discharge
to marine water (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.016 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 3.8 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 240 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to freshwater assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 250 m3/day

6.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Handling of low dusty materials


(PROC 26)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures

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Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.


Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

6.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw


material (PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

6.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Anodizing (dipping) (PROC 13)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Automated task
Use of a surfactant/wetting/foaming agent is required.
Use of a rim ventilation is required.

6.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

6.2.8. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

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Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours


Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

6.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


6.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
for surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - Discharge to
fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.126 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.038 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 5.61E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.79
Sediment (freshwater) 104.8 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation 0.961
method for metals)
Sewage Treatment Plant 0.038 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.114
Agricultural soil 17.26 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.577

6.3.2. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - Direct
discharge to fresh water (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.034 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.01 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 4.85E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.683
Sediment (freshwater) 84.6 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.776
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

6.3.3. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for surface treatment of anodised aluminium sheets - Direct
discharge to marine water (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.06 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.018 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

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Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Marine water 2.01E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.234
Sediment (marine water) 61.2 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.561
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

6.3.4. Worker exposure: Handling of low dusty materials (PROC 26)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

6.3.5. Worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw material


(PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

6.3.6. Worker exposure: Anodizing (dipping) (PROC 13)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, local, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.011
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.12
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

6.3.7. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

6.3.8. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

6.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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7. ES 7: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate


in selective plating in industrial settings
7.1. Title section
Product category: Metal surface treatment products (PC 14)
Sector of use: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment (SU 16),
General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment. (SU 17)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate in selective plating in industrial settings - Discharge to ERC 5
fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
Worker
2: Handling of low dusty materials PROC 26
3: Handling of solutions as raw material PROC 8b, PROC 9
4: Mixing and blending PROC 5, PROC 4
5: Manual selective plating by brushing PROC 10, PROC
8a
6: Wet cleaning PROC 28
7: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

7.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


7.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in
selective plating in industrial settings - Discharge to fresh water via
municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 1.86E-3 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 0.4 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 215 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to biological sewage treatment plant
Municipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow >= 2E3 m3/day
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 10
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.8E4 m3/day

7.2.2. Control of worker exposure: Handling of low dusty materials


(PROC 26)
Product (article) characteristics

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Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.


Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

7.2.3. Control of worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw


material (PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

7.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Mixing and blending (PROC 5,


PROC 4)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

7.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Manual selective plating by


brushing (PROC 10, PROC 8a)
Product (article) characteristics
Limit the substance content in the product to 10 %
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures

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Ensure movable capturing hood with standard efficiency is used.


Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

7.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

7.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

7.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


7.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
in selective plating in industrial settings - Discharge to fresh water
via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 6.51E-5 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 1.12E-3 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 2.9E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.409
Sediment (freshwater) 33.54 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation 0.308
method for metals)
Sewage Treatment Plant 1.95E-5 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) < 0.01

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Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

7.3.2. Worker exposure: Handling of low dusty materials (PROC 26)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

7.3.3. Worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw material


(PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

7.3.4. Worker exposure: Mixing and blending (PROC 5, PROC 4)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

7.3.5. Worker exposure: Manual selective plating by brushing


(PROC 10, PROC 8a)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.54
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.106 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.54
Inhalation, local, acute 0.106 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.066
Dermal, local, long term 0.055 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.125
Combined, systemic, long term 0.54

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

7.3.6. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

7.3.7. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

7.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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8. ES 8: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate


in the production of abrasive tools
8.1. Title section
Product category: Metal surface treatment products (PC 14)
Sector of use: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment.
(SU 17)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate in the production of abrasive tools - Direct discharge to ERC 5
fresh water
2: Use of nickel sulphate in the production of abrasive tools - No emissions to ERC 5
water
Worker
3: Handling of low dusty materials PROC 26
4: Handling of solutions as raw material PROC 8b, PROC 9
5: Mixing and blending PROC 5, PROC 4,
PROC 3
6: Deposition of nickel bonding layer for abrasive grains PROC 13
7: Testing of solution composition PROC 15
8: Wet cleaning PROC 28
9: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

8.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


8.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in
the production of abrasive tools - Direct discharge to fresh water
(ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 1E-3 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni as
this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 0.2 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 200 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 10
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.8E4 m3/day
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2E3 m3/day

8.2.2. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in


the production of abrasive tools - No emissions to water (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

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Daily amount per site <= 0.015 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Emission days >= 200 days/year
Annual amount per site <= 3 tonnes/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.

