Waste Plastic with Bituminous Mix Using
As a Weathering Coate
B. Arunkumar*, V. Vijayakumar
PG Students, Department of Civil Engineering,
SVS College of Engineering,
Coimbatore.
Vijay21civil@gmail.com
Abstract— Bottles, containers and packing strips
etc...Is increasing day to day .As a result amount of waste plastic
also increases. This leads to various environmental problems.
Therefore it is necessary to utility waste effectively with technical
development in each field. Many by products are being produced
using the plastics, consisting of carry bags, cups & other utility
plastic can be used as a weathering coating used for building
construction
The mix polymer and tyro modifying bitumen have shown
resisting of cracking & shrinkage. Use of this mix for building
construction helps to use plastic waste effectively. Now a day’s
waste plastic is used as a bituminous road construction. This
technology is not a new concept but rather not practiced widely
Keywords— Bitumen, Plastic, flash and fire, softening point,
Penetration Value, Ductility.
I. INTRODUCTION
Plastic are users friendly but not eco-friendly as they
are non-bio-degradable. Today in India nearly more than 12
million tons of plastic are used. There visibility has been
perceived as a serious problem and plastic a target in the
management of solid waste. They also have a very long life
time &burning of plastics waste under uncontrolled conditions
could also lead to generation of many hazardous air pollutant
(HAPs) depending upon the type of polymers and additives
used
Polymer modified bitumen is emerging as one of the
important condition of weathering coating. The polymer
modified bitumen show better properties for building
construction & plastic waste can find its use in this process
and this can help solving problem of plastic in its molten state
has helped in finding out a method of safe disposal of plastic.
In many buildings serviceability can damage modified
bitumen can control the stress or resisting of the serviceability.
The use of water in hot bituminous mixes too enhance
weathering coating bitumen durability & environment
To reduce and re-use the plastics wastes in buildings
it is product water penetration in inside of slabs and increases
the life of slabs. Reduce the bitumen usage volume and
economy this project’s main think is reduce and reuse the
S. Balamurugan
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
SVS College of Engineering,
Coimbatore.
erbalamurugansakthivel@gmail.com
plastic wastes the plastic are non- react able materials for all
materials and plastic are user friendly materials this project is
economy and environmental maintain.
II. NEED FOR PLASTIC WEATHERING COATE
Exposure the plastic materials to UV radiation in the
presence of atmospheric oxygen initiates degradation through
a photo-oxidative process. This chemical process produces
changes in the polymer structure (e.g. breaking or cross
linking of the polymer chains, formation of new chemical
functional groups) that result in a loss of the materials useful
properties over time. For example, photo-oxidation can
produce undesired changes in appearance (e.g. discoloration,
changes in gloss or chalking), deterioration of mechanical
properties (e.g. tensile, flexural or impact properties) and/or
the formation of visible defects such as cracks.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
Guideline used for bitumen property given below
“P.C.VARGHESE” state the Bitumen is not affect by
light, water or air individually, but in composite they make
brittle, porous and susceptible to Oxidation forming blisters
and cracks.
“S.K.DUGGAL state general application of
bituminous materials, specification of bitumen, Far point,
Roofing, Damp proofing, Tanking of basement, Protection of
structure etc…
Prof. C.E.G. Justo States that addition of 8.0 % by weight of
processed plastic for the preparation of modified bitumen
results in a saving of 0.4 % bitumen by weight of the mix or
about 9.6 kg bitumen per cubic meter (m³) of BC mix.
Modified Bitumen improves the stability or strength, life and
other desirable properties of bituminous concrete mix.
Dr. R. Vasudevan states that the polymer bitumen blend is a
better binder compared to plain bitumen. Blend has increased
Softening point and decreased Penetration value with a
suitable ductility. When it used for road construction it can
withstand higher temperature and load. The coating of plastics
reduces the porosity, absorption of moisture and improves
soundness. The polymer coated aggregate bitumen mix forms
better material for flexible pavement construction as the mix
shows higher Marshall Stability value and suitable Marshall
Coefficient. Hence the use of waste plastics for flexible
pavement is one of the best methods for easy disposal of waste
plastics. Use of plastic bags in road help in many ways like
Easy disposal of waste, better road and prevention of pollution
and so on.
“V.S. Punith,” (2001), some encouraging results were reported
in this study that there is possibility to improve the
performance of bituminous mixes of road pavements. Waste
plastics (polythene carry bags, etc.) on heating soften at
around 130°C. Thermo gravimetric analysis has shown that
there is no gas evolution in the temperature range of 130-
180°C. Softened plastics have a binding property. Hence, it
can be used as a binder for road on structure.
