JOSEPH ESTRADA’S ADMINISTRATION
(interconnected with social issues)
➢ POLITICAL
Estrada’s presidency was short, yet
full of corruption and scandals
Bribery
• from November 1998 to August
2000, Estrada has received P10
million a month as bribery from
jueteng lords as protection
money channeled through Luis
C. Singson, provincial governor
of Ilocos Sur
Graft and Corrupt practices
• he directly requested or
received for his personal
benefit P130 million out of the
P200 million released by
Secretary Benjamin Diokno of
the Department of Budget and
Management
• he participated directly in the
real estate business thru family-
controlled corporation which
constructed 36 townhouses
Antipolo City
• He filed his Statement of Assets
and Liabilities for the year 1999,
stating therein that he and his
family have business interests in
only three (3) corporations
Plunder and Perjury
• the offense of unexplained
wealth because records show
that he and his wife and
mistresses and their children
have other interests in other
companies outside of the firms
listed in his Statement of Assets
and Liabilities.
Betrayal of Public Trust
• violated his own oath of office
when he unduly intervened in
the Securities and Exchange
Commission on behalf of a
presidential crony.
PHILIPPINES’ FIRST PRESIDENT TO BE
OUSTED
• the Philippine Senate began
an impeachment trial, but it
was abandoned after some
senators blocked the
admission of evidence.
• numerous tales of Estrada’s
luxurious living surfaced in the
media, undermining his
magnanimous image.
• Rallies snowballed throughout
the country, Estrada was
ousted amid mass protests,
and his vice president, Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo, ascended
to the presidency.
• Later that year Estrada was
brought to trial on charges of
plunder
ESTRADA’S ARREST
• In September 2007 he was
convicted of plundering where
he was placed under hospital
arrest and then house arrest
pending the completion of his
trial. and sentenced to a
maximum of 40 years in prison
but was pardoned by the
president then, Arroyo.
ESTRADA’S FAILED PRESIDENCY
TRIGERRED EDSA REVOLUTION II
 • EDSA People Power II, as it
came to be known, was a
series of protests held from
January 16 to 20, 2001, against
former president Joseph
Estrada who was then facing
plunder charges. The protests
eventually triggered Estrada's
downfall – and paved the way
for Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo,
his vice president, to enter the
spotlight in the political scene.
CRONYISM
• Despite numerous
constitutional prohibition
positively interpreted by the
Supreme Court, President
Estrada appointed the
numerous kompadres to other
governement offices or
employment.
MORO WAR
• A cessation of hostilities
agreement was signed
between the Government and
Moro Islamic Liberation front of
MILF to keep the peace in 1997
which was followed by a series
of peace talks.
• However, the MILF’s will to be
an independent Islamic state
prevailed and a series of series
attacks were made.
• All in all, there are terrorist
attacks, kidnapping, setting of
fire of a municioal hall,
bombing, and takeover of a
national highway
• Upon knowing that the MILF
has links with Al Qaeda which
was a broad-based militant
Islamist organization founded
by Osama Bin Laden, President
Estrada declared an “all-out-
war” against the MILF
• After 3 months, all of the
headquarters fell and came
under control of the
government.
• President Estrada then went to
Mindanao to raise the
Philippine Flag as a sign of
victory
ECONOMIC: The Economy Under the
Estrada Administration
• Estrada’s administration was
severely criticized for cronyism,
incompetence, and
corruption, causing it to lose
the confidence of foreign
investors. Foreign investors'
confidence was further
damaged when, in his second
year, Estrada was accused of
exerting influence in an
investigation of a friend's
involvement in stock market
manipulation. Social unrest
brought about by numerous
bombing threats, actual
bombings, kidnappings, and
other criminal activities
contributed to the economy's
troubles.
• Toward the end of Estrada's
administration, the fiscal deficit
had doubled to more than
P100 billion from a low of P49
billion in 1998.
• Faced a large fiscal deficit due
to the decrease in tax effort
and the repayment of the
 Ramos administration's debt to producers simultaneously pulled their
contractors and suppliers. advertisements in the Inquirer. The
presidential palace was widely
• The economy of the Philippines implicated in the advertising boycott,
is hampered by huge foreign prompting sharp criticism from
debt, a low savings rate, international press freedom
inefficient tax collection, watchdogs.
inadequate infrastructure,
poor agricultural performance, The Manila Times controversy- Estrada
and other criminal activities launched a libel suit against the
that contributed to the country's oldest newspaper the
economy's troubles. Manila Times over a story that alleged
corruption in the awarding of a public
• Debt reached P2.1 trillion in works project. Within three months
1999. Domestic debt the Manila Times was sold to a
amounted to P986.7 billion "housing magnate with no previous
while foreign debt stood at newspaper experience and was
US$52.2 billion. quickly shut down.