8.2.3. Control of worker exposure: Handling of low dusty materials


(PROC 26)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

8.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw


material (PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

8.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Mixing and blending (PROC 5,


PROC 4, PROC 3)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures

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Covers use at ambient temperatures.


Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

8.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Deposition of nickel bonding


layer for abrasive grains (PROC 13)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Automated task
Use of a surfactant/wetting/foaming agent is required.
Use of a rim ventilation is required.

8.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Testing of solution composition


(PROC 15)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Amount per use < 1 kg
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of an extraction hood with standard efficiency is required.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

8.2.8. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

8.2.9. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of

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compressed air is omitted.


Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

8.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


8.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
in the production of abrasive tools - Direct discharge to fresh water
(ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 5E-3 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 2E-3 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 3.08E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.434
Sediment (freshwater) 38.22 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation 0.351
method for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.2 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

8.3.2. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


in the production of abrasive tools - No emissions to water (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.03 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

8.3.3. Worker exposure: Handling of low dusty materials (PROC 26)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

8.3.4. Worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw material


(PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

8.3.5. Worker exposure: Mixing and blending (PROC 5, PROC 4,


PROC 3)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

8.3.6. Worker exposure: Deposition of nickel bonding layer for


abrasive grains (PROC 13)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, local, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.011
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.12
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

8.3.7. Worker exposure: Testing of solution composition (PROC 15)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 3E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.06
Inhalation, local, acute 0.01 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.06
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

8.3.8. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

8.3.9. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

8.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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9. ES 9: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel sulphate


for the production of plated electrodes in the battery
sector
9.1. Title section
Sector of use: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment (SU 16)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate for the production of plated electrodes in the battery ERC 5
sector - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
2: Use of nickel sulphate for the production of plated electrodes in the battery ERC 5
sector - Direct discharge to fresh water
3: Use of nickel sulphate for the production of plated electrodes in the battery ERC 5
sector - Direct discharge to marine water
Worker
4: Raw material handling (low dusty materials) PROC 26
5: Handling of solutions as raw material PROC 8b, PROC 9
6: Nickel electroplating PROC 4
7: Wet cleaning PROC 28
8: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

9.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


9.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for
the production of plated electrodes in the battery sector - Discharge
to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 2.884 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 796 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 276 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to biological sewage treatment plant
Municipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow >= 2E3 m3/day
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 10
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.8E4 m3/day

9.2.2. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for


the production of plated electrodes in the battery sector - Direct

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discharge to fresh water (ERC 5)


Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 2.884 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 796 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 276 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100
Receiving surface water flow >= 5.23E4 m3/day
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 528 m3/day

9.2.3. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate for


the production of plated electrodes in the battery sector - Direct
discharge to marine water (ERC 5)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 2.884 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 796 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 276 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to freshwater assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 528 m3/day

9.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Raw material handling (low dusty


materials) (PROC 26)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures

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Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.


Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

9.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw


material (PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

9.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Nickel electroplating (PROC 4)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Automated task
Use of a surfactant/wetting/foaming agent is required.
Use of a rim ventilation is required.

