REPORT #3 STUDIES OF POLITICAL STATISTICS: STRAIGHT TICKET VOTING IN TEXAS, 1998-2008

PRESENTED BY ACC PROFESSOR LARRY WILLOUGHBY ON BEHALF OF THE ACC CENTER FOR PUBLIC POLICY & POLITICAL STUDIES

DECEMBER 2008

ACC Center for Public Policy & Political Studies: Office of External Affairs 5930 Middle Fiskville Road, Suite 414 Austin, TX 78752 512-223-7069 (O) 512-223-7210 (F) www.austincc.edu/cppps (Web site) cppps@austincc.edu (Email) William Peck Young, Director

SUMMARY OF STRAIGHT TICKET VOTING IN TEXAS 1998-2008 REPORT The following is the third of multiple studies, presentations, and reports that have been and will be conducted by the students and faculty of the Austin Community College Center for Public Policy & Political Studies. Periodically, we conduct non-partisan analytical studies of political statistics (e.g. election results, voter registration, turnout patterns, etc.) to see what these studies reveal about political processes in Texas, and the Austin political community specifically. Associate Professor of History Larry Willoughby prepared this report, with the assistance of Center for Public Policy and Political Studies staff. The maps were prepared by ACC student Rhonda Roundy. This statistical political study is an analysis of straight ticket voting in the Texas elections of 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008. Straight ticket voting occurs when a voter casts a ballot for all candidates within a party line, e.g., all Democratic or all Republican candidates. The ACC Center for Public Policy and Political Studies (the Center) will use the information to observe voting patterns and political trends in Texas. Center staff gathered the data for counties constituting 83% of the total votes for the 2008 General Election. This information was combined with archival data (1998 to 2006) to compile this report. The data and analysis supports the following conclusions: 1. Contrary to expectations, straight ticket voting reached a ten-year high at 57.59% of all votes cast. This exceeded the previous record high in 2004 of 55.55%. 2. Republicans won the straight ticket vote as they have for ten years. However, the Republicans won the straight ticket vote by the smallest margin in 10 years, receiving 50.28% to 48.99% for the Democrats. 3. With only 1.29 percentage points separating the two parties in straight ticket voting, the Republicans margin of victory in the Presidential and U.S. Senate races came by winning the swing (non-straight ticket) vote overwhelmingly. In the Presidential election, the margin among swing voters was 63.1%-36.9%. In the U.S.Senate race, the margin among swing voters for the GOP was 63.9%-36.1%. 4. The good news for the Democrats was that in the nine counties that represented 54.32% of all votes, straight ticket voting represented 59.83% of all votes cast and Democrats won straight ticket voting in these nine counties 52.73% to 46.45% for the GOP. Democrats also won six of these nine counties. These counties were Harris, Dallas, Bexar, Travis, Fort Bend, and El Paso. 5. Finally, of the 21 counties that represent 70% of all votes cast, straight ticket voting represented 57.07% of all votes cast and Democrats won 51.41% of this straight ticket vote to 47.89% for the Republicans. Apparently, at least for this election cycle, straight ticket voting was a majority of the votes cast, but was so evenly divided, it by itself was not decisive. The Republican victory in 2008 came not from control of straight ticket voting, but of swing voting.

Report 3 Studies of Political Statistics: STRAIGHT TICKET VOTING IN TEXAS 1998-2008

