Name: Mohamed Yacin Absieh

Register ID: 19109905

Definitions

Tide: the periodical vertical oscillations of the sea in response to the tide raising forces of the Moon and
Sun

Tidal Stream: The Periodical horizontal oscillations of the sea in response to the tide raising forces of the
Moon and the Sun.

Chart datum: The charted depths are depths below a selected level of the sea called charted datum.
This level is devised so that it is below low tide level.

High Water (H.W.): The highest level reached by the sea during one tidal oscillation.

Low Water (L.W.): The lowest level reached by the sea during one tidal oscillation.

RANGE OF THE TIDE: The difference between the levels of successive high and low waters.

HEIGHT OF THE TIDE (Ht. of Tide): The vertical distance between the chart datum and the level of the
sea at any instant.

RISE: The vertical distance between the level of the sea at any instant and the level of low water.
Rise = Rang x Factor

FACTOR: The ratio between the rise and the range at certain interval time between the time of H.W. and
the time of tide.

MEAN SEA LEVEL (MSL): The average level of the sea surface over a long period, preferably 18.6 years,
or the average level which would exist in the absence of tides.

Duration: The period of time in hours and minutes between the time of L.W and the time of H.W
following to it or between the time of H.W and time of L.W following to it.

Interval: The interval of time in hours and minutes between the time of HW and the time of Tide
+ when time of tide after time of HW
‐ when time of tide before time of HW
Interval = time of HW + (‐) time of Tide

MHWS is the average of the heights of two successive high waters during when the range of the tide is
greatest.
MLWS is the average height obtained by two successive low waters during the same periods.

MHWN is the average of the heights of two successive high waters during when the range of the tide is
least.
MLWN is the average height obtained by two successive low waters during the same periods.
SPRING TIDE are especially strong tides. Occur when the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are in a line. The
gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun both contribute to the tides. Spring tides occur during the
full moon and the new moon.

NEAP TIDE are especially weak tides. They occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun
are perpendicular to one another (with respect to the Earth). Neap tides occur during quarter moons.

CAUSES OF TIDE: Tides are caused by the effects of gravity in the earth‐moon‐sun system, and the
movement of those three bodies within the system.