13-09-2022

ASEAN is more effective than SAARC. Critically analyze for what statement and what SAARC can learn
from ASEAN.

Why SAARC is ineffective and what type of challenges are faced by SAARC also give recommendation.

What can SAARC learn from UN?

Future of SAARC and India Pakistan rivalry?
-Covid and post covid action, what were the policies of Pakistan and India?

Principles of SAARC
 Comply with UN charter.
This means that whatever SAARC does has to be approved by the UN
 Non-interference in international affairs of states
 Respect for sovereignty
These states have their own identity, border and flag. Therefore you have to respect a certain state.

You shouldn’t use force.

Last summit of SAARC was held on 2014, in 2016 Pakistan was supposed to be hold. IN URE Kashmir
an attack occurred so India and Pakistan
2018
2020: Covid, how to protect the meeting.

Why is SAARC ineffective and what types of challenges are faced?

 Slow development (crippling development)
India, Maldives and Sri Lanka (middle income state) discuss GDP etc while writing.
 Nepal is a landlocked state, it needs trading, it wants free trade agreement. So, it signed a treaty
in 1950s that no tax will be signed. But India violated that.
 Extremism: Orthodox culture of Afghanistan, taliban, caste issues.
 Terrorism: started from Afghanistan, how many terror attacks occurred in Afghanistan, Pakistan
etc?
 Illiteracy: how many people are educated? What is the education system like.
 Water Dispute: India causing problems.

Recommendation
Severe consequences
UN should work as an international super power and control that issue. It should become functional
Observer states should be involved.
Charter should be amended, so China can be a part of it. Just like ASEAN.
Bilateral issues should be resolved but UN says that it shouldn’t be a matter of a region.

Why is SAARC ineffective and what type of challenges are faced by SAARC? Also give
recommendations.

Introduction
There are many challenges that are faced by SAARC which makes this organization non-functional.
Even though the organization (SAARC) is not fulfilling its true purpose, yet the organization still exists
today. SAARC is ineffective because many factors that take place in the South Asian region. One of the
major challenge that is faced by SAARC is the rivalry between the two nuclear power states; India and
Pakistan. The clash between the two states is holding back SAARC from its annual summits. Other
challenges include other landlocked countries such as Nepal, Afghanistan and Bhutan which needs to
trade with India either from one way or the other. These countries often sign a treaty with India to
reduce or exclude taxes while trading. Sometimes these treaties are violated, which adds up to the
challenges faced by SAARC. Other than that, the South Asian region does not have a high literacy rate.
It is still a developing region, some countries face extremism and terrorism. All these factors that
effect the functioning of SAARC is going to be explained below.

14-09-2022

UNITED NATIONS
There are two types of organizations; regional and national.
Background: WWI: 1914
Nobody knew that wars would be so destructed, Germany was super destructive,
Ottoman empire collapsed.
A treaty was signed known as the treaty of Versailles.
Peace and prosperity: League of Nation, they meant to solve issues on a certain
platform.
52 states in UN. They made rules and regulations.

-Hitler becomes a chancellor of Germany. He tells the people that you are being
humiliated. So WWII occurs, in 1939 to 1948,.
-Defined international laws
Observers:
-Palestine
-Holysee (Vatican city)
Book: World and Pakistan Affairs by Shamshad Ahmad.
Permanent members: those members who sign the charter,
Observer : UN doesn’t approve them to be a state, due to some personal matter.

UN has many other organizations or institutes such as WHO,

League of nation 1999, an organization should be made that maintains peace and
has a friendly atmosphere.
Working languages: English and French
Who suggested the name “UN”
-in 1947 an American President Franklin Roosevelt