Rizal Module 1

QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
Cabarroguis Campus
Cabarroguis, 3400 RIZAL’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
Module 1
LEGAL BASES OF RIZAL COURSE
1. Rizal's role in the attainment of our independence led to the enactment of Republic Act 1425
on June 12, 1956 commonly known as the Rizal law. It was authored by Senator Claro M. Recto while Senator
Jose P. Laurel, Sr., who was then the Chairman of the Committee on Education, sponsored the bill in the Senate.
Known for his patriotism and his commitment in pushing the bill into law he is now hailed as father of Rizal law.
The law requires all public and private schools , colleges and universities to include life ,works and writings of
Dr. Jose Rizal in their curricula and to keep adequate copies of the two novels Noli Me Tangere and the El
Filibusterismo based from the enrollment of schools.
The Board of National Education is also mandated to make necessary steps for the translation of the two novels in
English and other major dialects
https://teamcrisostomo.wordpress.com/what-is-the-rizal-law/
Aims of the law

The law aims to foster love of freedom, nationalism and patriotism by reading Rizal’s writings and to find
explanation on issues or controversy
The following is a full copy of RA No. 1425 for you to read
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425

June 12, 1956
AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES
AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL,
PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE
PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died;
WHEREAS, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember
with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character;
WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially
during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused;
WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and
all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach the duties of
citizenship; Now, therefore,
SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private:
Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as basic texts.
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The Board of National Education is hereby authorized and directed to adopt forthwith measures to implement and
carry out the provisions of this Section, including the writing and printing of appropriate primers, readers and
textbooks. The Board shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, promulgate rules and
regulations, including those of a disciplinary nature, to carry out and enforce the provisions of this Act. The Board
shall promulgate rules and regulations providing for the exemption of students for reasons of religious belief
stated in a sworn written statement, from the requirement of the provision contained in the second part of the first
paragraph of this section; but not from taking the course provided for in the first part of said paragraph. Said rules
and regulations shall take effect thirty (30) days after their publication in the Official Gazette.
SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate
number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well
as of Rizal’s other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo or their translations in English as well as other writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of
approved books for required reading in all public or private schools, colleges and universities.
The Board of National Education shall determine the adequacy of the number of books, depending upon the
enrollment of the school, college or university.
SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects;
cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons
desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the country.
SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-
seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers and
other person engaged in any public school.
SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund
not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act.
SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
Approved: June 12, 1956
Published in the Official Gazette, Vol. 52, No. 6, p. 2971 in June 1956.
RESOURCES
[PDF] Republic Act No. 1425, s. 1956
This entry was posted under Legislature, Republic Acts. Bookmark the permalink.
2. Memorandum Order No. 247, s. 1994

During the incumbency of President Ramos, Memorandum Order No. 247, s. 1994 was signed on December 26,
1994 directing Secretary Ricardo Gloria of Department of Education Culture and Sports and the Commission
on Higher Education Chairperson to fully implement RA. 1425. Since then the study of Rizal’s life and his two
novels namely The Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo strictly implemented and monitored by CHED
through the inclusion of Rizal Course in the CMO’s of all degree programs.
Below is a full copy of the Memorandum for you to read

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MALACAÑANG
MANILA
MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. 247
DIRECTING THE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS AND THE CHAIRMAN OF
THE COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION TO FULLY IMPLEMENT REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425
ENTITLED “AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS,
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL,
PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS, NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE
PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”
WHEREAS, Republic Act No. 1425 approved on June 12, 1956, directs all schools, colleges and universities,
public and private, to include in their curricula, courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly
his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo which “are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with
which the minds of the youth, especially during their formative and decisive years in school should be suffused;”
WHEREAS, according to Dr. Rizal, “the school is the book in which is written the future of the nation;”
WHEREAS, a majority of our schools, colleges and universities, both public and private, have not given Rizal’s
life, works and writings the attention and importance that these deserve;
WHEREAS, in 1996, the Filipino people will commemorate the centennial of Rizal’s martyrdom and, two years
thereafter, the centennial of the Declaration of Philippine Independence; and
WHEREAS, as we prepare to celebrate these watershed events in our history, it is necessary to rekindle in the
heart of every Filipino, especially the youth, the same patriotic fervor that once galvanized our forebears to
outstanding achievements so we can move forward together toward a greater destiny as we enter the 21st century.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FIDEL V. RAMOS, President of the Republic of the Philippines, by virtue of the
powers vested in me by law, hereby direct the Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports and the Chairman of the
Commission on Higher Education to take steps to immediately and fully implement the letter, intent and spirit of
Republic Act No. 1425 and to impose, should it be necessary, appropriate disciplinary action against the
governing body and/or head of any public or private school, college or university found not complying with said
law and the rules, regulations, orders and instructions issued pursuant thereto.
Within thirty (30) days from issuance hereof, the Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports and the Chairman of
the Commission on Higher Education are hereby directed to jointly submit to the President of the Philippines a
report on the steps they have taken to implement this Memorandum Order, and one (1) year thereafter, another
report on the extent of compliance by both public and private schools in all levels with the provisions of R.A. No.
1425.
This Memorandum Order takes effect immediately after its issuance.
DONE in the City of Manila, this 26th day of December, in the year of Our Lord, Nineteen Hundred and Ninety-
Four.
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(Sgd.) FIDEL V. RAMOS
By the President:
(Sgd.) TEOFISTO T.GUINGONA,JR.
Executive Secretary
Source: CDAsia
THE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZAL’S TIME
Political instability
Spain was influenced by the ideals of both the French revolution and the American Revolution. These influence could be
seen in the struggles of the people for constitutionalism which mark the first three quarters of the century. during this
period Spain was beset by various troubles. On the political problem two sides , the liberals who was constitutionalists
and the conservatives who were reactionaries, fought bitterly. The liberals inspire by the ideals of liberty, equality and
opportunity wanted to limit absolutism so that the people may enjoy their constitutional and human rights. Those who
opposed the liberals were the conservatives who wanted to retain the monarchy.
The struggles consumed the strength and wealth of the nation. Military men played important roles in the
struggles. There were plots, intrigues,, conspiracies and revolts. There were changes in the constitution, some of which
were liberal, other conservative as may be seen in the constitution of 1812, 1837, 1845, and 1869.
The political condition in Spain Adversely affected the Philippines. Changes in the Madrid government were
followed by constant changes in the political administration in the colony, the Philippines.
Union of the church and the state

The union of the church and the state was a cardinal policy in Spain. This was carried out in the colonial
administration of the Philippines. The governor general was the hed of the central government who exercise great powers
because he represented the King of Spain. As an executive official he supervised all administrative appointees of the
king, he command3d all armed forces, and assumed the kings ecclesiastical authority over offices and missions.
The head of the ecclesiastical administration was the archbishop of Manila. He was appointed by the pope with
the recommendation of the King. The union of the church and state created conflicts between the government and the
church. The church officials complained to the King of Spain about the harsh treatment to the people by the civil
officials. On the other hand the governor general complained to the King for the interference of ecclesiastic officials in
the civil and internal affairs of the government
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Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.