FOCUS of STUDY This statistical political study is an analysis of straight ticket voting in the Texas elections of 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008. Information gathered has enabled the ACC Center for Public Policy and Political Studies to observe voting patterns and possible political trends in Texas among straight ticket voters. METHODOLOGY Data for these six elections was compiled from Texas county voting statistics. County officials were contacted until sufficient response represented 83% of total votes cast statewide in Presidential races. The inquiries started with a list of counties from largest to smallest. For the elections from 1998 to 2004, data came from the archives of the director of this center. For the 2006 election, four Austin Community College students (Brad Burnett, Elise Swaving, Anastassia Travina, and Josh Whitcomb) contacted county officials and compiled statistics that represented 73% of the total votes cast throughout Texas. The students asked for the number of total ballots cast in the county, the total straight ticket Republican votes, the total straight ticket Democratic votes, and the total straight ticket Libertarian (or other) votes. The data was obtained verbally over the phone or was taken from a website provided by county officials. For the 2008 election, ACC staffer Maxine Kaplan obtained all the data. Most of the information was obtained from web sites, with some acquired through verbal surveys over the phone. In total, data for this report was compiled from phone surveys, web site reports, and the archives of the director of this center.

Findings and Analysis: I. Before the November 2008 General election, pundits expected a record turnout in Texas of young, minority and first time voters. As a result, the experts expected a drop in straight ticket voting because they felt that these new voters would vote for one or more individuals, but not for a Party or brand. Therefore, the logic was that although many first time voters would be Democratic, Republicans could still expect to hold a safe edge in straight ticket voting statewide. Only the record turnout prediction of this projection proved to be true. Based on an analysis of 47 counties, which represents 83% of all the votes cast for President in Texas in 2008: There was a record turnout of 59.5% Straight ticket voting represented 57.59% of all votes cast. That is higher than the previous high of 55.55% in 2004. The Republicans won straight ticket voting (s.t.voting), but by the smallest margin since this analysis began in 1998. The GOP received 50.28% of the s.t. vote, while Democrats received 48.99% of the s.t. vote in 2008.

In summary, in 2008 in Texas, more people than ever voted, the largest percentage ever voted straight ticket, and the Republicans got the lowest percentage of straight ticket votes in the 10 years of this analysis. II. In the last three Texas General elections, nine counties have made up between 51-54% of the total vote: Harris, Dallas, Tarrant, Bexar, Travis, Collin, Denton, Fort Bend and El Paso. In 2004, these counties represented 52.93% of the total vote. In 2004, straight ticket voting represented 60.97% of total votes cast and Republicans won 54.43% of the s.t.vote. Democrats won 45.57% of the s.t.vote. In 2006, straight ticket voting represented 48.29% of total votes cast in a fourway Governors race, but Democrats narrowly won the 2006 s.t.vote with 49.45% of the votes compared to 49.39% for the GOP. In 2008, these nine counties represented 54.32% of the total vote. In 2008, their straight ticket votes were won by the Democrats - 52.73% to 46.45% for the Republicans, indicating an acceleration of the trend that began in 2006. Further, straight ticket votes represented 59.83% of total votes cast, which was higher than the statewide level. Lastly, the Democrats won the s.t. vote in six of the top nine counties. In 04, Democrats won three. In 06, Democrats won the same six counties, but by smaller margins.

III. In 2008, only 21 counties in Texas represent 70% of the total votes cast. These counties, in order of turnout size are: Harris, Dallas, Tarrant, Bexar, Travis, Collin, Denton, Fort Bend, El Paso, Williamson, Montgomery, Hidalgo, Brazoria, Galveston, Nueces, Lubbock, Bell, Jefferson, McLennan, Smith, Cameron. Among these results, the Center found some interesting patterns: In these counties, straight ticket votes represented 57.07% of total votes cast. Here again, unlike statewide, the Democrats won 51.41% of s.t. votes to 47.89% for the Republicans and .7% for the Libertarians. Democrats won the s.t. vote in 10 of these twenty-one counties including the six they won of the top nine.

IV. Though the straight ticket vote was divided between the two major parties by 1.3 percentage points, the Republicans won the straight ticket swing vote with 63%+ in both the Presidential and U.S. Senate races. The Democrats lost the straight ticket vote by the narrowest margin in the ten years of this study. In the Presidential Election, the Republicans won the swing (non-straight ticket) vote with 63.1% to 36.9% for Democrats. The Republicans in the U.S. Senate Election won the swing vote by 63.9% to 39.1% for Democrats. In short, in Texas in 2008, the swing voter belonged to the Republicans statewide.

