Prelim Discussion No.

BEFORE DOING THE ATTEMPT, TRY TO ANSWER THESE QUESTION. Thank you.

Question No. 1

Light from a chromatic light source strikes a surface. Twenty percent is reflected and 30% is absorbed.
What percentage of the light incident on the surface is transmitted? What are the reflectance,
absorptance, and transmittance values? In your opinion, is the surface receiving the light or dark in
color? Is the surface translucent or opaque? Explain/justify your answer/s (no less than 150 words).

As the light from a chromatic light source struck a specific surface, portions of such light striking
the surface were being reflected from the surface, some were transmitted through the surface and
other portions were being absorbed by the surface. Hence, we can say that the sum of surface’s
transmittance, absorptance and reflectance will always be equal to 1.0. It was being stated in the
problem that 20% of the light striking a surface from a chromatic source is being reflected and 30% of it
is being absorbed. Therefore, one can say that 50% of the light incident on the surface is being
transmitted. From the mentioned percentages with regards to the light incident on the surface being
reflected, absorbed and transmitted, one can infer that the reflectance, absorptance, and transmittance
values are 0.20, 0.30 and 0.50 respectively. By merely observing the surface values on reflectance,
absorptance and transmittance, I think the surface receiving the light is somewhat dark in color. It is
because its reflectance value is not that high for the surface receiving the light to be considered as light
in color. If we try to refer on Table 20.2 on the REFLECTANCES (ρ) OF COMMON COLORED SURFACES, we
can observe that brown colored surfaces tend to have a reflectance value between 0.20 to 0.40. Based
from these values shown in the table, it is very evident that the color of the surface where the light from
a chromatic source struck in this problem might be somewhat related to the color brown, which can be
regarded as dark color. With regards to the properties of the surface receiving the light, it is very
obvious that the surface is not opaque but translucent since it has a transmittance value. We cannot say
that the surface is opaque for a reason that opaque surfaces will never have a transmittance value. By
definition, opaque objects/surfaces transmit no light, instead, they only reflect and absorb light. Hence,
the surface in this problem can be considered as translucent.
Question No. 2

Noon sunlight strikes a stained glass window. After it passes through the glass, the transmitted light
appears blue from the inside of the building. What size wavelengths of light are transmitted through the
glass? What size wavelengths of light did not pass through the glass? Explain your answer/s (no less than
150 words).

Stained glass window is capable of absorbing, reflecting and transmitting the light that may
strike on its surface. Through this, stained glass window is also capable of transmitting, absorbing and
reflecting the wavelengths of the visible light which is capable of initiating responses in our eyes. What
we see are only limited to distinguish colors included in the visible spectrum of wavelengths ranging
from 380 nm to 750 nm. In this problem, as the light passed through the stained glass window, it tends
to appear blue from inside the building for a reason that the stained glass window in this problem is only
capable of transmitting blue wavelengths. The rest of the wavelengths in the visible spectrum are either
reflected from the stained glass window surface or absorbed by the stained glass window surface. Since
blue color dominated as the light struck the stained glass window, it can be inferred that the
wavelengths ranging from 380 nm to 490 nm in the visible spectrum are the size wavelengths of light
being transmitted through the stained glass window. On the other hand, since the latter is only capable
of transmitting size wavelengths from 380 nm to 490 nm, the rest of the wavelengths in the visible
spectrum, specifically wavelengths ranging from 490 nm to 770 nm, did not pass through the stained
glass window. Such size wavelengths may be reflected or absorbed by the surface. The mere fact is that
the stained glass window in this scenario is only limited to transmit size wavelengths of light from 380
nm to 490 nm, thus, making the transmitted light inside the building to appear bluish in the human eyes.
The material properties present in the stained glass window have something to do with this limited
transmission of the size wavelengths of light through the surface.

Question No. 3

Two coins are dropped on the sidewalk at night. One coin falls under a street lamp and the other coin
falls a distance away from the lamp. What must happen for the coin that fell under the street lamp to be
seen? What must happen for the coin that fell a distance away from street lamp to be seen? What
factors influence whether these coins will be seen? Explain your answer/s (no less than 150 words).

Street lamp plays a very important role for objects to become visible at night. Street lamp serves
as the light source in which the light from it will strike surface causing the struck surface to be visible in
the human eyes. Without the street lamp during nighttime, human eyes will never see anything but
completely darkness. The absence of a light source will result to absence of colors. Light sources such as
street lamps can be deemed very valuable for these would cause nonluminous objects to be illuminated,
thus, making it visible in the human eye. If it happens that during nighttime, two coins are dropped on
the sidewalk in which one coin falls under a street lamp and the other coin falls a distance away from
the lamp. Coins is considered to be a nonluminous object. It cannot produce its own light, hence, for it
to be visible in the eyes of humans, it should be illuminated by a light source. For the coin that fell under
the street lamp to be seen, it should be of high illuminance and the coin should be capable of reflecting
the light into our eyes. The coin should be of not so high and not so low reflectance, per se. On the other
hand, for the case of the coin that fell a distance away from the street lamp, for it to be visible in the
eyes of the people, the street lamp should be of high luminous intensity and the distance of the coin
shouldn’t be very far from the light source. The distance of the coin from the light source should be
within the range of the light source’s capability to illuminate objects at a certain distance. From the
aforementioned, it can be inferred that for things to become visible in the eyes of humans, reflectance,
illuminance, luminous intensity, area of the surface as well as the distance of the object from the light
source should be taken into consideration. These are just few of those factors that may influence the
visibility of an object, especially during nighttime.

Prelim Assign. No. 1

BEFORE DOING THE ATTEMPT, TRY TO ANSWER THESE QUESTION. Thank you.

Solve the following problems:

1. A 2000-candela light source emits a beam of light. The source is held 4 ft above the surface. The
surface can be sloped at various angles. Determine the luminous intensity, in lux, on the surface if it held
at 10 deg., 20 deg., and 30 deg. angles measured from horizontal. (30 points)
2. Fixture manufacturer’s data for a two-lamp linear fluorescent luminaire provides a luminaire
efficiency of 0.68, a luminaire power inp ut (watts) of 70 W, and ballast factor of 0.95. Data from the
lamp manufacturer indicates that the fluorescent lamps under consideration will output 2750 lumens.
Compute the LER. (30 points)

3. Illumination of a 100 ft by 140 ft conference center lobby requires 40-400 W metal halide luminaires.
Assume each luminaire consumes 435 W including the ballast. Determine the power density of this
lighting installation. (40 points)

Notes:

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