The Spanish war of Independence against the invading French forces aroused every Spaniard to defend his
country. The government officials thought it was timely to rally the colonies to be loyal to Spain. And so on September
25, 1808 a central revolutionary body was set up. On January 22, 1809 it decreed that Spanish colonies should have
national and direct participation in the ancient legislature, the Cortes. It was reestablished by decree issued on May 1809.
The Philippines was represented in 1810,-1813, 1820-1823, 1834-1837. In 1837 Queen Maria Cristina approved a
constitutional government which established a parliamentary government. Since there was no more need for colonial
support at the time, the right to representation was conveniently removed.
Racial discrimination was offensive to the Filipinos

A general belief then current in Europe was that the white man was superior to one who was black or brown.
This led to racism. In the Philippines the Spaniards called the natives Indios.
The Filipinos could not understand the Spaniards who introduced Christianity with the beautiful ideal of brotherhood
considered them on account of the color of their skin. Regretted this attitude towards his people. He urged Spain to
disregard this ih considering the appeal for representation in the Spanish Cortes.
Denial of human rights spurs the Filipinos to fight for them.

An individual human rights are the attribute of his human person. They include the right to life, liberty and security of
person, freedom of thought , religion, and expression, freedom of assembly , equality before the law. The right to adequate
standard of living and just working conditions and may others.
During the nineteenth century the Spaniards struggled hard to secure recognition of their human rights.. the
Filipinos could not understand why the Spaniards who fought for sacred rights of men would deny them the rights.
The spirit of reform in Spain influences Philippine Progress.

The spirit of reforms which stimulated Spain had their repercussions in the Philippines. From 1600 to 1815
Spain adopted a restrictive policy in connection with foreign trade. The policy known as mercantilism believed that the
strength of a nation depended upon a possession of large stock of precious metal.. consequently foreign trade must be
restricted so the largest possible amount be brought into the country and the exportation of these metals must be kept at
minimum. Mercantilism was later given up by European counties. It was followed by another policy known as laissez-
faire. The policy gives to the individual the right to full and free range of economic activity. Public regulation was
limited to the maintenance of law and order.
As a result of this new economic policy, Spain ended the Galleon trade in 1813. A royal decree of September 6
1834 officially opened Manila to world trade. This was followed by the ports of Sual, Iloilo, Zamboanga, Legaspi and
Taclo0ban. After the opening of Manila , foreigners came to establish their business firms in the Philippines
The Philippines experience a brief taste of liberal regime when governor general Carlos Dela Torre was sent in
the Philippines by the liberal government in Spain.
Years later Spain approved several measures in an attempt to improve the colonial administration in the country.
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LESSON 3. RIZAL FAMILY AND ANCESTRY
DISCUSSION
A. RIZAL’S SIBLINGS
Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Her nickname

was Neneng. She had five children by her husband Manuel
T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas.
SATURNINA MERCADO (1850-

1913)
Only brother and confidant of José Rizal and the second

child. He became as a second father to Jose Rizal. Studied
at San José College in Manila. Just like his father, Paciano
became a farmer. It was his idea to send Jose to continue
his studies in Spain. After his younger brother´ excecution,
he joined the Philippine revolution and became a combat
General. After the Revolution, he retired to his farm in Los
Boños where he lived as a gentleman farmer and died on
April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79. he had two
PACIANO MERCADO (1851- children by his mistress (Severina Decena). 1930)
The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a

teacher and musician.
NARCISA MERCADO (1852-1939)
The fourth child. Ypia was her pet name. Married Silvestre

Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila; she died in 1887
from child birth.
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OLYMPIA MERCADO (1855-1887)
The fifth child. Married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba. He

was the nephew of Father Casanas. Herbosa died of
cholera in 1889 and was denied a Christian burial because
Dr. Rizal was his brother-in-law.
LUCIA MERCADO (1857-1919)
The sixth child. Her nickname was Biang. Married

Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
MARIA MERCADO (1859-1945)

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The second son and the seventh child. The greatest Filipino
hero and a tremendous genius. His nickbname was Pepe.
During his excile in Dapitan he lived together with
Josephine Bracken, an Irisch girl from Hong-Kong. They
had a son with her but their baby son died a few hours after
birth. Rizal named him Francisco after his father and
buried him in Dapitan. José was executed by the Spaniards
on December 30,1896.
JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)
The eighth among the Rizal children, died at the age of three due to an
illness. Her pet name was Concha. As an older brother, Jose, who was four at
that time (in 1865), grieved so bitterly. He recalled having cried so hard for
the first time due to love and sorrow for their loss. According to him, “Till
then I had shed tears only for my own faults which my loving, prudent
mother well knew how to correct
CONCEPCION MERCADO (1862-1865)
Josefa Rizal or Panggoy had epilepsy. She was the ninth child of

the family. She died in 1945 at the age of 80. Due to her illness
she never got married and died as spinster
JOSEFA MERCADO (1865-1945)

.
The tenth child. She was the longest living family member. They
gave her the pet name Trining. Like her sister Josefa, she never
got married and also died an old maid at the age of 83.
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TRINIDAD MERCADO (1868-1951)
She was the youngest child of the Rizal-Mercado

clan. Choleng was het pet name. She later got married to
Pantaleon Quintero, a native from Calamba, Laguna.
SOLEDAD MERCADO (1870-1929)
B. PARENTS
father Father of José Rizal who was the youngest of 13 offspring’s of
Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18,
1818;
He studied Latin and Philosophy at the San José College in
Manila. After his parents death he moved to Calamba and
became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda. He
was a hardy and independent man, a hardworking man of few
words. He died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80.
Rizal called his father affectionately “a model of fathers”.
FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898)
mother Dr. Rizal’s mother was born in Manila on November 8, 1826 as the second
child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brigida de Quintos. She went to school at
the College of Santa Rosa. She was a remarkable woman, she possessed
refined culture, literary talent, business ability and the fortitude of Spartan
women. Rizal wrote about his loving mother “My mother is a woman of
more than ordinary culture; she is a mathematician and has read many
books.” She died in Manila on August 16, 1911, at the age of 85, in her
house in San Fernando Street, Binondo. Shortly before her death, the
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TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913)