SOCIAL: HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION
• Midnight Drinking Sessions
During Estrada’s time, Members of during meetings
the security forces were responsible
for extrajudicial killings, Estrada was reported by his Chief of
disappearances, torture, arbitrary Staff Aprodicio Laquian to have
arrest and detention, and other allegedly spent long hours drinking
physical abuse of suspects. with shady characters as well as
According to the statistics of the "midnight drinking sessions" with some
Government's Commission on Human of his cabinet members during
Rights (CHR), members of the police meetings.
continued to be the leading abusers
CULTURAL
of human rights from in illegal
activities, including coerced Territorial Disputes: Estrada and
protection, kidnaping gangs, drug Arroyo’s promise to China
syndicates, and illegal logging.
• There was an incident
• FALSEHOOD and FABRICATION between Chinese and
OF NEWS Philippine Vessels during the
Maritime Conflict back in 2014.
The Philippine Daily Inquirer ads • A week after the dispute,
pullout- Estrada criticized the China revealed that two
Philippine Daily Inquirer, the nation's previous presidents made an
most popular broadsheet newspaper “unequivocal commitment to
for "bias, malice and fabrication" China” stating that the
against him. In 1999, several Philippines would tow away the
government organizations, pro-
Estrada businesses, and movie
 BRP Sierra Madre ship from the
Ayungin Shoal.
• These promises were made in
1999 by Pres. Estrada, and
reiterated by Pres. Arroyo in
2003.
EFFECTS OF ISSUES IN THE
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
Bribery- Since it is an act of giving
something to someone as protection
for an individual’s wrong action, it
erodes the trust, we have in the
public sector to act in our best
interests. Even up to this day’s
government it is rampant, an
unethical practice as it increases
wealth inequality and supports
corrupt regimes.
GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES- In
today’s modern world, corrupted
economies are not able to function
properly because graft and corrupt
practices prevents the natural laws of
the economy from functioning freely.
Like former President Joseph E.
Estrada who stands guilty of graft and
corruption, violated the Anti-Graft
Law.
Plunder and Perjury- During former
President Joseph E. Estrada’s term, he
was guilty of plunder but found not
guilty on perjury. Even up to this day
plunder is evident and cannot be
solved as Senators Bong Revilla, Juan
Ponce Enrile and Jinggoy Estrada
were charged and arrested for
plunder in 2014, the highly publicized
“pork barrel” scam.
Betrayal of Public trust- When Estrada
ran for presidency on May 2010
elections, he was defeated by
Benigno Aquino III. Year 2013, he ran
for mayor of Manila and won against
Alfredo Lim. However, on year 2019,
supposedly his 3rd term, he was
defeated by Mayor Isko Moreno, his
mentee.
PHILIPPINES’ FIRST PRESIDENT TO BE
OUSTED- Awakened Filipinos in the
present time made the #OUST2:30
trending and still uses this hashtag
whenever human rights of the Filipino
people is being violated. They even
fearlessly state that if people showed
unity before to oust Marcos and
Estrada, they can do it again.
ESTRADA’S FAILED PRESIDENCY
TRIGERRED EDSA REVOLUTION II-
During this time of COVID-19
outbreak, Philippines experienced
economic and health crisis because
the containment of the virus was not
controlled, and the government
can’t present a competent plan for
the survival of Filipinos as well as the
Philippine economy. Whenever there
is an opportunity, they do protest by
means of online or face to face to
fight the wrongdoings and injustice of
the government.
CRONYISM- Appointing friends and
associates to positions of authority
without proper regard to their
qualifications would result to
producing INCOMPETENT officials.
Today’s crony capitalism will urge
corruption and more illegal activities.
MORO WAR- Declaring an ‘all-out
war’ of President Estrada results to
continued violence and terrorism in
Mindanao. Pres. Duterte declared
Martial Law after the attacks on can put negative pressure on hiring
Marawi. The establishment of the and investment.
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in
Human Rights Violation- Human rights
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in
violations documented in the
January 2019 marked a milestone in
Philippines have been exacerbated
government efforts to establish
by harmful rhetoric emanating from
peace in Mindanao.
the highest levels of the Government.
Philippine Economy deteriorated- If The phenomenon of “red-tagging” –
the Philippines’ economy become labelling individuals or groups
deteriorated in the future due to (including human rights defenders
incompetent government officials, and NGOs) as communists or
the worst-case situation is an terrorists.
economic depression an
Falsehood and fabrication of news-
occurrence wherein an economy is in
This led to disappointment towards
a state of financial turmoil, often the
Estrada and his promises. Fabrication
result of a period of negative activity
of news is still practiced today,
based on the country’s Gross
basically to divert the attention of the
Domestic Product (GDP) rate.
people instead of criticizing the
Increase in Debt (Foreign and government for the 15B pesos that
Domestic)- Estrada left the Philippines went missing. As we all know, wealth
with domestic debt amounted to and power can manipulate the
P986.7 billion while foreign debt stood perception of the public.
at US$52.2 billion. Presidents that were
Midnight Drinking Sessions during
elected after him were not able to
meetings- Negatively influence
pay these debts and increased it
current government officials
even more. As of January 2019, the
regarding the disorderly behavior.
outstanding cumulative debt of the
The action shows impudence
national government stands at P7.49
behavior towards the Office or the
trillion. Voting for incompetent public
Malacañang and officials might not
officials often leads to
be in their ‘proper mind’ when
impoverishment of the country.
crafting decisions.