“Sundaram and Rojasay”(2008) studied the Effective blending
technique for the use of plastic waste into bitumen for road
laying and Polymer-bitumen mixtures of different
compositions were prepared and used for carrying out various
tests.
“Verma S.S.”(2008). concluded that Plastics will increase the
melting point of the bitumen. This technology not only
strengthened the road construction but also increased the road
life.
“Dr. R.Vasudevan and S. Rajasekaran” (2007) stated that the
polymer bitumen blend is a better binder compared to plain
bitumen. Blend has increased Softening point and decreased
Penetration value with a suitable ductility.
“Mohd.Imtiyaz” (2002) concluded that the mix prepared with
modifiers shows:-Higher resistance to permanent deformation
at higher temperature.
“Er.Sabina” (2001) studied the comparative performance of
properties of bituminous mixes containing plastic/polymer
(PP) (8% and 15% by weight of bitumen) with conventional
bituminous concrete mix (prepared with 60/70 penetration
grade bitumen). Improvement in Properties like Marshall
Stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength and rutting
was observed in Plastic modified bituminous concrete mixes.
The laboratory studies conducted by CRRI in utilization of
waste plastic bags in bituminous concrete mixes have proved
that these enhance the properties of mix in addition to solving
disposal problems. The results indicated that there was an
improvement in strength properties when compared to a
conventional mix. Therefore, the life of pavement surfacing
using the waste plastic is expected to increase substantially in
comparison to the use of conventional bituminous mix.
“Ms. ApurvaChavan” (2013) says that using plastic waste
in mix will help reduction in need of bitumen by around 10%,
increase the strength and performance of road, avoid use of
anti-stripping agent, avoid disposal of plastic waste by
incineration and land filling and ultimately develop a
technology, which is eco friendly.
IV. MATERIALS
A. Bitumen
Bitumen is a common binder used in road construction. It
is principally obtained as a residual product in petroleum
refineries after higher fractions like gas, petrol, kerosene and
diesel, etc., are removed. Indian Standard Institution defines
Bitumen as a black or dark brown non-crystalline soil or
viscous material having adhesive properties derived from
petroleum crude either by natural or by refinery processes.
Properties of Bitumen as given below
1) Bitumen is colloidal in nature
2) They have no specific melting, boiling or
freezing point.
3) They are insoluble in water
4) They are highly impermeable to the passage
of water.
5) They are generally hydrophobic
6) They are chemically inert.
7) They oxidize slowly.
Determine by Penetration test which classify it into grades
whether it is 80/100, 100/120 or 60/70. The general with
penetration greater than 40 are mostly used in road
construction on occasionally in industrial applications.
B. Plastic
Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of
synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are
malleable and so can be molded into solid objects.
Plasticity is the general property of all materials which can
deform irreversibly without breaking but, in the class of
moldable polymers, this occurs to such a degree that their
actual name derives from this ability.
Properties of Plastic as given below
1) Water resistance
2) Dimensional resistance
3) Chemical resistance
4) Low ductility
5) Low electrical and thermal conductivity
6) High strength-to-weight ratio
7) Fire resistance
V. MATERIAL PREPARATION
A. Plastic Collection
Plastic is a very versatile material. Due to the
industrial revolution, and its large scale production plastic
seemed to be a cheaper and effective raw material. Today,
every vital sector of the economy starting from agriculture to
packaging, automobile, electronics, electrical, building
construction, communication sectors has been virtually
revolutionized by the applications of plastics.
The Plastics were collected from houses, dumping
area, roads, Industries, Waste collectors & restaurants.
Figure No.1. Road Side Plastic Waste Dumping
B. Melting
The collectable Plastic is melted up to which it’s melting
temperature. That plastic is having a liquid stage/semi solid
stage.
Then the bitumen’s are melted up to when it has liquid
stage. Those materials are having liquid stage. Those liquid
stage materials are mixed with its volume batching.
Figure No.2. Melting Processes
C. Mixing
The mixing processes are having tow type that is fallow that
a) Volume Batching
b) Weight Batching
We used in volume batching for this project this is the one
type of batching. It is easy to mixing in field. The weight
batching is one of the difficult batching in field work.
The liquid stage bitumen and waste plastic materials are
mixed to its volume batching by 0%, 25%, 50% of plastic in
bitumen. Then mixable materials are involved to it basic testes
and compare the values.
VI. TESTING
A. Flash and Fire Point Test
All part of the cup are cleaned and dried thoroughly before
the test is started. The material is filled in the cup up to a
mark. The lid is placed to close the cup in a closed system. All
accessories including thermometer of the specimen range are
suitably fixed.