https://www.knights-of-rizal.be/rizal-family/C
C. PATERNAl ANCESTORS
by ma. Cielito G. Reyno
Rizal’s paternal lineage can be traced back to the village of Sionque in Chin-Chew (or Chang-chow) district in Fujian,
southern China, near the prosperous and ancient trading port of Zaiton. Among his earliest identifiable ancestors were
Siang-co and Zun-nio who gave birth to a son who later acquired
the name Lam-co, which in English means, “Lam, Esquire”. Lam-co migrated to the Philippines sometime during the late
1600.
In 1697, at the age of 35, Lam-co was baptized at the San Gabriel Church in the predominantly Chinese community of
Binondo. He adopted “Domingo” his baptismal day, as his first name. He married a Chinese mestiza said to be half his
age named Ines de la Rosa, who belonged to an entrepreneurial
family in Binondo. Ines was the daughter of Agustin Chin-co and Jacinta Rafaela, a Chinese mestiza resident of the
Parian.
With the rigid social stratification prevailing at that time, it was evident that Lam-co did not come from the ranks of
coolies, the class of migrant menial workers from China. Through his association with two Spanish friars, Fr. Francisco
Marquez, authority on Chinese grammar, and Fr. Juan Caballero, he was invited to settle in the Dominican estate of San
Isidro Labrador in Biñan, Laguna. Lam-co was said to have been instrumental in the building of the irrigation works
known as Tubigan, which made the area where it was situated the richest part of the estate. He and his family lived in the
estate along with fellow immigrants from Chin-chew, China.
Lam-co and Ines de la Rosa had a son born in 1731. They named him Francisco Mercado, believed as a gesture of
gratitude to another friar of the same name, and also after a Spanish mestizo friar renowned for his botanical studies. The
surname “Mercado”, which means “market” in Spanish, was quite appropriate, too, since many ethnic Chinese were
merchants, and many having adopted the same surname.
In 1771, Francisco Mercado married Bernarda Monica, a native of the nearby hacienda of San Pedro Tunasan, then, like
Biñan, was populated by many Chinese migrants, or Chinese mestizos. They had two sons named Juan and Clemente.
For a short period, he settled his family at the hacienda of San Juan Bautista in Calamba. However, hostility towards the
Chinese immigrants as well as natives of Chinese descent- a backlash from the British invasion of Manila in 1762, during
which the local Chinese supported the British against the Spaniards- forced Francisco Mercado to return his family to
Biñan.
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Francisco Mercado owned the largest herd of carabaos in Biñan. He was active in local politics. He was elected as the
town’s capitan del pueblo around 1783. Popular and good-natured, he often stood as godfather during baptisms and
weddings, as Biñan’s church records revealed. He died in 1801.
His son, Juan Mercado married Cirila Alejandra, a daughter of one of Domingo Lam-co’s godsons, and who hailed from
Tubigan. The couple had 13 children. They lived in large house made of stone in the center of Biñan. (One of his
children, Francisco Engracio, born in Biñan sometime in April 1818 was the father of Jose Rizal).
Like his father, Juan Mercado also served as the town’s capitan del pueblo in 1808, 1813, and 1823. On many occasions,
“Capitan Juan”, as his town mates referred to him, was the hermano mayor in religious and social affairs. Like his wife,
he was benevolent and hardworking. His status earned him the privilege of electing the Philippine representative to the
Spanish parliament in 1812.
He died when his son, Francisco Engracio, was only eight years old.
With his sisters and brothers, Francisco Engracio helped his widowed mother in managing the family’s business. He
married Teodora Alonso Realonda de Quintos, a daughter of one of Manila’s most distinguished families in 1848.
Sometime after 1849, in compliance with Governor Claveria’s decree ordering Filipinos to adopt Spanish surnames (to
facilitate documentation, for, many Filipino families shared the same family name such as “De La Cruz”, etc.)– Francisco
Engracio Mercado added “Rizal” to the family surname, from the Spanish word “ricial”, which connotes a green field or
pasture.
Francisco moved his family to Calamba, where he farmed lands leased from the Dominican friars, growing sugar cane,
rice and indigo. He also started a mixed orchard engaged in trade, raised poultry, in all of which he was assisted by his
wife Teodora. In time, Franciso’s family became one of the wealthiest in Calamba.
http://nhcp.gov.ph/rizals-paternal-lineage/
D. MATERNAL ANCESTORS
her ancestry is unfortunately not so easily traced as is that of her husband, and that is known is of less simplicity and
perhaps of more interest since the mother’s influence is greater than the father’s, and she was the mother of Dr. Jose Rizal
her "father, Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo born 1790 ,died 1854, is said to have been very Chinese in appearance. he became
acquainted with Brigida De Quintos, Dona Teodora’s mother, while he was a student in Manila, and that she, being
usually well educated for a girl of those days, helped him with his mathematics. All their children were born in Manila,
but lived in Calamba, and they used the name Alonzo till that general change of names in 1850. then, with their mother,
they adopted the name Realonda, Teodora’ s great-grand father was Eugenio Ursua, descendant of Japanese settlers,
who married a Filipina named Benigna. They gave birth to Regina Ursua who married a Tagalog-
Chinese mestizo from Pangasinan named Manuel de Quintos, Teodora’s grandfather.
Their daughter Brigida de Quintos married a Spanish mestizo named Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, the father of Teodora*
https://www.academia.edu/29745446/Jose_Rizal_s_Root
LESSON 4. BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA

Learning Outcome
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1. discuss the factors that enabled Rizal to develop strong character and to withstand odds things in his later life.
DISCUSSION
BIRTH AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
Rizal was Born on June 19, 1861 and was the 7th child in the family of 11 children
Three days after his birth, Rizal was baptized by Father Rufino Collantes at the Calamba Catholic Church
Father Pedro Casañas became his godfather. Jose Rizal grew up in a happy home, ruled by good parents, bubbling with
joy, and sanctified by God's blessings. His native town is Calamba. its scenic beauties and the industrious, hospitable,
and friendly folks impressed him during his childhood years and profoundly affected his mind and character. His parents
who were aware of the importance of intellectual development at early years of a child hired private tutors of Rizal.
Maestro Celestino was Jose's first private tutor, Maestro Lucas Padua was the second private tutor, Maestro Leon Monroy
became the hero's tutor in Spanish and Latin. ... He was a classmate of Don Francisco.
https://www.google.com/search?
q=Rizals+childhood+life+in+calamba+and+in+binan&oq=Rizals+childhood+life+in+calamba+and+in+binan&aqs=chro
me..69i57.38345j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
INFLUENCES ON THE HEROES BOYHOOD
1. HEREDITARY INFLUENCE. From his Malayan ancestors, Rizal inherited his love for freedom, his innate desire

to travel, and his indomitable courage.
From his Chinese ancestors, he derived his serious nature, frugality, patience, and love for children.
https://www.google.com/search?ei=CQ4uX9KZOLXFmAXUhZYg&q=Chinese+traits+of+rizal&oq
https://www.slideshare.net/krixfrancisco/chapter-2-rizal
Hereditary traits from Don Francisco Mercado

honesty, frugality, and industry, Rizal inherited a profound feeling of dignity, self-respect, serenity and poise, and
seriousness
Hereditary traits from Doña Teodora
from her, Rizal learned the values of warmth and virtue, practical temperament, stoicism, self-sacrifice, temperament of a
dreamer, and fondness for poetry, from her he inherited his religious nature.
Presented by : Balona, Britos, Maglunsod and Sarc
2. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE
a. physical environment
*The beauty of the town provided the young Rizal the inspiration and springboard to hone his poetic and artistic
sensibilities.
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b. Social environment
Mother , yaya, sisters ,uncles
Memories he could not forget, the stories narrated by his personal servant or yaya
At the age of three, he learned how to pray from his mother
At the age of four, Rizal experienced his first sorrow - the death of Concepcion "Concha"
As a young boy, he spent many hours down the shore of Laguna de Bay, thinking and dreaming
The story of the moth told by his mother. The story left a deep impression on Rizal. For him, the moth died a victim of
its illusion in its search for the light. Nevertheless, he came to realize the sweetness of dying in search for the light. This
story can be considered as Rizal's biography.
He was able to master the alphabet when he was three years old and at a very young age, he showed great interest in
reading.
The three uncles of Rizal. The 3 uncles of Rizal influenced his attitudes
Tiyo Manuel influenced Rizal ‘s attitudes towards Sport
Tiyo Jose influenced him to love books
Tiyo Gregorio influenced him to love arts.
The young Jose Rizal also showed his interest in sketching, painting, sculpture and literature
c. Events
The misfortunes suffered by the tenants from the hands of the Guardia Civil and the Dominican friars had ingrained in his
young mind hatred of oppression and exploitation of the weak by the strong.
An incident which opened Rizal's eyes to the injustice of the regime, was the arrest and incarceration of his mother in
1871 due to her alleged complicity in the attempted murder of his uncle's unfaithful wife. His uncle, Jose Alberto arrived
from Europe and discovered the infidelity of his wife. Being a devout Christian and to avoid public scandal, Doña
Teodora convinced his brother to forgive his wife and averted the family break up.
Nonetheless, Jose Alberto's wife conspired with the Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civil by filing a suit against Doña
Teodora for attempting to poison her. Because of this incident, hatred for the Spanish Regime was created in Rizal's heart.
He lost confidence in friendship and developed mistrust of his fellowmen. This was because the men who arrested Doña
Teodora were frequent visitors in their home.
Rizal was 11 years old when the three priests Gomburza were executed in 1877. Were it not for the unjust execution of
the three priests, Rizal would have been a member of the Jesuits.
3. DIVINE PROVIDENCE
If one believes in God, then it follows that everything is a part of God’s plan. There were other Filipino children during
Rizal’s time but their life were different from him. Rizal is a part of God’s plan, destined to become the greatest Filipino
hero. The following are verses excerpt from the New Testament that would support our belief in God’s plan. The Lord
Jesus said, “And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold” (Matthew 24:12).
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1 John 5:4 For whatever is born of God overcomes the world: and this is the victory that overcomes the world, even our
faith.
James 2:26 For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
https://www.rainbowtoken.com/15-bible-verses-about-faith.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIgq---
aLC6wIVwbWWCh14BQYzEAAYASAAEgIt4PD_BwE
Lesson 5. STUDIES AND EXPERIENCE