Fiscal Deficit- Debt Trap, Inflation, and
Cultural Effects
Foreign Dependence
Territorial Disputes: Estrada and
Inefficient tax collection- Taxation
Arroyo’s promise to China- China
has the potential to decrease
taking possessions of other natural
consumer spending because taxes
resources of the Philippine territory
take money away from consumers
bestowed upon the ‘promise’ made
and reduce disposable income.
and bounded with the relationship
Lower consumer spending tends to
ties of current administration. China
decrease business revenue, which
becoming to be consistently
aggressive in claiming ownership of
Philippine waters.
PROPOSED SOLUTIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS TO EACH CITED
ISSUES/ PROBLEMS
Bribery-
• Municipalities must issue an
order to their respective places
to impose a policy ban or
restrictions regarding the illegal
gambling games.
• To issue a strict and certain
punishments for illegal
gamblers and businesses
that will violate these orders.
• The highest punishment these
officials can receive must
be removed from their services
and positions, depending on
the intensity of their action.
Graft and Corrupt Practices-
• To become fully aware of the
politician’s trap is one of the
best things to do.
• In doing so, an expansion in
evaluating their performances
can be an additional act to
make in order for those
government officials to feel
accountable for those
promises they have made.
• Advocating for the strict
implementation of the existing
provisions in the Local
Government Code.
Plunder and Perjury-
• Crimes against the
administration of justice
impede the government’s
ability to carry out the
important functions of
prosecuting and convicting
criminals, which, in turn,
destroys citizens’ confidence in
the legal system is effective in
ensuring individual safety and
security.
• Betrayal of Public Trust- What
avoids betrayal is information
and transparency. Letting
citizens know and understand
what the government is doing
can lead to tangible results.
Philippines’ First President to be
Ousted-
• The Senate should combine
all the evidence first before
presenting it to the court,
and all senators who are
blocking the evidence
should be asked questions
about the kind of behavior
they have shown.
• Both suspected corrupt
lawmakers, casino lords,
and news organizations
should also be investigated
and prosecuted.
ESTRADA’S FAILED PRESIDENCY
TRIGERRED EDSA REVOLUTION II
• The best thing he could do is to
resign immediately.
• Moreover, the government
should've informed the public
in the first place
about Erap and his allies'
standing, and their relationship
has conflicts since the
beginning of the trial.
• The government should let the
Filipino Citizens know that they
 are on their side, they are not
disregarded, and no one, even
the president, is above the law
and will get the punishment
that he deserves.
Cronyism-
• Transparency with those
plans and funds for the
nation to minimize the
Cronyism issues
MORO War-
• Have a peace talk & Be
open-minded
• Know the benefits and
disadvantages of the
warfare to them
• Have a new set of leaders to
settle the peace and
discuss the possible solutions
• Negotiating panels agreed
to provide early ‘peace
dividends’
• Provide training to
strengthen the governance
capacities in the future self-
governing region
ECONOMIC SOLUTIONS:
Philippine Economy deteriorated
• The economy under
the Estrada
Administration experienced a f
inancial crisis due to social
unrest. Hence, one solution to
fix this economic trouble is to
mitigate crimes wherein this is
the reign of Erap where there
are corrupt officials.
• Higher fuel prices and a
weaker peso should be
reprimanded which exerted
influence on the economic
growth.
Increase in Debt (Foreign and
Domestic)
• Since the economy
weakens, increasing debt is
one economic problem.
This can be prevented if the
government officials had
focused on necessary
investments such as in
healthcare, education, and
social protection in order
to attract more
investments.
Fiscal Deficit
• The Estrada Administration
should safely finance their
deficits instead of too much
spending, especially for
personal gain.
• Increase the revenue or
decrease spending.
Inefficient Tax Collection-
• The government must be able
to come up with ways to
solve an efficient tax system.
SOCIAL SOLUTIONS:
Human Rights Violation-
• Train the authorities to handle
cases well
• Require them to provide
supporting evidences what are
the factors why those victims
were killed
• “Therapeutic community”
• Police officials who misuse the
power vested upon them will
be provided deep sanctions
 from the higher authorities if acceptable to both parties
they are found guilty and is hence the most
equitable and durable.
Falsehood and fabrication of news-
• Held liable for the action
• The citizens should be aware of
the inimical actions committed
and no fabrications could be
done
• The journalist writers, make sure
they are writing credible
information with reliable source
Midnight Drinking Sessions during
meetings
• It should be prohibited to the
government officials
• They should be prioritizing
problems to solve and make
plans for the betterment of the
nation.
• They should come to meetings
in their proper mind so that
they could discuss the tasks
and projects well with the other
officials.
• “No one is above the law
CULTURAL SOLUTIONS:
Territorial Disputes
• In order to solve the issue
between territorial disputes
of the Philippines and China, it
should be done in both
international law and
international practices, direct
negotiation between countries
concerned is the most
common and preferred way to
resolve such disputes. Bilateral
negotiations may take time,
but the agreement reached
through negotiations is