413. PHYSICAL BALANCE [is To determine the mass of a body correct to a milligram using a physical balance, Apparatus : Physical Balance, weight box and a body whose mass is to be determined, i Theory : a Aim: The algebraic sum of the moments about a point is zero, So load x load arm = weight x Weigh ary | Description : ‘physical balance consists of a metal beam B with a central knife edge and i rests on the hor flat tohots bras rodhpassing through a vertical hallow brass pillar P. At t he two ends of the beam B, tay knife edges K,, K, are provided and from them two scale pans P)\and P, of equal masses are hung down, ‘The Bottom ofthe brass pillar P rests on the crank of the handle H. By working the handle the rodza the beam rests on two projections xtion of pillar P and the pans rest on the wooden base under the ens den base and an ivory scale lis attached atthe bottom ofthe pil: Along pointer screwed on tothe midale of the beam and the lower end of the pointer swings overhear scale. Ki LJ L Ky a a h ila. ‘The wooden base is provided levelling screWys A,, A) and plumbline'e attache the a ‘Nuts N,N, are provided at the end {the beam. The balance is encloSed in a wodden case provi ; lass doors, LenS $10 15 Iwory Scale Fig. (b) 16%[PRACTICAL PHYSICS} Resting point : _ Resting point of balance isthe division on the sale against which the pointer comes 0 rest after the escillations ofthe released beam die down, Butitisa long process. So esting point is estimated by noting five consecutive turning points, three onthe lft side (staring side) and twoon the right side. Then calculate the average ofthe turning points on the lft side and right side. ‘The mean of these average turning points gives the resting point. Procedure : @ To determine the zero resting point : just the levelling serews A, and A, such thatthe base of the balance is horizontal. The nuts N, and N, are adjusted so that when the beam is released, the pointer oscillates equally onthe scale from the central division (10), when the pans are empty. Keeping the pans P, and P, empty, release the beam and take five consecutive turning points starting from left as L,, , Ly, Rand L,, Take the average ofthe left rurning ag [Lecter ls RR ee points | L=—"— |, right tuming points R=" Jand the average of the average turning points 2 L+R (re mao ) which gives the zero resting point (Z.R.P). It must be nearly10. (i) To determine the resting points and mass : Place the body in the left pan and sufficient weights are added tothe right pan until the pointer swings symmetrically on either sides of Z.R.P. Then the resting point (R.P—1) is determined repeating the above process. If RP. -1 is less than Z.R.P. remove 10 m gm from the right pan and note the resting point. If RP.-1 is higher than Z.R.P. add 10m gm to the right pan and note the resting point. Continue eddition or removal of weights in steps of 10m gm until the two resting points one is lower (LRP) and the other is higher (HRP) resting points than the Z.R.P. are obtained. The readings are tabulated and then the mass of relation. the given body correct toa milligram is determined using the follow [HRP-ZRP| Mass of the] _ (masscorresponding = \HRP-LRP| body W toHRP )s00 (or) mass of “| : (ms | LAY { ZRP-LRP]| body W toLRP “ |HRP-LRP} Where H.R Pis high resting point than Z.R.P. and L.R.P. is low resting point than Z.R.P Precautions : 1. Before weighing the body base must be levelled to be horizontal using the levelling screws. Initially if the pointer does not swing symmetrically adjust the nuts N, and N, « ‘The beam is arrested or released gently without any jerk. Do not weigh the body when it is too hot. Place the body to be weighed in the left pan and the weights in the right pan. ‘Arrest the beam before each addition or removal of the weights. PRACTICAL SERIES for Sri Chaitanya} “a7 awaenee