The bitumen sample is then heated. The flame is lit and
adjusted in such a way that the size of a 4mm diameter. The
heating of sample is done at a rate of 5 degree to 6 degree
calicoes per minute. During heating the sample the stirring is
done at a rate of approximately 60 revolutions pre minutes.
The test flame is applied at intervals depending upon the
expected flash and fire points and corresponding temperature
at which the material shows the sign of flash and fire are
noted.
B. Softening Point
Heat the material to a temperature between 75-100 degree
calicoes its softening point, stir until, it is completely fluid and
free from air bubbles and water. If necessary filter it through
IS sieve 30. Place the rings, previously heated to a temperature
approximating to that of the molten material. On a metal plate
which has been coated with a mixture of equal part of glycerin
and dextrin. After cooling for 30 minutes in air, level the
material in the ring by removing the excess with a warmed,
sharp knife.
Assemble the apparatus with the rings, thermometer and
ball guides in position. Fill the bath with distilled water to a
height of 50mm above the upper surface of the rings the
starting temperature should be 5 degree calicoes
Apply heat to the bath and stir the liquid so that the
temperature rises at a uniform rate of 5+-05 degree calicoes
per minute. Not down the temperature when any of the steel
balls with bituminous coating touches the bottom plate.
C. Penetration Value Of Bitumen
Soften the material to a pouring consistency at a
temperature not more than 60degree calicoes for tars and 90
degree calicoes for bitumen above the approximate softening
point and stir it thoroughly unit it is homogenous and is free
from air bubbles and water. Pour the melt into the container to
a depth at least 10mm in excess of the expected penetration.
Protect the sample from dust and allow it to cool in an
atmosphere at a temperature between 15 to 30 degree calicoes
for one hour. Then place it along with the transfer dish in the
water bath at 25.0+-0.1degree calicoes and allow it to remain
for 1 to 1 1/5 hour. The test is carried out at 25.0+-0.1degree
calicoes, unless otherwise stated.
Fill the transfer dish water from the water bath sufficient to
cover the container completely. Place the sample in it and put
it upon the stand of the penetration apparatus. Clean the needle
with benzene, dry it and load with weight. The total moving
load required is 100+-0.25 gms, including the weight of the
needle, carrier and super-imposed weights.
 Adjust the needle to make contact with the surface of the
sample. This may be done by placing the needle point with its
image reflected by the surface of the bituminous material.
Make the pointer of the dial to read or note the initial dial
reading. Release the needle for exactly five seconds. Adjust
the penetration machine to measure the distance penetrated.
Make at least 3 reading at points on the surface of the
sample and transfer dish to water bath and wash the needle
clean with benzene and dry it. In case of material of
penetration greater than 25 three determinations on each of the
two identical tests specimens using a separate needle for each
determination should be made leaving the needle in the sample
on completion of each determination to avoid disturbance o
the specimen.
D. Determination of Ductility of the Bitumen
1. Melt the bituminous test material completely at a
temperature of 75oC to 100oC above the approximate
softening point until it becomes thoroughly fluid
2. Strain the fluid through IS sieve 30.
3. After stirring the fluid, pour it in the mould
assembly and place it on a brass plate
4. In order to prevent the material under test from
sticking, coat the surface of the plate and interior surface of
the sides of the mould with mercury or by a mixture of equal
parts of glycerin and dextrin
5. After about 30 – 40 minutes, keep the plate
assembly along with the sample in water bath. Maintain the
temperature of the water bath at 27oC for half an hour.
6. Remove the sample and mould assembly from the
water bath and trim the specimen by leveling the surface using
a hot knife.
7. Replace the mould assembly in water bath
maintained at 27oC for 80 to 90 minutes
8. Remove the sides of the moulds
9. Hook the clips carefully on the machine without
causing any initial strain
10. Adjust the pointer to read zero
11. Start the machine and pull two clips horizontally
at a speed of 50mm per minute
12. Note the distance at which the bitumen thread of
specimen breaks.
13. Record the observations in the Performa and
compute the ductility value report the mean of two
observations, rounded to nearest whole number as the
“Ductility Value”.

Tests Sample-1 Sample-2 Sample- 3

(100 % (75 % (50%
Bitumen) Bitumen) Bitumen)
Penetration 65 mm 30/40 mm NIL
Ductility 400 mm 100 mm NIL
Softening 41.1˚c 82˚c NIL
Flash & Fire 170/175˚c 320/326˚c 240/245˚c