SIMPLE PENDULUM 385 Aim: ace and to determine the percentase e707 inthe ‘To determine the acceleration due to gravity ‘g' ata pl value of * Apparatus = Simple pendulum, stop clock, m eter scale, vernier caliperse and a pointer- Theory: : “The distance between the point of suspension °s pendulum L. When the pendulum is pulle “mgSin 0”. The time taken for one oseillation is called th ~ and the centre of gravity of the bob‘o" is called the i to a side and released it begins to oscillate duet time period T. Lo T* force acceleration due to gravity (g) is caleualted, by using the formula: simple pendulum is aheavy point mass suspended by @ massless. inextensible and torsionle “lise it, Aheavy bob suspended by a light inextensible string ‘Burin practice itis not possible to re le pendulum. One end ofthe stingis tied to the sphere and the otherend passes between t ms ofa splitcork held firmly by aclamp of the retort stand. The boom of the split cork acts as po Vriuh this arrangement the }- gis between § and the centre of gravity of the bob can cing the length of the pendulum. Fig. (a) Fig. 6) sooo SH Pavan! s+ [PRACTICAL SERIES for Sti Chaitanya i+ee ea Procedttre: (i) Todeterm he diameter of| the bob ‘ ity: ; i tion due (0 gravil ; . . : ine the accelerati 4or 5 times in different direotions with vernier caliperse and calou Measure th d bob= average diameter ‘a’. I e radius of the lia sq. Then the radius the average diameter “d. roodten block beneath the bob such that it just to ches the bottom of the bob, me; : ga wooden bloc! a 1 the point of suspension $ toth the length of the pendulum ‘Lis kept at a desired value, Keepin: “ag” with the meter scale from ing “a”, 50cm. Draw the bob toa side through a small distance and thers Jease. It begins to oscillate ab n position O in the vertical plane, keep a pointer at O to note the release. It beg ; ? ; numberof complete oscillations. Start the stop clock while the bob is passing O towards left (or right), The bob completes one oscillation if it passes ‘O" in the same direction for the second time. Note the time “ty for 30 oscillations Similarly note the time “,' for 20 oscillations forthe second time. The average time ‘jg c bottom of the bob. The Length of, he: distance " pendulum L= (a=) em By aust Adjust the length of the pendulum fo out its mea t calcualted. Then the time period T => Repeat the experiment for different lengths 60 cm, 70cm, 80cm, 90cm and 100cm and tabulate the readings. The time period is calculated in each case. The values of L/T? are calculated in each case. The L average value of “is calculated, Using the formula g=4n”.1/. .‘g’ is calculated. z 128 (i) To determine the percentage error : [Note :- Take the standard value of “g” as 980 cm/s"]. 4 Percentage error = 2g 100 Where Ag is the difference in the standard value and the experimental value of ‘g’, is called absolute error. Gi) LT? graph : A graph is drawn between L on the X-axis and T? on the Y-axis. The graph is a straight line passing through the origin. L ‘gi : id igh the origin. From graph, the value of Wa and hence ‘g’ is calculated, using the formula g= 4%" As the period of seconds pendulum is 2 second, the corresponding length for 4 is obtained from graph. This length gives the lengh of seconds pendulum. Fig.(c) ! Sx{PRACTICAL SERIES for Sti Chaitanya]