9.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

9.2.8. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

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Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours


Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

9.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


9.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
for the production of plated electrodes in the battery sector -
Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC
5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.123 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.073 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 5.55E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.782
Sediment (freshwater) 103.2 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation 0.947
method for metals)
Sewage Treatment Plant 0.037 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.112
Agricultural soil 17.24 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.577

9.3.2. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for the production of plated electrodes in the battery sector - Direct
discharge to fresh water (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.123 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.073 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 4.57E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.644
Sediment (freshwater) 77.5 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.711
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

9.3.3. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for the production of plated electrodes in the battery sector - Direct
discharge to marine water (ERC 5)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.123 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.073 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

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Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Marine water 1.97E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.229
Sediment (marine water) 60.1 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.551
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

9.3.4. Worker exposure: Raw material handling (low dusty materials)


(PROC 26)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

9.3.5. Worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw material


(PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

9.3.6. Worker exposure: Nickel electroplating (PROC 4)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 6E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.12
Inhalation, local, acute 0.017 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.011
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.12
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

9.3.7. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

9.3.8. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

9.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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10. ES 10: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel


sulphate for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in
the battery sector
10.1. Title section
Sector of use: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment (SU 16)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery ERC 6a
sector - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
2: Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery ERC 6a
sector - Direct discharge to fresh water
3: Use of nickel sulphate for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery ERC 6a
sector - Direct discharge to marine water
Worker
4: Raw material handling (low dusty materials) PROC 26
5: Handling of solutions as raw material PROC 8b, PROC 9
6: Reaction PROC 3
7: Wet cleaning PROC 28
8: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

10.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


10.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery sector -
Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC
6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 2.884 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 796 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 276 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to biological sewage treatment plant
Municipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.
Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow >= 2E3 m3/day
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 10
Receiving surface water flow >= 1.8E4 m3/day

10.2.2. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate

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for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery sector -


Direct discharge to fresh water (ERC 6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 2.884 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 796 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 276 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to marine water assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100
Receiving surface water flow >= 5.23E4 m3/day
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 528 m3/day

10.2.3. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery sector -
Direct discharge to marine water (ERC 6a)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 2.884 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 796 tonnes/year
Emission days >= 276 days/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
No discharge to freshwater assumed
Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= 100
Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 528 m3/day

10.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Raw material handling (low


dusty materials) (PROC 26)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours

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Technical and organisational conditions and measures


Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

10.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw


material (PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

10.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Reaction (PROC 3)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Damp solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Closed process with occasional opening.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

10.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

10.2.8. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)

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Product (article) characteristics


Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

10.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


10.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery sector -
Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant (ERC
6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.123 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.073 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 5.55E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.782
Sediment (freshwater) 103.2 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation 0.947
method for metals)
Sewage Treatment Plant 0.037 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.112
Agricultural soil 17.24 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.577

10.3.2. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery sector -
Direct discharge to fresh water (ERC 6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0.123 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.073 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Fresh water 4.57E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.644
Sediment (freshwater) 77.5 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.711
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

10.3.3. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate


for the manufacture of nickel dihydroxide in the battery sector -
Direct discharge to marine water (ERC 6a)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method

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Release route Release rate Release estimation method


Water 0.123 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0.073 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Marine water 1.97E-3 mg/L (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.229
Sediment (marine water) 60.1 mg/kg dw (PEC sediment calculation method 0.551
for metals)
Agricultural soil 16.20 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

10.3.4. Worker exposure: Raw material handling (low dusty


materials) (PROC 26)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

10.3.5. Worker exposure: Handling of solutions as raw material


(PROC 8b, PROC 9)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

10.3.6. Worker exposure: Reaction (PROC 3)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, local, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.042
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.44
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

10.3.7. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

10.3.8. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

10.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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11. ES 11: Formulation or re-packing; Use of nickel


sulphate in the formulation of micronutrient
additives for biogas production
11.1. Title section

Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate in the formulation of micronutrient additives for biogas ERC 2
production - No emissions to water
Worker
2: Nickel sulphate reception (solutions) PROC 4
3: Nickel sulphate reception (low dusty solid) PROC 26
4: Preparing the additive in solution PROC 3
5: Preparing the additive as solid PROC 3
6: Filling of solutions PROC 9
7: Filling of biodegradable bags PROC 9
8: Palletising PROC 21
9: Wet cleaning PROC 28
10: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

11.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


11.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate in
the formulation of micronutrient additives for biogas production -
No emissions to water (ERC 2)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.025 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 10 tonnes/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.

