Professional Documents
Culture Documents
90-GT-118
345 E. 47 St., New York, N.Y. 10017
ES
The Society shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or in dis-
cussion at meetings of the Society or of its Divisions or Sections, or printed in its publications.
M Discussion is printed only if the paper is published in an ASME Journal. Papers are available
]^L from ASME for fifteen months after the meeting.
Printed in USA.
Copyright © 1990 by ASME
ABSTRACT
After describing the historical origins of the Multirole mission military engine
SNECMA M88 engine development program, the paper Cycle and architecture
presents the general development planning until the
production engine flight qualification at the end of Mleelon 1 Mlealon 2
Low altitude penetration C.blae• High eMltutla flight a wioAry
1995. and interception capability
Presented at the Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition—June 11-14, 1990—Brussels, Belgium
This paper has been accepted for publication in the Transactions of the ASME
Discussion of it will be accepted at ASME Headquarters until September 30, 1990
fully designed the same way as future flight engine
would be. 1988 1Be) IBBB IBB9 080 1991 I9B2 893 gg5
HP core Eevebpmerrt
Then, taking into account the complete M98-2 engne ttY CeaSooment .-- --- —
demonstration program results, SNECMA was able to D.Wery of 9 bench enyrea
contract with the French Ministry of Defense, valid First Bight on ACT-RAFALE D
until the very end of the full development program. EngFie pmductbn stentleed poeuf t
Afterwards, the nominal 75 kN thrust with max Fig. 2. The Development Planning
reheat was reached on April 12, 1989, after less
than 10 operation hours of the engine. These good
results enabled SNECMA to achieve the first official Still in the material field, particularly
performance test on April 21, 1989, five months important are the hot and cold nozzle flaps made
before the contractual milestone. with silicon-carbide matrix material developed by
the Societi Europienne de Propulsion which is a
Meanwhile, the eight other bench engines of the SNECMA subsidiary. Also, another composite material
program were delivered within the foreseen period, (PMR 15) will be used on production engines to make
one of them being used for the first flight of the the bypass duct of the engine, which is today made
engine on the ACX-RAFALE demonstration aircraft. of chemically machined titanium. Other uses of
composite materials are being studied for further
During the second part of 1990, the second mass reduction.
official test, which is required before the initial
flight of the first ACT-RAFALE D prototype aircraft
in the first quarter of 1991, with two SNECMA M88-2
engines. • METALLIC MATERIALS
• AM, 0110y neseloped with ONERA, Per.. 'ECOIe des Mines Laboratory (loceled to SNECMA•e Cornea
Further, the engine production standard tncnity7 and IMPHY s.a.
qualification is scheduled in the third quarter of • sophlallcatea cooling system the flow temperature is ap proalnla lely 300 degrees higher hen
the ...ling pmnt of malarial.
1992, and the engine production flight qualification
C Powder melal$a,9Y
is to be obtained at the end of 1995. This full
• Adeante get : high Temperature me clra nib al strength, low cracks progresain8 speed.
development program includes 5500 bench test hours, • The lost engines hot disks are made wnh eel-known Aslroloy :
both sea level and simulated altitude cell tests, production angoras hot dabs ee be made with trench elabosated NIB eeoc, also developed wnh ONE.RA.
Paris'Ecote des M.,es' Laboratory end IMPHY 0.5.
and 4000 flight operating hours with 15 additional • A temple.. european N IN ebborallar system Is under consBUClan.
hours of which to be made for specific engine tests. • Hol and cold no)tle petals : SEP's seLoam carbide .ctrl..alma..
• Am - pAss dud: PMR IS saps
• CALCULATION METHODS
. Aerooy...... p.rlamanccs improvernenl.
THE MAIN NEW TECHNOLOGIES (Figure 3) • 30 caEdelon Idl at Iluwa and OCT :h_ :LAI ebmails Bcumani.
Another highly advanced technology employed for Fig. 5. Full Authority Digital Control System
the SNECMA M88-2 engine is redundant, full-authority Benefits
digital electronic control, which allows the use of
highly precise control rules, with utilization of
all engine possibilities, without restriction of - 6 stage High Pressure (HP) compressor with
throttle movement throughout the flight envelope, three variable stator stages including a
regardless the mission phase or the flight variable inlet guide vane, for better flow
configuration of the aircraft, Figure 5. This fully adaptation at any rotating speed. The
redundant system integrates two similar computers, number of stages are chosen for good surge
which also do health monitoring and maintenance margin and growth potential within the
calculations, and also integrates a specific SNECMA M88 family, whose thrust range is
electric power source for more reliability. 75 up to 105 kN with the same core engine;
As shown in Figure 6, the SNECMA M88-2 engine - 1 stage HP and 1 stage LP turbine;
is a two shaft augmented mixed flow turbofan, the
main features of its architecture are the following: - converging nozzle for rear drag reduction
during subsonic low altitude penetration
3 stage Low Pressure (LP) compressor with mission, and mass limitation.
variable inlet guide vane for better
operation with very high angle of attack, The max afterburner thrust of the SNECMA M88-2
due to unsteady distortion effects engine is 75 kN (170001b), while the specific fuel
limitation, and with a front bearing consumption is limited at 1.80 kg/daN/h,
inducing a very precise mechanical (1.77lb/lb/h) with an overall pressure ratio of
behavior; 24.5.
3
Then the first goal of the tests is to check
THE ENGINE DEVELOPMENT STATUS validity of all kinds of calculation, mainly done
during the demonstration program for the SNECMA
Computational methods and tests M88-2 engine. However, some specific partial
Within the continual objective of reducing component tests have also been included as part of
development cost for such a program, it must be the full scale development program for six major
taken into account that a very major part of this components (LP compressor, HP compressor, combustor,
cost is due to component and complete engine HP turbine, afterburner, and control system),
testing. The major part is spent for bench engines together with one core engine machine.
and manufacture of rig components. This
experimental part could be thought very excessive
Combustor
The combustion was the second tested component;
Engine cert111cation beta
it took many test series in order to gather complete
knowledge of pressure losses, circumferential and
Currant w,guw com000anl devebprnent p. ocsW.e (us,np cnmputalrane/ 1p )
radial exhaust temperature uniformity, wall
temperatures, combustion stability and re-light
fields, smoke and pollution emission. All these
Fig. 7. Engine Development Process
tests showed that design objectives were real.
CORE ENGINE
1 ,r I !1 't ^
hL l -
ENGINE COMPUTER AFTERBURNER
1
- max required performances quickly
demonstrated;
The pace of these first tests was very high: 3. Mestre, M., "Utilisation des composites
within nine months, the total operating time was haute temperature dans les turboreacteurs", AGARD,
more than doubled, reaching 500 hours, taking into pp. 449-450.
account the demonstration program. The following
tests were to enable SNECMA to put the flight test
engine on board the ACX/RAFALE A demonstration
aircraft for the first flight to take place within
the first quarter of 1990.