Learning Outcome
1. Narrate Rizal’s experiences and education in Binan, Ateneo and UST
DISCUSSION
Rizal was sent to a private secondary school in Biñan. He went to Ateneo de Municipal( 1872-1877)and went to a
university for a college degree : Medical studies in University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882) and completed his
ophthalmology studies in Europe(1882-1885)
1.EARLY EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCES IN BINAN
Don Leon Monroy died five months later and Jose was sent to a private school in Binan. In June 1869, Rizal and Paciano
went to Binan on a carromata and boarded in his aunt Isabel. His teacher was Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz and the
school was jn the teacher’s house . Like other children, Rizal was also involved in school brawl. Rizal also attended
painting lesson under Juancho who freely gave him lessons. Together with him was Jose Guevarra, his classmate.
2.TRIUMPHS AND EXPERIENCE AT THE ATENEO
JESUITS SYSTEM OF EDUCATION • Jesuits trained the character of the student by rigid discipline, humanities and
religious instruction. They heard Mass early in the morning before the beginning of daily class. Classes were opened and
closed with prayers. Students were divided into two groups: Roman Empire Carthaginian Empire
Each empire had its rank. Students fought for positions, with 3 mistakes, opponents position could lose his position. 1st
Best: Emperor 2nd Best: Tribune 3rd Best: Decurion 4th Best: Centurion 5th Best: Standard – Bearer. Titles of intelligent
students were derived from titles of early Roman Officials.
RIZAL’S FIRTST YEAR IN ATENEO(1872-1873) • Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo was Fr. Jose Bech. Rizal was
placed at the bottom of the class since he was a newcomer and knows little Spanish. • He was an externo
(Carthaginians), occupying the end of the line. But at the end of the month, he become ³emperor´ of his Empire.
26. • He was the brightest pupil in the whole class, and he was awarded a prize, a religious prize • Rizal took private
lessons in Santa Isabel College during noon recesses to improve his Spanish language paying three pesos for those extra
lessons.
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Summer Vacation (1873) • Rizal didn’t enjoy his summer because his mother was in prison so Neneng(Saturnina) brought
him to Tanawan. • But without telling his father, he went to Santa Cruz to visit her mother in prison. He told her of his
brilliant grades. • After summer, he returned to Manila and now boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes Street.
Dona Pepay, who had a widowed daughter and 4 sons, was his landlady.
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873- 1874) • At the end of the school year, Rizal received excellent grades in all
subjects and a gold medal • · The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas- the first favorite novel of Rizal which
made a deep impression on him • · Universal History by Cesar Cantu- Rizal persuaded his father to buy him this set of
historical work that was a great aid in his studies • Dr. Feodor Jagor- a German scientist-traveler who visited the
Philippines in 1859-1860 who wrote Travels in the Philippines
THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875) • Rizal grades remained excellent in all subjects but he won only one medal—
in Latin • At the end of the school year (March 1875), Rizal returned to Calamba for the summer vacation. He himself was
not impressed by his scholastic work.
FOURTH YEAR ON ATENEO • June 16, 1875- Rizal became an interno in the Ateneo • Padre Francisco de Paula
Sanchez- a great educator and scholar, one of Rizal’s professors who inspired him to study harder and to write poetry •
Rizal described this Jesuiot professor as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils” •
Rizal topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals at the end of the school term.
LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876- 1877) • Rizal- The most brilliant Atenean of his time, and was truly ³the pride of the
Jesuits • Graduate with Highest Honor • March 23, 1877- Rizal, 16 years old, received from his Alma Mater, Ateneo
Municipal, the degree of Bachelor of Arts, withhighest honors • The night before graduation, he could not sleep. Early
morning on the day of his graduation, he prayed to the Virgin to³commend his life and protect him as he step into the
world.
EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN ATENEO • He was an active member, later secretary, of Marian

Congregatiion a religious society. He was accepted becauseof his academic brilliance and devotion to Our Lady of
Immaculate Conception, the college patroness. • He is also a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the
Academy of Natural Sciences. • He studied painting under Agustin Saez, a famous painter, and sculpture under Romualdo
de Jesus. • He continued his physical training under hi sports-minded Tio Manuel.
SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO • He carved an image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of Batikuling (Philippine
hardwood) with his pocket-knife. The Jesuitsfathers were amazed. • Father Lleonart requested him to carve for him an
image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. He intended to take the image with him in Spain but forgot to do so. So the Ateneo
boarders placed it on the door of their dormitory. It plays a significant part inRizal¶s last hours at Fort Santiago
When he studied in Manila at the Jesuit Ateneo Municipal school, he changed his name to “Jose Rizal” because his
brother, Paciano Mercado, was under suspicion by the colonial authorities for being an associate of the martyred priests
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https://www.slideshare.net/JinkyIsla/jose-rizals-educational-experiences
Zaide Gregorio F., et. Al., Rizal’s Life Works and Writings
3.MEDICAL STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

Rizal at the University of Santo Tomas 1877-1882
Jose Rizal, having completed his Bachiller en Artes at the Ateneo Municipal, was now eligible for higher education at a
university. His mother, Doña Teodora, had second thoughts about sending her son to school because of the previous
incident involving the execution of friars Gomez, Burgos and Zamora. However, it was Don Francisco who decided his
son should go to the University of Santo Tomas, a prestigious institution run by the Dominican order.
Undecided
Rizal, upon entering the university, was not certain which course of study he wanted to pursue. The Jesuit priests who had
been his former mentors had advised him to take up farming, or to join the order and be a man of the cloth. However, his
tastes went towards law, literature, or medicine. In the end, he decided to sign up for Philosophy and Letters during his
freshman year because of the following reasons:
1. It was what his father would have wanted for him.
2. He had failed to seek the advice of the rector of the Ateneo, Father Ramon Pablo.
As part of the course, he had to complete units in the following subjects:
Cosmology and Metaphysics
Theodicy
History of Philosophy
His report card was very impressive:
University of Santo Tomas scholastic record
1877-1878 Philosophy & Letters