11.2.2. Control of worker exposure: Nickel sulphate reception


(solutions) (PROC 4)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.

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Covers use at ambient temperatures.


Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

11.2.3. Control of worker exposure: Nickel sulphate reception (low


dusty solid) (PROC 26)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

11.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Preparing the additive in


solution (PROC 3)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Closed process with occasional opening.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

11.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Preparing the additive as solid


(PROC 3)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Closed process with occasional opening.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

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11.2.6. Control of worker exposure: Filling of solutions (PROC 9)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

11.2.7. Control of worker exposure: Filling of biodegradable bags


(PROC 9)
Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solid.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Use of a local exhaust ventilation with standard efficiency is required.
Ensure automation of the process as far as technically feasible.
Semi-closed system
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

11.2.8. Control of worker exposure: Palletising (PROC 21)


Product (article) characteristics
Limit the substance content in the product to 1 %
Physical form covered in this ES: Massive object (biodegradable bags).

11.2.9. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

11.2.10. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust


(PROC 28)

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Product (article) characteristics


Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

11.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


11.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
in the formulation of micronutrient additives for biogas production -
No emissions to water (ERC 2)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0 kg/day Estimated release factor

11.3.2. Worker exposure: Nickel sulphate reception (solutions)


(PROC 4)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.3.3. Worker exposure: Nickel sulphate reception (low dusty solid)


(PROC 26)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.3.4. Worker exposure: Preparing the additive in solution (PROC

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3)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, local, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.042
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.44
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.3.5. Worker exposure: Preparing the additive as solid (PROC 3)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.022 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.44
Inhalation, local, acute 0.067 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.042
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.44
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.3.6. Worker exposure: Filling of solutions (PROC 9)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.3.7. Worker exposure: Filling of biodegradable bags (PROC 9)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.012 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.24
Inhalation, local, acute 0.036 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.022
Dermal, local, long term 0.11 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.25
Combined, systemic, long term 0.24
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.3.8. Worker exposure: Palletising (PROC 21)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 8E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.16
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.025 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 8E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.16
Inhalation, local, acute 0.025 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.016
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.16
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.3.9. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.3.10. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

11.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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12. ES 12: Use at industrial sites; Use of nickel


sulphate and nickel sulphate-derived micronutrients
in biogas production
12.1. Title section
Sector of use: Agriculture, forestry, fishery (SU 1)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate and nickel sulphate-derived micronutrients in biogas ERC 4
production
Worker
2: Handling of solutions (reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor) PROC 8b
3: Handling of biodegradable bags (reception and charging/discharging the PROC 21
bioreactor)
4: Wet cleaning PROC 28
5: Cleaning/removal of dust PROC 28

12.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


12.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
and nickel sulphate-derived micronutrients in biogas production
(ERC 4)
Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Daily amount per site <= 0.025 tonnes/day (All the amounts and concentrations are expressed as Ni
as this is the driver for the environmental risk assessment.)
Annual amount per site <= 9 tonnes/year
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.

12.2.2. Control of worker exposure: Handling of solutions (reception


and charging/discharging the bioreactor) (PROC 8b)
Product (article) characteristics
Limit the substance content in the product to 20 %
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

12.2.3. Control of worker exposure: Handling of biodegradable bags

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(reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor) (PROC 21)


Product (article) characteristics
Limit the substance content in the product to 1 %
Physical form covered in this ES: Massive object (biodegradable bags).