Straight Ticket Voting Percentages in Texas since 1998

YEAR
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

S.T.% OF TBC
47.60% 49% 49.60% 55.55% 45.04% 57.59%

GOP% OF S.T.
52.68% 51% 52% 57% 51.33% 50.28%

DEMO% OF S.T.
46.61% 49% 48% 43% 47.44% 48.99%

Presidential Elections Only

YEAR
2000 2004 2008

S.T.% OF TBC
49% 55.55% 57.59%

GOP% OF S.T.
51% 57% 50.28

DEMO% OF S.T.
49% 43% 48.99%

Legend: S.T.% of TBC GOP% of S.T.

Percentage of Straight Ticket Votes of Total Votes Cast Republican Percentage of the Straight Ticket Vote

DEMO% of S.T. Democratic Percentage of the Straight Ticket Vote

Straight Ticket Voting Percentages from 1998-2008

November 4, 2008 President/Vice-President Election Representing 83% of Total Vote Counties by Number of Votes - Highest to Lowest 47 Counties HARRIS DALLAS TARRANT BEXAR TRAVIS COLLIN DENTON FORT BEND EL PASO Total Votes 1,167,285 738,296 626,649 524,634 394,952 294,956 242,145 202,225 184,336 4,375,478 157,659 157,327 130,485 104,656 104,288 100,865 97,063 89,788 88,234 79,593 79,052 75,547 5,824,371 59,022 58,567 53,808 51,771 50,039 48,025 47,541 47,355 47,255 46,796 46,115 45,841 45,356 42,470 38,541 35,591 35,187 35,133 31,947 30,020 29,986 29,519 29,406 28,895 26,099 25,888 6,890,544 CI % TOTAL 14.49% 14.49% 9.17% 23.66% 7.78% 31.44% 6.51% 37.95% 4.90% 42.86% 3.66% 46.52% 3.01% 49.53% 2.51% 52.04% 2.29% 54.33% Tot S.T. 737735 479342 391410 276774 193695 170076 132248 135756 100753 2617789 77961 103865 82661 54728 56471 47639 39947 45775 55299 42442 55400 42871 3322848 29035 22978 28754 26537 25319 24003 28951 22135 25033 27549 23806 20133 25002 25315 16888 21033 17246 19169 16972 15276 15322 13075 13040 14743 11678 10280 3862120 57.59%
Legend CI TOTAL % TOTAL S.T. V. GOP S.T.V. DEMO S.T.V. LIB S.T.V. COUNTY T.V.

GOP S.T. 343282 187746 214053 118774 66303 112595 87080 66615 23526 1219974 46599 82126 20162 33393 30142 21195 27760 23850 20590 22922 31270 11,420 1,591,403 14,334 13402 20211 22312 18369 18859 23074 15982 16153 4297 18618 12324 16428 16847 12241 14912 9804 12227 12946 9270 10205 8455 7994 10011 6896 4456 1,942,030 50.284%

DEMO S.T. 390444 289092 174981 155389 124796 56593 44093 68426 76479 1380293 30488 21108 61808 20964 25946 25843 11945 21588 34517 19170 23715 30,851 1,708,236 14286 9311 8330 4059 6809 5007 5658 5986 8702 22750 5054 7582 8437 8424 4452 5903 7257 6830 3947 5885 4947 4459 4915 4615 4681 5674 1,892,196 48.994%

LIB S.T. 4009 2504 2376 2515 2596 888 1075 715 748 17426 874 631 691 371 383 601 242 337 192 350 415 600 23113 415 265 213 166 201 137 210 167 178 502 134 227 137 44 195 218 185 112 79 121 170 161 131 117 101 150 27849 0.72%