Cosmology and Metaphysics excellent
Theodicy … excellent
History of Philosophy excellent
Shifting to Medicine
After completing his first year, Rizal decided to take up medicine as his university course. This change of heart was due to
two factors:
1. Father Ramon Pablo, rector of the Ateneo, had advised him to pursue the course.
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2. Rizal's mother had failing eyesight and he thought he owed it to her to become a doctor and cure her condition.
Rizal's performance at the University of Santo Tomas was not as excellent as his time at the Ateneo. His grades after
shifting to medicine had suffered as well:
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SCHOLASTIC RECORD

1878-1879- medicine
Physics fair
Natural history— excellent
Chemistry.. fair
Anatomy I good
Dissection I good
1879 1880
Anatomy 2.. good
Dissection 2. good
Private hygiene .good
Public hygiene.--- good
18801881
General pathology fair
Therapeutics excellent
Surgery good
1881-1882
Medical pathology very good
Surgical pathology very good
Obstetrics very good
Unfortunately, Rizal was not happy at UST and this reflected on his grades (Zaide & Zaide, 1999). There were three main
factors that contributed to his unhappiness at the university, namely:
1. The Dominican professors were hostile to him.
2. Filipino students suffered discrimination.
3. The method of instruction at UST was obsolete and repressive.
Likewise, there were three main reasons for his struggling academic performance (Guerrero, 1998):
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1. Rizal was not satisfied with the system of education at the university.
2. There were plenty of things to distract a young man in the peak of his youth.
3. Medicine was not Rizal's true vocation.
He would later find out that his real calling was in the arts, not in medicine.
Zaide Gregorio F., et. Al., Rizal’s Life Works and Writings.
LESSON 6. THE HERO’S TRAVELS
Learning Outcome
DISCUSSION
THE FIRST TRIP ABROAD (EXPERIENCES)

Disgusted with his studies in UST Rizal decided to continue his education abroad and left the country secretly. Only the
people he trusted knew the plan to hide his real purpose’
Rizal’s secret mission; To observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and government and
laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself of the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from
Spanish tyranny.
Spain
According to the document “Rizal's Madrid” produced by the Philippine Embassy in Spain, Rizal first arrived in Madrid
in 1882 to study medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
as well as painting at Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Calle Alcala
During that time the government of Spain was constitutional monarchy where human rights were protected and
considered specifically freedom of speech, of press, and of assembly that were all denied in the Philippines. Such
atmosphere of freedom lured Jose Rizal to travel to Spain not only to study but also to carry out his secret mission that he
long been conceived with the approval of his brother Paciano.
He was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 21, 1884. The next
academic year, he studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. However, he did not
submit the thesis required for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees. He was not awarded his Doctor’s Diploma.
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Jose Rizal also finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters with higher grades. He was awarded the Degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 19, 1885 (his 24th birthday) with the
rating of excellent.
Rizal faced financial problems after two years in Madrid. Due to locust invasions and droughts that destroyed the farms
back home, his monthly allowances were late and there times where they did not even arrive at all.
He was also popular in Madrid and on one occasion was invited as a guest speaker in a banquet held in honor of Juan
Luna and Felix R. Hidalgo, sponsored by the Filipino community to celebrate the victory of their first and second prizes in
a national fine arts exposition
Paris
In June 1883, he traveled to France to observe how medicine was being practiced there. After his three-month sojourn in
France, Rizal returned to Madrid and thought about publishing a book that exposed the colonial relationship of Spain and
the Philippine
In 1885, after completing his studies at Central University of Madrid, he went to Paris in order to acquire more knowledge
in ophthalmology. He was 24 then. He stopped over at Barcelona, on his way to Paris, to visit his friend Maximo Viola
who is also a medical student and a member of a rich family in Bulacan
In November 1885, Rizal lived in Paris. He became an assistant of a leading French ophthalmologist named Dr. Louis de
Weckert for about four months
Berlin, Germany
In Berlin, capital of then unified Germany, he met and befriended several top German scientists,
Five reasons why Rizal stayed in Berlin:
To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology.
To further his studies of science and languages.
To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation.
To associate with famous German scientists and scholars.
To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere.
Return/First Homecoming
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Rizal returned to Manila in August 1887, after five years in Europe. However, his homecoming was met by the friars'
furor over Noli Me Tangere
Zaide and Zaide . Rizal’s Life works and writings, 1999
LESSON 7. TRIP to Hong Kong, Macau and Japan (Life and Experiences)
Learning Outcome
1. Describe Hong Kong, and Japan based form the observation of Rizal.
2. Describe the Japanese based from the observation of Rizal
DISCUSSION
Infuriated by the satirical novels about corrupt colonial officials and hypocritical clergymen. The friars forced
Rizal to go into self-imposed exile in Hong Kong in the fall of 1891.
On February 16, 1888, Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt expressing his bitterness to his enemies for forcing him
to leave the country and describing Hong Kong as a small but very clean city.
In Hong Kong, Rizal made a living by running an eye clinic on the Hong Kong Island. He also drafted the constitution of
the La Liga Filipina (the Philippine League in English), inspiring the revolutionary group that would later spearhead the
country's bid for independence against Spain.
On February 18, 1888- Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer, Kiu-Kiang for Macao, a Portuguese
colony near Hong Kong. According to Rizal, “the city of Macao is small, low, and gloomy. There are many junks,
sampans, but few steamers. It looks sad and is almost dead.”
During his two days sojourn in Macao; Rizal visited the theatre, casino, cathedral, and churches, pagodas, botanical
garden and bazaars.
In February 20, 1888- Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong, again on board the ferry steamer Kiu Kiang on February
22, 1888, Rizal left Hong Kong on Board the Oceanic, an American steamer. His destination was Japan.
http://senyorjoserizal.blogspot.com/2013/09/in-hongkong-and-macao-1888.html
Zaide and Zaide, 1999
b. Japan
In February 1888. Rizal left Hong Kong for Japan aboard the S.S Oceanic to accept the invitation of Don Juan Perez
Caballero, secretary of the Spanish Legation, to live with him. Upon his Arrival at Yokohama on February 28, 1888 he
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stayed at Grand Hotel, in the following day he transferred to Tokyo Hotel where he stayed from March 2 to 7 1888. Later
he left Tokyo HoteL and resided with Don Juan Perez Caballero in the Spanish Legation in Azabu, Tokyo Japan.
The things which favorably impressed Rizal in Japan were: 1. The beauty of the country – its flowers, mountains, streams,
and scenic panoramas. 2. The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people
In Japan, Rizal studied the habits and customs of the Japanese people, their language, theaters and commerce.
One day when Rizal was watching the people passing the Spanish Legation. He saw a Japanese girl, every day the girl
was passing him as she was heading to work. One day Rizal met him and introduced himself. The girl was Seiko Usui or
O Sei San. the two became friends. O Sei San, was a Japanese samurai's daughter. She was 23 years old when she first
met Jose Rizal.
O-Sei-San helped Rizal in many ways. More than a sweetheart, she was his guide, interpreter, and tutor. She guided him
in observing the shrines and villages around Tokyo. She improved his knowledge of Nippongo ( Japanese Language ) and
Japanese History.
Rizal also met Tetcho Suehiro a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist, champion of human rights, who was forced by the
government to leave Japan. Became a member of the Japanese Imperial Diet ( Parliament)and Wrote two novels: –
Nankai-no-Daiharan ( Storm Over the South Sea) 1891 resembling Noli Me Tangere – O-unabara ( TheBigOcean) 1894
resembling El Filibusterismo.
q=rizal+in+japan&oq=rizal+in+Japan&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j0j69i60l2j0l2.6939j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
ei=rdZRX9LeMrPpmAXh_a_YBg&q=rizal+arrival+in+tokyo&oq=rizal+arrival+in+tokyo&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzI
ICCEQFhAdEB46BAgAEEM6AggAOgYIABAWEB46CAgAEBYQChAeOgIILjoICAAQsQMQgwE6BwghEAoQoAF
QmtsEWP20BWCnvgVoAXAAeACAAXOIAfATkgEEMTkuN5gBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwiS6feP6M7rAhWzNKYKHeH-C2sQ4dUDCA0&uact=5
LESSON 8: Trip to America, London, Brussels and Belgium
DISCUSSION
c. America
When Dr. Rizal reached the port of San Francisco on April 28, 1888, after a 15 day journey from Yokohama on board the
Belgic, he was placed in quarantine for six days, along with all the Asians on board, while Caucasians were allowed to
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freely disembark. This experience with racism had a profound impact on Rizal as he later described in a letter to Mariano
Ponce in July of 1888:
“They placed us under quarantine, in spite of the clearance given by the American Consul, of not having had a single case
of illness aboard, and of the telegram of the governor of Hong Kong declaring that port free from epidemic. We were
quarantined because there were on board 800 Chinese and, as elections were being held in San Francisco, the government
wanted to boast that it was taking strict measures against the Chinese to win votes and the people’s sympathy. We were
informed of the quarantine verbally, without specific duration. However, on the same day of our arrival, they unloaded
700 bales of silk without fumigating them; the ship’s doctor went ashore; many customs employees and an American
doctor from the hospital for cholera victims came on board.”
After a week Rizal together with other first class passengers were permitted to land. But the Japanese and the Chinese
and passengers belonging to the second and third class remained aboard.
despite entering the U.S. under an assumed name in 1888, Rizal had no problems with the authorities in the 10 days he
spent traveling from San Francisco to New York City by transcontinental railroad. Along the way, Rizal passed through
Sacramento, Reno, Ogden, Denver, Farmington, Salt Lake City, Provo, before going through Nebraska to Chicago on the
way to Albany, New York, a big city where Rizal stayed for three days and then traveling along the bank of the Hudson
River to Manhattan.
He left the United States for Liverpool, London on board the City of Rome, the second largest ship in the world during his
time.
https://www.slideshare.net/ReggieBoyBeringuela/rizal-in-america-16080313
“I visited the largest cities of America with their big buildings, electric lights, and magnificent conceptions,” Rizal wrote
Ponce in 1888. “Undoubtedly America is a great country, but it still has many defects. There is no real civil liberty. In
some states, the Negro cannot marry a white woman, nor a Negress a white man. Because of their hatred for the Chinese,
other Asians, like the Japanese, being confused with them, are likewise disliked by the ignorant Americans. The Customs
are excessively strict. However, as they say rightly, America offers a home too for the poor who like to work.”
Read more: https://globalnation.inquirer.net/4212/dr-jose-rizal%e2%80%94the-first-filipino-tnt-in-

