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Design of compact microstrip bandpass filter using square DMS slots for Wi-
Fi and bluetooth applications

Article  in  TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) · June 2021

DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v19i3.18768

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TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control
Vol. 19, No. 3, June 2021, pp. 724~729
ISSN: 1693-6930, accredited First Grade by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018
DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v19i3.18768  724

Design of compact microstrip bandpass filter using square DMS

slots for Wi-Fi and bluetooth applications

A. Belmajdoub1, M. Jorio2, S. Bennani3, A. Lakhssassi4, M. Amzi5

1, 2, 3, 5Laboratory of SIGER, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
4Laboratory of IMA, University of Quebec, Canada

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: This paper presents the design of a compact bandpass filter based on two
identical rectangular resonators and is implemented on microstrip technology
Received Aug 5, 2020 for Wi-Fi and bluetoothapplications. To reduce the size of the filter, the
Revised Nov 5, 2020 defected microstrip structure (DMS) technique is proposed. This technique
Accepted Nov 25, 2020 consists of etching slots in the rectangular resonator, which results in a
change in the line properties and increase of the effective inductance and
capacitance. This feature is used for miniaturization. The designed filter has a
Keywords: compact size (6.82x8.3) mm² with a low insertion loss of -0.1 dB and a good
return loss of -36 dB. The simulation results are realized using the (computer
Band pass filter simulation technology) CST Microwave software.
DMS
Microstrip technology
Rectangular resonator
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SAlicense.

Corresponding Author:
Abdelhafid Belmajdoub
Laboratory of SIGER, Faculty of Sciences and Technics
Universityof Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
Fez, Morocco
Email: belmajdoub.abdelhafid@gmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid evolution of wireless communications systems like Wi-Fi and bluetoothapplications
increases the demand for the design of radio frequency (RF) filters having a low insertion loss, good
matching level, compact size, and good selectivity [1]. A bandpass filter is one of the most important devices
in the wireless communications systems, which can filter out the noise or reduce the interference of the
external signals that could affect the quality or the performance of any communication system. Its conception
is directly related to the performance and the type of desired application [2].
The real challenge that the researchers now face is thus obtaining bandpass filters that are
characterized by their excellent matching level, low insertion loss, small size, and ease of fabrication. For
this, several research works have proposed techniques to reduce filter size while keeping good performances,
such as open-loop ring resonators [3-6], parallel-coupled lines [7-11], stepped-impedance resonator
(SIR) [12, 13] and defected ground structure (DGS) [14-17].
The defected microstrip structure (DMS) is one of the most techniques used to reduce the filter size
due to its easy design, makes it with high compactness, high-quality factor, and more easily integrated with
other RF devices. This technique is realized by etching slots in the microstrip line, which disturb the current
distribution. Therefore, the effective inductance and capacitance of the micro-strip line are changed. This
change affects the resonance characteristics in the frequency response. However, these characteristics can be
used to design compact microwave components [18-23].

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TELKOMNIKATelecommun Comput El Control  725

In this paper, a compact microstrip bandpass filter based on two identical rectangular resonators
using the DMS technique has been presented, which is a continuation of another work [24, 25]. The design
procedure follows two main steps. The first is to etch square DMS slots on a conventional rectangular
resonator which can be controlled to reduce the resonator size. Whereas the second step consists in
associating of two identical modified resonators to determine the performances of the filter in terms of
bandwidth, matching level and insertion loss. The proposed compact bandpass filter is simulated, optimized
and implemented on an RT6010 substrate with a dielectric constant of 10.2, a thickness of 1.27 mm and a
tangent loss of 0.0023, it has a very small size of (6.82x8.3) mm² with low insertion loss (-0.1 dB) and good
matching level (-36 dB). The simulation results are carried out using the CST Microwave software.
The paper organization is given as follows. In section 1, the background, related works, and novelty
of this paper are described. In section 2.1, the proposed rectangular resonator geometry and its characteristics
are presented. Then, square-shaped DMS is integrated into the resonator to reduce its size with good
unloaded quality factor and in section 2.2; we associate two identical rectangular resonators for designing a
compact bandpass filter with good electrical performances. In section 3, a conclusion is made to show the
finding and benefits of the proposed bandpass filter design.

