Starting + INTRODUCTION – ( HUBAIB )

Asalamualaikum, Good morning and welcome dear

respected guests.
I have been given this great opportunity and
privilege to present to you a short slideshow
regarding an important and pressing matter.
You have probably heard a lot about climate
change, how the ice caps are melting and the sea
levels are rising. That it has caused severe changes
in the weather.
We often use the words Climate change and global
warming interchangeably. In most cases this is
acceptable, but it would be best to know the actual
definitions.

SLIDE 2: ( HUBAIB )
Climate change is the long-term shift in average
weather patterns across the world. Since the mid-
1800s, humans have contributed to the release of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the
air. This causes global temperatures to rise,
resulting in long-term changes to the climate.
Our goal:
One of the main factor contributing to climate
change on earth is carbon emission. In this
presentation our group is going to address one of
the sources of carbon emission. We are going to
dive in-depth into the problem of carbon emission
from transportation.
Slide 3 CO2 emission from transportation:( HUBAIB )
Introduction:
The topic of carbon emission from transportation is
a very important topic that is not mentioned
enough in schools.
Transport accounts for around one-fifth of global
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (24% if we only
consider CO2  emissions from energy)
Slide 4 So, what are the solutions? ( HUBAIB )
General solution:
● To combat the issue of carbon emission from
transport and vehicles, most countries have
been taking numerous actions to develop
renewable and sustainable energy production
technologies
● CO2 capture and utilization is a prime focus of
research for the scientific community in recent
years
● The possibility of CO2 leakage, high energy
input, and complicated designs are major
practical constraints of these methods.
Slide 7 Alternative solution: -- ( BASID )
• the recycling or conversion of CO2 into fuels
and other value-added products is an attractive
option to address the global warming and
energy crisis without impeding development
and urbanization. Conversion of CO2 is
scientifically a challenging task, but it has
significant benefits
slide 8 Introduction to photochemical CO2
conversion: -- ( BASID )
In this presentation we will mainly be exploring
the concept of reducing carbon emission of
transportation via photochemical CO2
conversion.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 conversion
can be considered as an artificial photosynthesis
technique that produces formate,
formaldehyde, formic acid, methane, methanol,
ethanol.
Slide 9 How photochemical CO2 conversion
works? ( BASID )
Similar to natural photosynthesis, electron–hole
pairs are generated when the photocatalysts
are exposed to solar light. The photogenerated
electrons induce CO2 to undergo a redox
reaction that results in hydrocarbon formation.
There are three crucial procedures during the
photocatalytic conversion of CO2: (1)
absorption of sunlight; (2) charge separation
and transfer; and (3) catalytic reduction of CO2
and oxidation of H2O . Each procedure during
the conversion of CO2 is closely related with the
photocatalysts. Until now, the photocatalysts
were mainly from semiconductor materials
which are abundant on earth and easy to obtain
. As for the reaction products, CO, methane,
formic acid, and other chemicals containing one
or two carbon atoms are usually involved.

Slide 11 Photochemical conversion of CO2 into

O2 gas ( ABDALLAH )
The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into
fuels and value-added products is one of the
most significant inventions to address the global
warming and energy needs.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2, conversion
can be considered as an artificial photosynthesis
technique that produces formate,
formaldehyde, formic acid, methane, methanol,
ethanol, and etc. Recent advances in electrode
materials, mechanisms, kinetics,
thermodynamics, and reactor designs of PEC
CO2, conversion have been comprehensively
reviewed later on in this PowerPoint
presentation. The adsorption activation of
CO2/intermediates at the electrode surface are
the key steps for improving the kinetics of CO2,
conversion. PEC efficiency could be upgraded
through the utilization of 2D/3D materials,
plasmonic metals, carbon-based catalysts,
porous nanostructures, metal-organic frame-
works, molecular catalysts, and biological
molecules. The defect engineered (by
cation/anion vacancy, crystal distortion, pits,
and creation of oxygen vacancies) 2D/3D
materials, Z-scheme heterojunctions,
bioelectrodes, and tandem photovoltaic-PEC
reactors are suitable options to enhance the
efficiency at low external bias.