america#ixzz6WaJo2uDl
Follow us: @inquirerdotnet on Twitter | inquirerdotnet on Facebook
Read more: https://globalnation.inquirer.net/4212/dr-jose-rizal%e2%80%94the-first-filipino-tnt-in-

america#ixzz6WaI5YsmJ
q=rizal+in+america&oq=rizal+in+america&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l5.7152j0j7&sourceid=chro
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In his 10 day transcontinental journey Rizal Observed the following.

Rizal good impression on America
1. Material progress of the country as shown in its cities, farms, and industries.
2. The drive and energy of the Americans.
3. The natural beauty of the land.
4. The high standard of living.
5. The opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants.
Rizal’s bad impression on America

1. Non-existence of true civil liberty, as Negro cannot marry an American and vice versa.
2. The existence of racial prejudice as shown in their hatred of the Chinese, Japanese and
Negroes.
3. The valuing of money over human life
4. Lack of racial equality, America for Rizal the land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites. Rizal said this to
Jose Alejandrino, an engineering student from Belgium.
https://www.slideshare.net/ReggieBoyBeringuela/rizal-in-america-16080313
Rizal in America
d.London
After visiting the United States, Rizal boarded the S.S. CITY OF ROME en route to London. While on board, he
entertained the American and European passengers with his skill of the yoyo. He was to stay in London from May 1888
to March 1889
He chose the English city to be his new home for 3 reasons:

1. To improve his knowledge of the English language.
2. To study and annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
3. London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny
The greatest achievement of Rizal in London was the annotating of Morga's book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
(Historical Events of the Philippine Islands), which was published in Mexico, 1609.
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Upon arrival Rizal stayed one day and spent his night at Adelphi Hotel. The following day Rizal visited
Dr. Regidor an exile of 1872 and practicing lawyer in London and stayed there as a guest and later he transferred to a
private home in No. 37 Chalcot Crescent Primerose Hill owned by Charles Beckett on May 1888. Mr. beckett has a
daughter named Gertrude Beckett or Nicknamed "Gettie" by Rizal, Gettie was apparently keen on Rizal, helped him with
his artwork. Supposedly, her assistance helped Rizal finished his works, namely, 'Prometheus Bound', 'The Triumph of
Death over Life,' and 'The Triumph of Science over Death.'
It's pretty safe to say that nothing really happened between them in the first place, save for the crush Gettie had on "Pettie"
(this was her nickname for Rizal). Some sources say that it was only Gettie who wanted more out of their friendship,
while others say that Rizal got cold feet, which made him decide to leave London for Paris in March 1889, possibly in an
effort to let Gettie down easy.
While in London Rizal received news from home, some were bad some were good,
BAD NEWS:
1. Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the “ Anti Friar Petition of 1888”
2. Persecution of the Calamba Tenants
3. Furious attacks on Rizal
4. Manuel Hidalgo was exiled to Bohol
5. Laureano Viado was arrested and jailed in Bilibid Prison
GOOD NEWS
1. Rev. Vicente Garcia’s defense of the Noli against the attacks of the friars
Short Visit to Paris and Spain