COUNTY T. V. 1185658 741778 633753 530278 394952 297411 242145 202225 188517

WILLIAMSON MONTGOMERY HIDALGO BRAZORIA GALVESTON NUECES LUBBOCK BELL JEFFERSON MCLENNAN SMITH CAMERON

1.96% 1.95% 1.62% 1.30% 1.30% 1.25% 1.21% 1.11% 1.10% 0.99% 0.98% 0.94%

56.29% 58.24% 59.86% 61.16% 62.45% 63.71% 64.91% 66.03% 67.12% 68.11% 69.09% 70.03%

157659 157327 130485 104656 105936 100865 97063 89788 88831 79593 79052 75547

HAYS BRAZOS ELLIS RANDALL JOHNSON COMAL PARKER TAYLOR GUADALUPE WEBB MIDLAND WICHITA GRAYSON GREGG TOM GREEN ECTOR BOWIE KAUFMAN ROCKWALL VICTORIA POTTER HUNT ORANGE HENDERSON HARRISON BASTROP

0.73% 0.73% 0.67% 0.64% 0.62% 0.60% 0.59% 0.59% 0.59% 0.58% 0.57% 0.57% 0.56% 0.53% 0.48% 0.44% 0.44% 0.44% 0.40% 0.37% 0.37% 0.37% 0.37% 0.36% 0.32% 0.32% 83.28%

70.76% 71.49% 72.16% 72.80% 73.42% 74.02% 74.61% 75.20% 75.79% 76.37% 76.94% 77.51% 78.07% 78.60% 79.08% 79.52% 79.96% 80.39% 80.79% 81.16% 81.53% 81.90% 82.27% 82.62% 82.95% 83.27%

59022 58567 53808 51771 50039 48025 47541 47355 47255 46796 46155 45841 45356 42470 38541 35591 35187 35133 31947 30020 29986 29519 29406 28895 26099 25888 1141760

Contribution Index, the percentage that the county contributes to the total vote. Cumulative Percentage Total of the county in that row and the counties listed above it. Total Straight Ticket Vote Republican Straight Ticket Vote Democratic Straight Ticket Vote Libertarian Straight Ticket Vote Total vote per county

Texas counties that represent 83% of the total Presidential vote in 2008

Counties that represent 50% of the Texas General Election Vote from 2004 to 2008
08 County Harris Dallas Tarrant Bexar Travis Collin Denton Fort Bend El Paso Total Votes 1167285 738296 626649 524634 394952 294956 242145 202225 184336 4375478 CI 14.49% 9.17% 7.78% 6.51% 4.90% 3.66% 3.01% 2.51% 2.29% 54.32% Total % 23.66% 16.95% 14.29% 11.41% 8.56% 6.67% 5.52% 4.80% only counted votes not ballots in 2008 GOP 343282 187746 210053 118774 66303 112595 87080 66615 23526 1215974 27.79% GOP 137,663 108,000 92,948 51,869 31,326 10,154 46,621 36,385 23,556 538,522 23.53% 49.39% GOP 368,838 215,161 222,445 137,314 76,553 29,043 112,279 88,185 51,745 1,301,563 33.18% GOP% 46.53% 39.17% 53.67% 42.91% 34.23% 66.20% 65.85% 49.07% 23.35% 46.45% 46.45% GOP% 48.04% 45.18% 57.36% 46.10% 36.63% 26.98% 70.78% 70.11% 47.82% 49.39% DEMO 390444 289092 174981 155389 124796 56593 44093 68426 76479 1380293 31.55% DEMO 145,865 129,136 67,404 58,737 52,462 27,008 18,708 14,992 25,260 539,572 23.58% 49.48% DEMO 323,996 228,034 134,745 128,109 105,784 59,735 36,649 31,714 41,065 1,089,831 27.78% DEMO% 52.92% 60.31% 44.71% 56.14% 64.43% 33.28% 33.34% 50.40% 75.91% 52.73% 52.73% DEMO% 50.90% 54.02% 41.59% 52.20% 61.34% 71.77% 28.40% 28.89% 51.27% 49.48% LIB 4009 2504 2376 2515 2596 888 1075 715 748 17426 0.398% LIB 3,052 1,913 1,697 1,917 1,736 467 541 518 448 12,289 0.54% 1.13% LIB% 0.0054 0.0052 0.0061 0.0091 0.0134 0.0052 0.0081 0.0053 0.0074 0.0067 0.0067 LIB% 1.06% 0.80% 1.05% 1.70% 2.03% 1.24% 0.82% 1.00% 0.91% 1.13% TOT S.T.V. 737735 479342 391410 276774 193695 170076 132248 135756 100753 2617789 59.83% TOT S.T.V. 286,580 239,049 162,049 112,523 85,524 37,629 65,870 51,895 49,264 1,090,383 48.29%

