T. Casey, et al.

Vibrational Spectroscopy 109 (2020) 103065

Table 3 and could give different Raman signature than pure semen samples.
Classification results of random forest model for twenty-seven EI substances Another very important aspect associated with crime scenes is the
where N = number of spectra and mean ± standard deviation (SD). substrates where samples could be deposited. It is most likely to find
N Mean SD materials or traces of fluids left on different surfaces. This would raise
the problem of background interference in Raman spectra. Therefore, it
Apple 20 0.45 0.03 is extremely important to study samples deposited on various substrates
Apple juice 20 0.42 0.01
mimicking real forensic scenarios.
Assam black tea 19 0.55 0.07
Banana 10 0.38 0.06
Black tea 17 0.54 0.06 Author statement
Contact solution 20 0.43 0.04
Contraceptive foam 20 0.62 0.03
All authors have seen and approved the final version of the manu-
Cream cheese 20 0.52 0.05
Egg white 16 0.38 0.07
script. They warrant that the article is the authors' original work, has
Fabric softener 20 0.37 0.04 not received prior publication and is not under consideration for pub-
Heavy cream 20 0.56 0.03 lication elsewhere.
Lemon juice 20 0.31 0.04
Lotion 25 0.42 0.02
Declaration of Competing Interest
Onion 19 0.42 0.08
Oolong tea 20 0.61 0.04
Orange juice 18 0.45 0.03 The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
Personal lubricant 20 0.55 0.01
interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influ-
Salt water 0.1% 20 0.50 0.09
Salt water 0.01% 17 0.50 0.09 ence the work reported in this paper.
Shampoo 20 0.54 0.04
Sour cream 20 0.54 0.04 Acknowledgments
Soy milk 19 0.60 0.07
Strawberry 18 0.43 0.05
Tomato 20 0.39 0.05
This project was supported by Awards No. 2017-DN-BX-0135
Toothpaste 20 0.63 0.02 and2017-R2-CX-0006awarded by the National Institute of Justice,
Whole milk 20 0.62 0.03 Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions,
Yogurt 20 0.35 0.07 findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this pub-
lication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of
the U.S. Department of Justice.
Table 3 shows the classification results (N = number of spectra,
mean ± standard deviation; SD) for twenty-seven EI substances given
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