VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD

Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

COURSE PACK FOR POWER QUALITY (2022-23)

Course
POWER QUALITY Course Type CORE
Title
Course
A5260 Credits 3 Class IV Year I Sem
Code
Contact Work Total Number of
TLP Credits Assessment in
Hours Load Classes
Weightage
Course Theory 3 3 3 Per Semester
Structure Practice - - -
Theory Practical CIE SEE
Tutorial - - -
Total 3 3 3 42 - 30% 70%
Course Lead: Mr .B.MOHAN
Course Theory Practice
Instructors 1. Mr .B.MOHAN
-
2. Ms.D.SHARANYA

COURSE OVERVIEW:
The course addresses various issues related to power quality in power systems. This course
explains the concepts of transients, flickers, voltage sag, Voltage swell, limits for voltage sag and
power quality monitoring.

COURSE OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this course is to understand the aspects of power quality in distribution system
and various indices to estimate the power quality.

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

After the completion of the course, the student will be able to:

CO# Course Outcomes POs

A5260.1 Analyze the severity of power quality problems in distribution 2
system.
A5260.2 Analyze the various causes of voltage flicker and their effects and 2
various means to reduce flickers.
A5260.3 Apply the knowledge of voltage sag/swell interruptions to 1
improve power quality.
A5260.4 Apply the knowledge of harmonic sources and effects to 1
improve the performance of system.
A5260.5 Evaluate the approaches followed in power quality monitoring. 4

Dept. of EEE Page 1 of 9

 VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BLOOM’S LEVEL OF THE COURSE OUTCOMES

Bloom’s Level
CO# Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create
(L1) (L2) (L3) (L4) (L5) (L6)
A5260.1 
A5260.2 
A5260.3 
A5260.4 
A5260.5 

COURSE ARTICULATION MATRIX

CO#/
PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9

PO1

PO1

PO1

PSO

PSO
0

2
POs
A5260.1 3
A5260.2 3
A5260.3 3
A5260.4 3
A5260.5 3

Note: 1-Low, 2-Medium, 3-High

Dept. of EEE Page 2 of 9

 VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

COURSE ASSESSMENT

Component
S. Duration Total
Component Wise Weightage Marks
No. in Hours Marks
Marks
1 Theory: Test-1 1.5 40
Continuou
2 Theory: Test-2 1.5 40
s Internal
Alternate 100 30% 30
Evaluation
3 - 20
(CIE) Assessment*
4 Practical Exam - -

5 Semester End Exam (SEE) 3 100 100 70% 70

Total Marks 100

* Assignment, Quiz, Group learning activities, Class test, MOOCs /SWAYAM/NPTEL and etc.

COURSE CONTENT

THEORY

Contents
MODULE-I
INTRODUCTION: Importance of power quality, terms and definitions of power quality as per IEEE std.
such as transients, short and long duration voltage variations, interruptions, short and long voltage
fluctuations, imbalance, flickers and transient. Symptoms of poor power quality: definitions and
terminology of grounding, purpose of groundings, good grounding practices and problems due to
poor grounding.
MODULE-II
FLICKERS AND TRANSIENT VOLTAGES: RMS Voltage variations in power system and voltage
regulation per unit system, complex power. Principle of voltage regulation, basic power flow and
voltage drop, various devices used for voltage regulation and impact of reactive power management.
Various causes of voltage flicker and their effects, Short term and long term flickers.
MODULE-III
VOLTAGE SAG, SWELLS AND INTERRUPTIONS: Definitions of voltage sag and interruptions, Voltage
sags versus interruptions. Economic impact of voltage sag, Major causes and consequences of
voltage sags, Voltage sag characteristics, Voltage sag assessment. Influence of fault location and fault

Dept. of EEE Page 3 of 9

 VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
level on voltage sag, Areas of vulnerability.

LIMITS AND MEASURES FOR VOLTAGE SAG: Assessment of Equipment sensitivity to voltage sags and
analysis, voltage sag indices, mitigation measures for voltage sags, such as UPS, DVR, SMEs, CVT etc.
MODULE-IV
WAVEFORM DISTORTION: Definition of harmonics, inter-harmonics, sub-harmonics. Causes and
effect of harmonics, voltage versus current distortion. Harmonic indices and analysis.
MODULE-V
POWER QUALITY MONITORING: Need of power quality monitoring and approaches followed in
power quality monitoring. Power quality monitoring objectives and requirements. Initial site survey.
Power quality instrumentation. Selection of power quality monitors, selection of monitoring location
and period.