06 County Harris Dallas Tarrant Bexar Travis El Paso Collin Denton Ft. Bend Total

Total Votes CI 589,348 13.40% 406,211 9.23% 326,337 7.42% 274,081 6.23% 226,176 5.14% 90,723 2.06% 138,088 3.14% 108,513 2.47% 98,427 2.24% 2,257,904 51.33%

Total % 22.63% 30.05% 36.28% 41.42% 43.48% 46.62% 49.09% 51.33%

TBC 601,186 409,886 329,340 277,072 228,299 93,654 139,247 109,327 100,526 2,288,537 47.65%

04 County Harris Dallas Tarrant Bexar Travis El Paso Collin Denton Ft Bend Total

Total Votes CI 1,067,968 14.41% 687,709 9.28% 560,141 7.56% 475,314 6.41% 352,113 4.75% 169,573 2.29% 245,154 3.31% 201,410 2.72% 163,169 2.20% 3,922,551 52.93%

Total % 23.69% 16.84% 13.97% 11.17% 7.04% 5.60% 6.03% 4.92%

GOP% 53.24% 48.55% 62.28% 51.73% 41.98% 32.71% 75.39% 73.55% 55.75% 54.43% 54.43%

DEMO% 46.76% 51.45% 37.72% 48.27% 58.02% 67.29% 24.61% 26.45% 44.25% 45.57% 45.57%

TOT S.T.V. 692,834 443,195 357,190 265,423 182,337 88,778 148,928 119,899 92,810 2,391,394 60.97%

Legend: Total Votes: CI: Total %: TBC: GOP: GOP%: DEMO: DEMO%: LIB: LIB%: TOT S.T.V.:

Total Votes cast in the county in the Gubernatorial/Presidential races Contribution Index, the percentage that the county contributes to the total vote Cumulative Percentage Total of the county in that row and the counties listed above it Total ballots cast in the county as reported by the County Clerk Republican Straight Ticket Votes Republican Percentage of the Straight Ticket Vote Democratic Straight Ticket Votes Democratic Percentage of the Straight Ticket Vote Libertarian Straight Ticket Votes Libertarian Percentage of Straight Ticket Vote Total Straight Ticket Votes

