PRACTICAL PHYSICS) EXPERIMENT NO. = i —@i6._PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF FORCES (CONCURRENT FORCES) }@3— Aim: Toverify (i) the parallelogram law of forces and (Gi) the triangle law of forces. Apparatus : Drawing board with two fixed pulleys at its top, twine string, three sets of weight hangers with weights, protractor and set-squares. Theory : (@) The parallelogram law of forces : “[£ two forces acting at a point be represented both in magnitude and direction by the adjacent sides of parallelogram drawn from that point, then their resultant is represented both in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram drawn from that point.” If the three coplanar concurrent forces P, Qand R acting ata point keep it in equilbrium, then according to the parallelogram law of forces, itean be shown that the resultant of any two of the three forces is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the third one. (i) The'triangle law of forces : “If a point is in equilbrium under the action of three coplanar concurrent forces, then they can be represented in magnitude and direction by the sides of a triangle taken in order. IfaP, QandR represent three forces acting on a point ‘O’ and p, q, and r indicate the lengths of sides of a triangle formed by drawing parallel lines to the three forces P, Qand R, then according to the triangle law of forces. OER pat Description : Take three strings and make a common knot at ‘O", Pass the ends of two strings over two frictionless pulleys A andB which are positioned apart atthe top of the drawing board fixed vertically. Suspend the weighthangers _p P and Q from the end of the two strings. Suspend another weight hanger R from the end of the third string and adjust the value of R until the point ‘O° isin equilibrium. PRACTICAL SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Re __________yyr,Procedure : F Net if forces * () Toprove the parallelogram Inw 0! ee ‘Attach a sheet of white me eight tothe point ‘O’ keeping he e not and the ae Pe ae ‘Trace carefully the position of the is form 5 aped diagram, is obtained. Bl Qand R by OA, OB and ODona OA and OB as adjacent sides, it the construct the parallelogram OACB as shown infigure. Draw i diagonal OC from O to C and measure its length. Now > ‘ represents the resultant of the forces PandQ. The resultant (OC) and equilibriant (OD) are equ: drawing board. Focus an g that a clear shadow of the3 5 three strings with a pencil, Now ins on the with the help P oth Jamp at the sal : 6 Y Represent the forces P convenient scale from ‘O" with al in magnitude and opposite in direction. So, if R, is equal to the force represented by the R : diagonal OC and ZCOD = 180° the parallelogram law of forces . is verified. Repeat the experiment 3 and 4 times with different values Zz of P, Qand R and tabulate the readings. ‘Triangle law of forces : Obtain the Y shaped diagrams as explained earlier. Draw X parallel lines to the traced line OX, OY and OZ to enclose a triangle as shown in figure. Indicate the direction of the forces on the sides of the triangle by arrow marks. Measure the sides of the triangle ABC. Let p, q, r are the length of the sides parallel to the directions of forces P, Q, R respectively, The experiment is repeated with different values of P, Q, and Rand the readings are tabulated. Q_R qh te It is observed that z P Weight of the stone : (using parallelogram law of forces) Fig. (c) The weight hanger R is replaced by i i ¢ (@) According to parallelogram law of forces w. : The experiment is repeated with the box (b) Whenitis immersed in water. Weight of the stone in water W, 24 - eight of the stone in air W 1 : =di 1 dly immersed in water and the p Siegen OC eae arallelogram is constructed: = diagonal OC x scale. PRACTInar a=