12.2.4. Control of worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Product (article) characteristics
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning machines such as power sweeper, no direct manual cleaning.
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

12.2.5. Control of worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC


28)
Product (article) characteristics
Physical form covered in this ES: Residual dust.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Cleaning is conducted using cleaning machines, in particular hovering is applied and the use of
compressed air is omitted.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
APF of RPE = 20 (95% respiratory protection). For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

12.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


12.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
and nickel sulphate-derived micronutrients in biogas production
(ERC 4)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 25 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Agricultural soil 16.2 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

12.3.2. Worker exposure: Handling of solutions (reception and


charging/discharging the bioreactor) (PROC 8b)

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Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR


effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

12.3.3. Worker exposure: Handling of biodegradable bags (reception


and charging/discharging the bioreactor) (PROC 21)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 8E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.16
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.025 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 8E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.16
Inhalation, local, acute 0.025 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.016
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.16
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

12.3.4. Worker exposure: Wet cleaning (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

12.3.5. Worker exposure: Cleaning/removal of dust (PROC 28)


Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 0.034 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.68
Inhalation, local, acute 0.203 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.127
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.68
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

12.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES

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Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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13. ES 13: Widespread use by professional workers;


Use of nickel sulphate and nickel sulphate-derived
micronutrients in compostable bags in biogas
production
13.1. Title section
Sector of use: Agriculture, forestry, fishery (SU 1)
Environment
1: Use of nickel sulphate and nickel sulphate-derived micronutrients in ERC 8b
compostable bags in biogas production
Worker
2: Handling of solutions (reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor) PROC 8b
3: Handling of biodegradable bags (reception and charging/discharging the PROC 21
bioreactor)

13.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure


13.2.1. Control of environmental exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
and nickel sulphate-derived micronutrients in compostable bags in
biogas production (ERC 8b)
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or
ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber
Conditions and measures related to biological sewage treatment plant
Municipal sewage treatment plant is assumed.
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Dispose of waste product or used containers according to local regulations.

13.2.2. Control of worker exposure: Handling of solutions (reception


and charging/discharging the bioreactor) (PROC 8b)
Product (article) characteristics
Limit the substance content in the product to 20 %
Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low.
Physical form covered in this ES: Solution and other liquid materials, e.g. suspensions are also
covered.
Amount used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Covers use at ambient temperatures.
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Wear suitable gloves tested to EN374.; For further specification, refer to section 8 of the SDS.

13.2.3. Control of worker exposure: Handling of biodegradable bags


(reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor) (PROC 21)
Product (article) characteristics
Limit the substance content in the product to 1 %

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Physical form covered in this ES: Massive object (biodegradable bags).

13.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source


13.3.1. Environmental release and exposure: Use of nickel sulphate
and nickel sulphate-derived micronutrients in compostable bags in
biogas production (ERC 8b)
Release route Release rate Release estimation method
Water 0 kg/day Estimated release factor
Air 0 kg/day Estimated release factor
Soil 0.55 kg/day Estimated release factor

Protection target Exposure estimate RCR


Agricultural soil 16.2 mg/kg dw (EUSES 2.1.2) 0.542

13.3.2. Worker exposure: Handling of solutions (reception and


charging/discharging the bioreactor) (PROC 8b)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 9E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.18
Inhalation, local, acute 0.027 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.017
Dermal, local, long term 0.06 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.136
Combined, systemic, long term 0.18
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

13.3.3. Worker exposure: Handling of biodegradable bags (reception


and charging/discharging the bioreactor) (PROC 21)
Route of exposure and type of Exposure estimate RCR
effects
Inhalation, systemic, long term 8E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.16
Inhalation, systemic, acute 0.025 mg/m³ (Measured data) < 0.01
Inhalation, local, long term 8E-3 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.16
Inhalation, local, acute 0.025 mg/m³ (Measured data) 0.016
Dermal, local, long term 0.076 µg/cm² (Measured data) 0.173
Combined, systemic, long term 0.16
Combined, systemic, acute < 0.01

13.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside


the boundaries set by the ES
Guidance: Please refer to Section 0.3 of this “ES for Communication”.

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