In September 1888 Rizal visited Paris for a week in order to search more historical materials. On December 11,1888
Rizal went to Madrid and Barcelona to visit his friends Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce. On December 24, 1888
Rizal returned to London to spent Christmas and sent gift to his friends for Blumentritt - bust of Emperor Augustus. For
Dr. Carlos Czepelak , bust of Julius Caesar
And for Mrs. Beckett, book “The Life and Adventuresof Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist”
But Rizal suddenly left London for Paris to avoid Gertrude, who was seriously in love with him. Before leaving London,
he was able to finish the group carving of the Beckett sisters. He gave the group carving to Gertrude as a sign of their brief
relationship.
q=rizal+in+london&oq=rizal+in+london&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l5.6716j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
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e.Paris-Brussels, Belgium
In Paris, Rizal spent his time writing his second novel, El Filibusterismo. He also wrote articles for La Solidaridad and
letter for his family and friends. He also spent his remaining time doing gymnastic in the gymnasium, target practice and
fencing at the armory
.
It was in January 28, 1890 when Rizal arrived in Brussels. He left Paris due to the high cost of living because of an
existing Universal Exposition, and because the joyful life in the city hampered his literary works. In Brussels Jose Albert
accompanied Rizal but later replaced by Jose Alejandro. an engineering student. Rizal stayed in 42 Rue Philippe de
Champagne with Jose Alejandro where he wrote several articles for La Solidaridad and finished writing his second novel,
El Filibusterismo, the sequel to Noli Me Tangere
LESSON 9: EXILE IN DAPITAN AND LAST TRIP ABROAD
DISCUSSION
1.Exile in Dapitan
José Rizal was exiled in Dapitan in 1892, and he began adapting to his new home. He helped the local residents by
offering free education to all children, befriending his student Jose Asiniero , and rendering his services as a doctor,
including treating his mother, Doña Teodora Alonzo, who visited him with his sisters Maria and Narcisa.
He met his fiancée Josephine Bracken who brought her blinded stepfather George Taufer but later on she left him for her
beloved Rizal. They decided to marry, but were refused of a Church wedding on political grounds. The couple settles
for a common-law marriage despite initial opposition from Rizal's family, and have a stillborn son Rizal named Francisco.
Though pained by his banishment to Dapitan in northwestern Mindanao. On 17 July 1892, Jose Rizal used his time and
skills productively to ease his solitude. For four years (1892-1896), Rizal kept himself busy with various pursuits and
occupations: as an educator, doctor, farmer, artist, architect and engineer, entrepreneur, archaeologist, and naturalist.
With the Dapitanons’ welfare in mind, Rizal cultivated a 34-hectare farm in Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte, some 38
kilometers south of Talisay, Dapitan where the museum in his honor stands today. Rizal also put up a school and
dormitory for boys in Talisay as well as a clinic where he treated ailments and performed eye surgery. With engineering
and architectural skills, he built a dam and waterworks in Talisay and set up the town plaza of Dapitan with street lighting.
Rizal’s scientific mind spurred him to conduct archaeological excavations uncovering pre-colonial artifacts; as a
naturalist, he collected biological and botanical specimens, such as Apogonia rizali(Beatle),racaporus rizali(frog) and
draca rizali(grasshopper) and sent to European scientist which were named after him; and as a linguist, he studied Visayan
and Malayan languages. Rizal continued his literary pursuits while in exile, writing poetry such as Mi Retiro, which
described his place of exile as a tranquil haven from political persecution, and the song, Himno a Talisay, for his pupils,
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which paid tribute to individual excellence and holistic education. Rizal also created sculptures from clay such as Oyang
Dapitana and Mother’s Revenge.
It was also in Talisay where Rizal met and fell in love with Josephine Bracken, whose adoptive father Rizal had treated as
a patient in Dapitan. Rizal wrote a poem to Josephine, “A Josefina” and asked his family to accept her as one of their
own. Jose and Josephine lived as husband and wife in the casa residencia, where family members stayed during their
visits.
Rizal’s productive years in Dapitan transformed the lives, attitudes, and consciousness of the Dapitanons. His exemplary
life was dictated by simple pleasures—cultivating the land, enriching the minds of the young, encouraging thrift and
industry, developing artistry and ingenuity, and showing compassion through communal health and welfare. On his
departure, the people of Dapitan turned out en masse to see him off.
The Museo ni Jose Rizal in Dapitan reflects Rizal’s life in exile through his personal memorabilia and correspondence
with his family and friends, whom he missed dearly. Some of his most poignant letters were written in Dapitan. His
nipa hut residence, clinic, school, dormitory, dam and waterworks are living testaments to Rizal’s expansive range of
talents and his commitment to serve the country he loved.
2.Last Trip Abroad

On July 31, 1896 after he received the communication that he was allowed by Governor-General Ramon Blanco to serve
as military doctor in Cuba, Rizal left Dapitan on board the ''Espana'' for Manila with delightful stopovers in Dumaguete,
Cebu, Ilo-ilo, Capiz and Romblon. Rizal, worried about the raging hostilities, left for Spain on the steamer ''Isla de
Panay'' on September 3, 1896. It was his last trip abroad. While leaving for Cuba via Spain, he was arrested imprisoned
in Barcelona and sent back later to Manila to stand trial on sedition, rebellion and conspiracy.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/298800894/Last-Trip-Abroad-of-Jose-Rizal
Zaide and Zaide .1999
Lesson 10: TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF RIZAL