04/08 DEMO %:2004 Democratic Straight Ticket percentage

Counties that represent 50% of the Texas General Election Vote from 2004-2008

Dallam

Sherman

Hansford

Ochiltree

Lipscomb

Hartley

Moore

Hutchinson

Roberts

Hemphill

Top 9 Counties

Oldham

Potter

Carson

Gray

Wheeler

Deaf Smith

Randall

Armstrong

Donley

Collingsworth

Parmer

Castro

Swisher

Briscoe

Hall

Childress Hardeman

Bailey

Lamb

Hale

Floyd

Motley

Cottle

Wilbarger Foard Wichita Clay Montague Grayson Lamar Delta

Cochran

Hockley

Lubbock

Crosby

Dickens

King

Knox

Baylor

Archer

Cooke

Fannin

Red River Bowie

Franklin

Yoakum

Terry

Lynn

Garza

Kent

Stonewall

Haskell

Throckmorton

Young

Jack

Wise

Denton

Collin

Titus Camp Upshur

Morris

Hunt

Hopkins Rains Wood

Cass Marion Harrison

Gaines

Dawson

Borden

Scurry

Fisher

Jones

Shackelford Stephens

Palo Pinto

Parker

Rockwall Tarrant Dallas

Kaufman Van Zandt Andrews Martin Howard Mitchell Nolan Taylor Callahan Eastland Erath Hood Somervell Navarro Hill Loving El Paso Hudspeth Culberson Reeves Ward Winkler Ector Midland Glasscock Sterling Coke Runnels Comanche Coleman Brown Mills Upton Reagan Tom Green Irion Concho McCulloch San Saba Schleicher Jeff Davis Pecos Crockett Sutton Terrell Presidio Val Verde Brewster Edwards Real Kerr Kendall Bandera Comal Guadalupe Bexar Kinney Uvalde Medina Wilson Maverick Zavala Frio Atascosa Karnes Victoria Goliad Dimmit La Salle McMullen Live Oak Bee Calhoun Refugio DeWitt Jackson Matagorda Gonzales Lavaca Wharton Brazoria Kimble Gillespie Blanco Hays Travis Bastrop Fayette Austin Colorado Fort Bend Galveston Lee Washington
r Wa lle

Gregg Johnson Ellis Henderson Rusk

C he r

Smith Panola

Bosque Freestone McLennan Coryell Falls Bell Robertson Milam Williamson Brazos Burleson Limestone Leon

Anderson

Hamilton

ok ee

Na c og

Shelby
do c he
Sa n e Au gustin

Crane

Houston Trinity

Lampasas

Angelina

Sabine
Newton

Menard Mason Llano Burnet

Madison Walker Grimes San Jacinto Montgomery Liberty Harris Chambers Hardin Polk Tyler

Jasper

Orange

Jefferson

Jim Wells Webb Duval

San Patricio Aransas

Nueces Kleberg

Zapata

Jim Hogg

Brooks Kenedy

Starr Hidalgo

Willacy

Cameron

Dallam

Sherman

Hansford

Ochiltree

Lipscomb

Hartley

Moore

Hutchinson

Roberts

Hemphill

70% Counties

Oldham

Potter

Carson

Gray

Wheeler

Deaf Smith

Randall

Armstrong

Donley

Collingsworth

Parmer

Castro

Swisher

Briscoe

Hall

Childress Hardeman

Bailey

Lamb

Hale

Floyd

Motley

Cottle

Wilbarger Foard Wichita Clay Montague Grayson Lamar Delta

Cochran

Hockley

Lubbock

Crosby

Dickens

King

Knox

Baylor

Archer

Cooke

Fannin

Red River Bowie

Franklin

Yoakum

Terry

Lynn

Garza

Kent

Stonewall

Haskell

Throckmorton

Young

Jack

Wise

Denton

Collin

Titus Camp Upshur

Morris

Hunt

Hopkins Rains Wood

Cass Marion Harrison

Gaines

Dawson

Borden

Scurry

Fisher

Jones

Shackelford Stephens

Palo Pinto

Parker

Rockwall Tarrant Dallas Kaufman

Andrews

Martin

Howard

Mitchell

Nolan

Taylor

Callahan

Eastland Erath

Hood Somervell

Van Zandt Johnson Ellis Henderson Navarro Hill

C

Gregg Smith Rusk

Panola

Loving El Paso Hudspeth Culberson Reeves

Winkler

Ector

Midland

Glasscock

Sterling

Coke

Runnels

Comanche Coleman Brown Mills Hamilton

Bosque Freestone McLennan Coryell Falls Bell Robertson Milam Williamson Brazos Burleson Limestone Leon

Anderson

he r

ok ee

Na c og

Shelby
do c he
Sa n e Au gustin

Ward

Crane

Upton

Reagan

Tom Green Irion

Concho McCulloch San Saba Lampasas

Houston Trinity

Angelina

Sabine
Newton

Schleicher Jeff Davis Pecos Crockett Sutton Terrell Presidio Val Verde Brewster Edwards