2. COMPACT BANDPASS FILTER DESIGN AND MINIATURIZATION

The main objective of this work is to design a compact bandpass filter for wireless communication
applications (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) by using modified rectangular resonator. The bandpass filter is designed
by using RT6010 substrate and it is simulated using CST tool. The desired filter is estimated to have a
compact size of (6.82x8.3) mm2, with better electrical performances meeting the specifications Table 1.

Table 1. Specifications of the desiredfilter

Parameters Values
Center frequency (f0) 2.4 GHz
Bandwidth (BW) 300 MHz
Matching level (S11) <-15 dB
Insertion loss (S21) >-0.5 dB

2.1. The conventional rectangular resonator characteristics

The geometry of the conventional rectangular resonator [24] consists of five microstrip line sections
closed by a lumped capacitor (1.15 pF) and implemented on a dielectric substrate RT6010 with thickness
h=1.27 mm and relative permittivity ԑr=10.2, as shown in Figure 1. This resonator operates at 2.4 GHz with
an unloaded quality factor of around 128.55. This value is in the interval values corresponding to microstrip
filters [25]. All the dimensions of the conventional rectangular resonator are summarized in Table 2.
To reduce the size of this conventional resonator, a simple square DMS slot is integrated into
microstrip line section L1 (Figure 2 (a)). The integration of the square slot (DMS) impacts the resonance
frequency which has shifted from 2.4 to 2.18 GHz (Figure 2 (b)). To find the frequency fixed in the
specifications (2.4 GHz), we proceed to an adjustment of “L1” and “a”, thus leading to a reduction in the
dimensions of the resonator.

(a) (b)

Figure 1. (a) Microstrip technology, (b) Configuration of the conventional rectangular resonator

At the fixed resonance frequency, and by varying “a” and “L1”, we analyze the unloaded quality
factorQ 0 , which can be used to measure the loss of the resonant circuit. Q 0 is obtained from the frequency
response of the circuit (Figure 2 (a)) using (1-2) [1]:

Design of compact microstrip bandpass filter using square DMS slots for Wi-Fi and… (A. Belmajdoub)
726  ISSN:1693-6930

Q
Q0 = (1)
1−S21

f0
Q= (2)
BW

with q the loaded quality factor, S21 is the insertion loss at the resonance frequency f0 and BW is the
bandwidth.
For each couple of “a” and “L1”, while the resonant frequency is fixed at 2.4 GHz, Q 0 is calculated.
Table 3 summarizes obtained results. From the analysis of the results in the Table 3, and by making a
compromise between the size of the resonator and Q 0 , the best compromise is obtained for the iteration 4
with the best Q 0 and a reduced size.

Table 2. Dimensions of the conventional rectangular resonator

Parameters Values (mm)
W 1.17
L1 7.285
L2 3
G 1

(a) (b)

Figure 2. (a) Square slot DMS configuration, (b) Simulated S21 (dB) of the proposed resonator with and
without DMS

Table 3. The parametric study of “a”and“L1”

Iteration a (mm) Size L1xL2 (mm²) Q0
1 0.2 (7.175x3) 114.52
2 0.4 7.05x3 127.83
3 0.6 6.85x3 133.69
4 0.8 6.45x3 134.31
5 0.99 5.7x3 129.90

2.2. Bandpass filter based on two identical rectangular resonators

To obtain a band pass filter for Wi-Fi and bluetooth applications with two transmission zeros, good
matching level (S11<-15 dB) and low insertion loss (S21>-1 dB), with a bandwidth about 300 MHz, an
optimal configuration of filter based on microstrip technology is proposed Figure 3. This structure consists of
two identical coupled rectangular resonators separated by the distance “S”, and connected with two feed
lines (50 Ω). These resonators are implemented on a RT6010 substratewith a thickness of 1.27 mm,
a dielectric constant of 10.2and tangent loss of 0.0023. The optimal feed line location (d = 3.01 mm) can be
estimated by [1]:

2(𝐿1 +𝐿2 ) 𝜋
𝑑= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 (√ ) (3)
𝜋 2𝑄𝑒

𝑔0 𝑔1
𝑄𝑒 = = 6.74 (4)
𝐹𝐵𝑊

where 𝑄𝑒 is the external quality factor, g0 = 1 and g1 = 0.8431 are the normalized values of a Chebyshev 0.1
dB and FBW is the relative bandwidth (0.125).

TELKOMNIKATelecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 19, No. 3, June 2021: 724-729

TELKOMNIKATelecommun Comput El Control  727

Figure 3. Layout of proposed band pass filter

In order to get the optimal distance between the rectangular resonators, a parametric study of “S” is
presented in Figures 4 and 5. This study based on the coupling between theresonators that constitute the
bandpass filter. When twostrictly identical resonators are placed side by side, theresonance modes of each of
them are disturbed. Thisperturbation that corresponds to the coupling depends on the inter-resonators
distance “S”.
Table 4 shows variations of the return loss, insertion loss and bandwidth with the change of the
distance S. From this table, we can see that the bandwidth can be decreased by increasing the inter-resonator
space "S", at the same time, the level of the insertion loss decrease, so, the best performance in terms of
adaptation, insertion loss and bandwidth is obtained for S = 0.3 mm.
Figure 6 demonstrates the final results of the proposed bandpass filter in terms of matching level
S11, insertion loss S21, and bandwidth. It is observed that the proposed filter provides bandwidth equals 300
MHz at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz, and a matching level S11 of -36 dB. The corresponding insertion loss
S21 is equal to -0.1 dB. The two transmission zeros are visible at the frequencies, 2.05 GHz and 2.7 GHz,
which indicates a sharp cut before and after the bandwidth.

Figure 4. Simulated results of reflexion lossfor Figure 5. Simulated results of insertion loss for
different values of S different values of S

Table 4. The parametric study of S

S (mm) S11 (dB) S21 (dB) BW (GHz)
0.26 -23 -0.15 0.323
0.28 -26.32 -0.12 0.311
0.3 -36.75 -0.1 0.3
0.32 -35.16 -0.1 0.29
0.34 -27364 -0.11 0.28

To validate the filter performances, the current distribution is examined. Figure 7 shows the current
distributions for the designed filter at 2.4 GHz (bandwidth) and 4 GHz (bandstop). From the analysis of
Figure 7, it can be seen that the current shows maximum distribution at 2.4 GHz and a minimum distribution
at 4 GHz. This means that the designed filter offers total transmission in bandwidth and total reflexion in
bandstop. The performance of the proposed bandpass filter is summarized in Table 4 with other reported
works for comparison. It can be seen from Table 5 that the proposed filter has a very small size (6.82x8.3)
mm² with good performances than those reported in the literature.

Design of compact microstrip bandpass filter using square DMS slots for Wi-Fi and… (A. Belmajdoub)
728  ISSN:1693-6930

Figure 6. S parameters for proposed DMS filter

Figure 7. Current distribution at: (a) 2.4 GHz and (b) 4 GHz

Table 5. Performance comparison with previous works

Ref f0 (GHz) BW (GHz) Insertion loss (dB) Size(mm²)
[6] 2.4 0.29 0.23 9.4x23.1
[25] 2.4 0.3 0.01 7.485x8.18
[26] 2.4 0.12 0.91 22x22
[27] 2.4 0.07 0.32 18x18
This work 2.4 0.3 0.1 6.82x8.3

3. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a microstrip bandpass filter using the modified rectangular resonator has been
presented. The modified rectangular resonator based on the DMS slot offers advantages of simple topology,
miniature size, and a good unloaded quality factor (134.31). The designed filter demonstrates enhanced
passband behavior with a center frequency of 2.40 GHz and bandwidth fixed at 300 MHz. This filter is
characterized by a good matching level of -36 dB and a very low insertion loss of -0.1 dB. Two transmission
zeros are located at 2.05 GHz and 2.7 GHz. This obtained results show that this filter provides a reasonable
matching level and insertion loss as well as offering overall filter dimensions of 6.82×8.3 mm² which makes
the proposed filter very desirable for bluetoothand Wi-Fi applications.

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Design of compact microstrip bandpass filter using square DMS slots for Wi-Fi and… (A. Belmajdoub)

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