Text Books:
1. M. H. J. Bollen (2000), Understanding Power Quality Problems, voltage sag and interruptions, 1st
Edition, IEEE Press, New Delhi.
2. Roger. C. Dugan, Mark. F. McGranagham, Surya Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty (2008), Electrical Power
Systems Quality, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publications, New Delhi.

Reference Books:
1. J. Arrillaga, M. R. Watson, S. Chan (2007), Power system quality assessment, 1st Edition, John Wiley
and sons, New Delhi.

SWAYAM/NPTEL/MOOCs:

1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/106/108106025/
2. https://studypowerquality.com/course/introduction-to-power-quality/
3. https://www.avotraining.com/courses/electrical-training-courses/electrical-maintenance-training/
power-quality-harmonics
4. https://pdhonline.com/courses/e290/e290_new.htm
5. https://www.electricityforum.com/electrical-training/power-quality-training

Self-Learning Exercises:

1. Various power quality problems at domestic level

2. Verification measures taken for monitoring of power quality at substation level
3. Causes for voltage sag
4. Causes for over voltages
5. Causes for harmonics

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 VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SESSON PLAN:
Lecture # Topics to be covered COs
1. Power Quality Course description CO1
2. Importance of power quality CO1

Terms and definitions of power quality as per IEEE std. such as CO1
3.
transients
4. Short and long duration voltage variations CO1

5. Short and long voltage fluctuations CO1

6. Voltage imbalance, flickers and transient CO1

Symptoms of poor power quality: definitions and terminology of CO1

7.
grounding
8. purpose of groundings CO1

9. Good grounding practices CO1

10. Good grounding practices CO1

11. Problems due to poor grounding CO1

12. RMS Voltage variations in power system CO2

13. Voltage regulation per unit system, complex power CO2

14. Principle of voltage regulation CO2

15. Basic power flow and voltage drop CO2

16. Various devices used for voltage regulation CO2

17. Impact of reactive power management CO2

18. Various causes of voltage flicker and their effects CO2

19. Short term and long term flickers CO2

Definitions of voltage sag and interruptions, Voltage sags versus CO3

20.
interruptions
21. Economic impact of voltage sag CO3

22. Major causes and consequences of voltage sags CO3

23. Voltage sag characteristics CO3

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 VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Lecture # Topics to be covered COs
24. Voltage sag assessment CO3

25. Influence of fault location and fault level on voltage sag CO3

26. Areas of vulnerability CO3

27. Assessment of Equipment sensitivity to voltage sags and analysis CO3

28. Voltage sag indices CO3

29. Mitigation measures for voltage sags such as UPS, DVR CO3

30. Mitigation measures for voltage sags such as SMEs, CVT etc CO3

31. Definition of harmonics, inter-harmonics, sub-harmonics CO4

32. Causes and effect of harmonics CO4

33. Causes and effect of harmonics CO4

34. Voltage versus current distortion CO4

35. Harmonic indices and analysis. CO4

Need of power quality monitoring and approaches followed in CO5

36.
power quality monitoring
37. Power quality monitoring objectives and requirements CO5

38. Power quality monitoring objectives and requirements CO5

39. Initial site survey CO5

40. Power quality instrumentation CO5

41. Power quality instrumentation CO5

42. Selection of power quality monitors CO5

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 VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Question Bank

S. No. A] Introduction To Power Quality(1-10) COs BLs

Identify the most common power quality Problems? Why has power CO1 III
1.
quality only become an issue in recent years?
Outline the types of Power quality solutions available on the market CO1 II
2.
today?
3. Distinguish between power quality, voltage quality and current quality? CO1 IV

Define power quality? Explain the reasons for increased concern in CO1 I
4.
power quality
Explain the various types of power quality disturbances and impacts CO1 II
5.
of power quality
Explain for the following related with Power quality. CO1 II
(i)Voltage imbalance
6. (ii) Under voltage
(iii)Over voltage
(iv)Frequency variation
7. Define waveform distortion? Explain the waveform distortion categories CO1 I

Explain the following event based disturbances: CO1 II

8.
(i)Dip (ii)Swell (iii)Transients
9. Explain good grounding practices? CO1 II

B] Transient Over Voltages (11-20)

Identify the need of transmission line arresters? Mention any two CO2 III
10. benefits of transmission line surge arresters?