Menard Mason Kimble Gillespie Kerr Kendall Real Bandera Comal Guadalupe Bexar Blanco Hays Travis Bastrop Fayette Austin Colorado Gonzales Wilson Lee Washington Llano Burnet

Madison Walker Grimes San Jacinto Montgomery Liberty Harris Chambers Fort Bend
r Wa lle

Jasper Polk Tyler

Hardin Orange

Jefferson

Kinney

Uvalde

Medina DeWitt

Lavaca Wharton Brazoria Jackson Victoria

Galveston

Maverick

Zavala

Frio

Atascosa

Karnes Goliad

Matagorda Calhoun

Dimmit

La Salle

McMullen Live Oak

Bee

Refugio

Jim Wells Webb Duval

San Patricio Aransas

Nueces Kleberg

Zapata

Jim Hogg

Brooks Kenedy

Starr Hidalgo

Willacy

Cameron

Dallam

Sherman

Hansford

Ochiltree

Lipscomb

Hartley

Moore

Hutchinson

Roberts

Hemphill

Counties Making Up 83%

Oldham

Potter

Carson

Gray

Wheeler

Deaf Smith

Randall

Armstrong

Donley

Collingsworth

Parmer

Castro

Swisher

Briscoe

Hall

Childress Hardeman

Bailey

Lamb

Hale

Floyd

Motley

Cottle

Wilbarger Foard Wichita Clay Montague Grayson Lamar Delta

Cochran

Hockley

Lubbock

Crosby

Dickens

King

Knox

Baylor

Archer

Cooke

Fannin

Red River Bowie

Franklin

Yoakum

Terry

Lynn

Garza

Kent

Stonewall

Haskell

Throckmorton

Young

Jack

Wise

Denton

Collin

Titus Camp Upshur

Morris

Hunt

Hopkins Rains Wood

Cass Marion Harrison

Gaines

Dawson

Borden

Scurry

Fisher

Jones

Shackelford Stephens

Palo Pinto

Parker

Rockwall Tarrant Dallas Kaufman

Andrews

Martin

Howard

Mitchell

Nolan

Taylor

Callahan

Eastland Erath

Hood Somervell

Van Zandt Johnson Ellis Henderson Navarro Hill

C

Gregg Smith Rusk

Panola

Loving El Paso Hudspeth Culberson Reeves

Winkler

Ector

Midland

Glasscock

Sterling

Coke

Runnels

Comanche Coleman Brown Mills Hamilton

Bosque Freestone McLennan Coryell Falls Bell Robertson Milam Williamson Brazos Burleson Limestone Leon

Anderson

he r

ok ee

Na c og

Shelby
do c he
Sa n e Au gustin

Ward

Crane

Upton

Reagan

Tom Green Irion

Concho McCulloch San Saba Lampasas

Houston Trinity

Angelina

Sabine
Newton

Schleicher Jeff Davis Pecos Crockett Sutton Terrell Presidio Val Verde Brewster Edwards

Menard Mason Kimble Gillespie Kerr Kendall Real Bandera Comal Guadalupe Bexar Blanco Hays Travis Bastrop Fayette Austin Colorado Gonzales Wilson Lee Washington Llano Burnet

Madison Walker Grimes San Jacinto Montgomery Liberty Harris Chambers Fort Bend
r Wa lle

Jasper Polk Tyler

Hardin Orange

Jefferson

Kinney

Uvalde

Medina DeWitt

Lavaca Wharton Brazoria Jackson Victoria

Galveston

Maverick

Zavala

Frio

Atascosa

Karnes Goliad

Matagorda Calhoun

Dimmit

La Salle

McMullen Live Oak

Bee

Refugio

Jim Wells Webb Duval

San Patricio Aransas

Nueces Kleberg

Zapata

Jim Hogg

Brooks Kenedy

Starr Hidalgo

Willacy

Cameron