DISCUSSION
On December 6, 1896, the trial of Dr. Jose Rizal by a Spanish military court for sedition, rebellion and conspiracy, began.
This leads to his execution and martyrdom.
Jose Rizal who was imprisoned first in Barcelona and later in Fort Santiago, was implicated in the revolution which was
launched in August 1896 by the Katipunan led by Andres Bonifacio, whose aim was to liberate the country from Spanish
colonization.
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He pleaded his innocence but he was still convicted on all three charges of rebellion, sedition and conspiracy and
sentenced to death.
Earlier, Rizal was already considered as an enemy of the state by the Spanish authorities with the publication of his two
great novels -- Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
(Source: Philippine News Agency archives)
Rizal’s Defender Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade,1st Lieutenant of the Artillery, brother of Jose Taviel de Andrade, the
bodyguard of Rizal. Rizal’s Arraignment was on December 11, 1896, charged with the crime of rebellion, and the
formation of illegal associations. Rizal replied that: he does not question the jurisdiction of the court, he has nothing to
amend except that during his exile in Dapitan in 1892, he had not dealt in political matters; He has nothing to admit on
the charges against him, he had nothing to admit on the declarations of the witnesses he had not met nor knew.
On December 13, 1896 while in Detention, Rizal released a manifesto that he denounces the revolution and condemned
Katipunan for using his name without his permission. On December 26, 1896, the actual trial at Hall of Banners of the
Cuartel de España, he was accused of 3 crimes: rebellion, sedition, illegal associations with a Penalty of Life
imprisonment-death for rebellion and sedition, correctional imprisonment and a fine of 325 to 3250 pesetas for illegal
association.
As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion. He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan
comprising revolutionary elements. Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he really was guilty,
he could have escaped while he was in Singapore, if he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he
shouldn't have built a home, bought a parcel of land or established a hospital in Dapitan. If he was really the leader of the
revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted him. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga
Filipina, but to make things clear, the organization was a civic association, not a revolutionary society.
Defense of Rizal. After the first meeting of La Liga, the association banished because of his exile in Dapitan, thus, did
not last long. If the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it. If the La Liga had a
revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been organized. If the Spanish authorities found his letters having
bitter atmosphere, it was because in 1890 his family was being persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties
and deportation of all his brother- in-laws. He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan – the politico-military commanders and
missionary priests in the province could attest to that. If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo
Ongjunco's house had inspired the revolution, then he want to confront these persons. If he really was for the revolution,
then why did the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan? It is so because all his friends were aware
that he never advocated violence.
December 28, 1896, governor General Camilo Garcia de Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered
Rizal to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field. Thus, Rizal was executed on said
date in Bagumbayan (Luneta), which has been renamed Rizal Park in his memoir
https://www.slideshare.net/djoshuaabel/trial-of-rizal
FILIPINO REBELLION AFTER RIZAL'S EXECUTION
The following words are excerpt from Jeffrey Hays’ FACTS AND DETAILS “Jose Rizal’s Execution and Filipino
Rebellions Against Spain”
The Philippine independence struggle turned more violent after Rizal's death. It was led first by Andres Bonifacio and
later by Emilio Aguinaldo. Emilio Aguinaldo was a peasant worker and an idealist young firebrand. Rizal's death filled
Cabarroguis Campus
the rebels with new determination, but the Katipunan was becoming divided between supporters of Bonifacio, who
revealed himself to be an increasingly ineffective leader, and its rising star, Aguinaldo. At a convention held at Tejeros,
the Katipunan's headquarters in March 1897, delegates elected Aguinaldo president and demoted Bonifacio to the post of
director of the interior. Bonifacio withdrew with his supporters and formed his own government. After fighting broke out
between Bonifacio's and Aguinaldo's troops, Bonifacio was arrested, tried, and on May 10, 1897, executed by order of
Aguinaldo. [Source: Library of Congress *]
Aguinaldo He extracted some concessions from the Spaniards in 1897 and declared Philippines independence on June, 12,
1898 from the balcony of his home in Cavite and established himself as president of an ill-fated provisional Philippine
Republic after Filipinos drove the Spanish from most of the archipelago. Through their revolutionary proclamation,
Filipinos claim that the Philippines was the first democratic republic in Asia. In one battle unarmed rebels on the island of
Negros tricked the Spanish into retreating by launching an attack with “cannons” made rolled-up palm-leaf mats painted
black and “bayonet rifles” constructed from bamboo.
As 1897 wore on, Aguinaldo himself suffered reverses at the hands of Spanish troops, being forced from Cavite in June
and retreating to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan Province. The futility of the struggle was becoming apparent on both sides.
Although Spanish troops were able to defeat insurgents on the battlefield, they could not suppress guerrilla activity. In
August armistice negotiations were opened between Aguinaldo and a new Spanish governor.
After three years of bloodshed, most of it Filipino, a Spanish-Filipino peace pact was signed in Hong Kong in December,
1897. According to the agreement the Spanish governor of the Philippines would pay Aguinaldo the equivalent of
US$800,000, and the rebel leader and his government would go into exile. Aguinaldo established himself in Hong Kong,
and the Spanish bought themselves time. Within the year, however, their more than three centuries of rule in the islands
would come to an abrupt and unexpected end. *
According to Lonely Planet: “Predictably, the pact's demands satisfied nobody. Promises of reform by the Spanish were
broken, as were promises by the Filipinos to stop their revolutionary plotting. The Filipino cause attracted huge support
from the Japanese, who tried unsuccessfully to send money and two boatloads of weapons to the exiled revolutionaries in
Hong Kong.
When the Spanish-American War broke out in April 1898, Spain’s fleet was easily defeated at Manila. Aguinaldo
returned, and his 12,000 troops kept the Spanish forces bottled up in Manila until U.S. troops landed. The Spanish cause
was doomed, but the Americans did nothing to accommodate the inclusion of Aguinaldo in the succession. Fighting
between American and Filipino troops broke out almost as soon as the Spanish had been defeated. Aguinaldo issued a
declaration of independence on June 12, 1898. However, the Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898, by the United
States and Spain, ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the United States, recognized Cuban independence,
and gave US$20 million to Spain. A revolutionary congress convened at Malolos, north of Manila, promulgated a
constitution on January 21, 1899, and inaugurated Aguinaldo as president of the new republic two days later. Hostilities
broke out in February 1899, and by March 1901 Aguinaldo had been captured and his forces defeated. Despite
Aguinaldo’s call to his compatriots to lay down their arms, insurgent resistance continued until 1903. The Moros,
suspicious of both the Christian Filipino insurgents and the Americans, remained largely neutral, but eventually their own
armed resistance had to be subjugated, and Moro territory was placed under U.S. military rule until 1914. *
http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Philippines/sub5_6a/entry-3839.html
© 2008 Jeffrey Hays
Last updated June 2015
REFERENCES
Cabarroguis Campus
Capino, Diosdado, G. ,et.al. 1977., Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings: their Impact on our
National Identity. JMC Press, Inc. Quezon City
Deleon, Hector S. et.al., 2011, Texbook on the Philippine Constitution ,Rex Book Store,
Manila
Maguigad, Rogelio B., et. Al., 2000, Jose Rizal; The First Filipino, Optimum Books, Sta.Mesa,
Manila
Ocampo, A. R., 1990, Rizal Without the Overcoat, ANVIL Publishing, Inc. Pasig, Metro
Manila
Zaide, Gregorio F. , et. Al., 2008, “Jose Rizal : Life, Woks and Writings of a genius, Writer,
Scientist and national Hero”.second edition., All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc. Quezon City
National Historical Institute, 2007, Jose Rizal’s Political and Historical Writings, ermita,
Manila. p. 130 p. 227

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QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY

LEGAL BASES OF RIZAL COURSE

Aims of the law

The following is a full copy of RA No. 1425 for you to read

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425

SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved: June 12, 1956

[PDF] Republic Act No. 1425, s. 1956

2. Memorandum Order No. 247, s. 1994

Below is a full copy of the Memorandum for you to read

MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. 247

This Memorandum Order takes effect immediately after its issuance.

THE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZAL’S TIME

Union of the church and the state

Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.

Racial discrimination was offensive to the Filipinos

Denial of human rights spurs the Filipinos to fight for them.

The spirit of reform in Spain influences Philippine Progress.

LESSON 3. RIZAL FAMILY AND ANCESTRY

Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Her nickname

SATURNINA MERCADO (1850-

Only brother and confidant of José Rizal and the second

The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a

NARCISA MERCADO (1852-1939)

The fourth child. Ypia was her pet name. Married Silvestre

OLYMPIA MERCADO (1855-1887)

The fifth child. Married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba. He

LUCIA MERCADO (1857-1919)

The sixth child. Her nickname was Biang. Married

MARIA MERCADO (1859-1945)

JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)

CONCEPCION MERCADO (1862-1865)

Josefa Rizal or Panggoy had epilepsy. She was the ninth child of

JOSEFA MERCADO (1865-1945)

TRINIDAD MERCADO (1868-1951)

She was the youngest child of the Rizal-Mercado

SOLEDAD MERCADO (1870-1929)

FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898)

TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913)

LESSON 4. BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA

INFLUENCES ON THE HEROES BOYHOOD

1. HEREDITARY INFLUENCE. From his Malayan ancestors, Rizal inherited his love for freedom, his innate desire

Hereditary traits from Don Francisco Mercado

Lesson 5. STUDIES AND EXPERIENCE

EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN ATENEO • He was an active member, later secretary, of Marian

3.MEDICAL STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

1877-1878 Philosophy & Letters

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SCHOLASTIC RECORD

LESSON 6. THE HERO’S TRAVELS

THE FIRST TRIP ABROAD (EXPERIENCES)

Zaide and Zaide . Rizal’s Life works and writings, 1999

LESSON 8: Trip to America, London, Brussels and Belgium

Read more: https://globalnation.inquirer.net/4212/dr-jose-rizal%e2%80%94the-first-filipino-tnt-in-

Read more: https://globalnation.inquirer.net/4212/dr-jose-rizal%e2%80%94the-first-filipino-tnt-in-

In his 10 day transcontinental journey Rizal Observed the following.

Rizal’s bad impression on America

He chose the English city to be his new home for 3 reasons:

Short Visit to Paris and Spain

2.Last Trip Abroad

Lesson 10: TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF RIZAL

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