11. What is the need of low pass filter in transient protection? CO2 I

12. Explain lightning Phenomena? CO2 II

What are transient over voltages? Explain the different types of transient CO2 II
13.
over voltages
14. Explain the problems associated with Ferro resonance. CO2 II

15. Outline the important concerns for capacitor bank switching? CO2 II

16. Explain in detail the mechanism of lightning. CO2 II

17. Explain the following: CO2 II

(i)Low pass filters.
(ii)Power conditioners.

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 VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(iii)Surge filters.
Make use of the standardized waveform of the lightning induced CO2 III
18.
voltage, discuss about the wave shape of the lightning current.
C]Voltage sag and interruptions (21-30)
19. When sag leads interruption? What are the causes of sag? CO3 I

20. Identify the parameters depend upon voltage sag? CO3 III

CO3 II
21. Outline the sources of sags and interruption?

22. Explain in detail about the sag performance evaluation indices? CO3 II

Identify the need of estimating sag performance? Explain the different CO3 III
23.
methods of estimating voltage sag performance.
Explain the following causes of sags. CO3 II
(i)Voltage sag due to motor sag
24.
(ii)Voltage sag due to single line to ground fault.
(iii)Voltage sag due to transformer energizing.
What are the different voltage sag mitigation techniques? Explain in CO3 I
25.
details?
Explain the system adapted to estimate the severity of the sag occurred CO3 II
26. due to various sources.

27. Interpret about estimating the cost of voltage sag events. CO3 II

Explain the following sag mitigation techniques. CO3 II

(i)Static UPS with minimal energy storage
28. (ii)Backup storage energy supply
( iii)Flywheel with UPS system

D] Harmonics (31-40)
Define true power factor? What is the reason for existence of harmonic CO4 I
29.
distortion?
30. Compare linear loads and non-linear loads? CO4 IV

Explain briefly about fundamentals of harmonics generation and CO4 II

31. waveform
distortion.
Explain in detail about classification of linear loads and non linear loads CO4 II
32.
used in harmonic studies
Explain the concept of harmonic phenomena under the presence of CO4 II
33.
harmonic producing loads
34. Explain the following terms. CO4 II
(i)Harmonic distortion

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 VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
Autonomous institution, affiliated to JNTUH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(ii)Current distortion
(iii)Voltage distortion

35. Outline the two indices used in Power system? Explain about it briefly. CO4 II

36. Classify the harmonic sources and explain briefly about it. CO4 IV

Explain for the following: CO4 II

(i)Harmonic sources from commercial loads.
37.
(ii) Harmonic sources from industrial loads.
(iii) Harmonic sources from residential loads
E] Power Quality Monitoring (41-50)
38. Select the power quality monitoring sites. CO5 III
Identify the significance of Power quality monitoring. What are the CO5 III
39.
important power quality monitoring objectives?
40. Identify the important characteristics of power quality variations. CO5 III

Explain the steps involved in power quality monitoring. What are the CO5 II
41.
information from monitoring site surveys
42. Compare the harmonic analyzer and disturbance analyzer. CO5 IV

43. Explain the modern power quality monitors. CO5 II

Make use of block diagram, explain the advanced power quality CO5 III
44.
monitoring systems.
Make use of block diagram, explain the functional structure of expert CO5 III
45. systems.
Explain in detail about the instruments used for analyzing non sinusoidal CO5 II
46.
voltage and currents.

PROJECT BASED LEARNING

1. Develop a circuit for mitigation of voltage sag.

2. Develop a circuit for mitigation of voltage swell.
3. Develop a circuit for mitigation of voltage flicker.
4. Develop a circuit for mitigation of harmonics.

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