1 A student uses a microscope to look at some cells from an organ found in a plant.

The diagram shows what the student observes through the microscope. One
cell has been labelled X.

• Name the organ that the student observes.

• Vacoule

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• What is meant by the term organ?

An organ is a part of your body that performs a specific function: like your
brain, lungs, or skin.
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(1)

2 The diagram shows a section through a rat. Some of the rat’s organs
have been labelled.

brain spinal cord

stomach

liver kidney

ureter

l
a
r
g
 e

i
n
t
e
s
t
i
n
e

trachea

heart oesophagus

lung
pancreas

small

anus bladder

i
n
t
e
s
t
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n
e

• (i) What is meant by the term organ?

An organ is a part of your body that performs a specific function: like your
brain, lungs, or skin.

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• Name the organ labelled in the diagram that is part of the circulation system.

(1)Lung

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• Name three other systems shown in the diagram.

(3)

1 respiratory

2digestive

3excretory
• Name a system that is not shown in the diagram.
(1)
Nervous
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• The table lists several processes that take place in the organs of a rat.
Complete the table by naming the correct organ for each process.
(5)

Process Organ
Kidny
ultrafiltration
 Lung
ventilation

pancreas
insulin secretion

stomach
hydrochloric acid secretion

Liver
bile production

3 (a) The table shows some of the levels of organisation within an organism.

Complete the table by inserting a tick () to show the level of

organisation of each example. The first one has been done for you.
(4)

Level of organisation

Example Organelle Organ System

nucleus 
ü
circulation
ü
chloroplast
ü
leaf
ü
bulb

(b) Place the following human structures in order of size from the
smallest to the largest.
liver red blood cell eye white blood cell kidney

(2)
 Order Structure
WBC
smallest
RBC
largest
eye

Kidney

Liver

4 The diagram shows one side of an organ donor card.

• The table lists different human illnesses.

Complete the table by giving the donated organ named on the card
needed to cure each illness. The first one has been done for you.
(5)

Illness Organ needed to cure illness

uremia kidney

Lungs
emphysema

Heart
coronary failure

Pancreas
diabetes

Liver
hepatitis

Corneas
poor vision

5 The diagram shows a cross section through a leaf.

layer A 
 ⎨
layer B ⎨

layer C

structure D

• Each part of the leaf is adapted for a specific function.

Name each part of the leaf and explain how it helps the leaf in photosynthesis.
• Layer A

(2)

Upper epidermis:this is a single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts. The cells are
quite transparent and permit most of the light that strikes them to pass through to the underlying
cells. The upper surface is covered with a waxy, waterproof cuticle, which serves to reduce water
loss from the leaf.The cuticle and upper epidermis provide protection for the plant. Below that is
the palisade layer, which is the location of photosynthesis within the leaf. Below the palisade
layer is the spongy layer, which contains cells that are more spread out, allowing for air pockets.
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• Layer B

(3)

Palaside Mesophyll:Palisade cells are found in the mesophyll of a leaf and their main function is
the absorption of light so that photosynthesis can take place. The palisade mesophyll consists of
chloroplasts with chlorophyll that absorb the light energy. The mesophyll layer is made up of the
palisade cell and spongy parts.
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• Layer C

(3)

The spongy mesophyll's function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO2) that are needed
for photosynthesis.
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• Structure D

(2)

Stomata:The two main functions of stomata are to allow for the uptake of carbon dioxide and to
limit the loss of water due to evaporation. In many plants, stomata remain open during the day
and closed at night. Stomata are open during the day because this is when photosynthesis
typically occurs.

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• Water lilies float on the surface of ponds. Structure D is found on the

upper surface of a water lily rather than the lower surface.
Suggest a reason for this adaptation.
(2)
Stomata on the upper surface helps in exchange of gases between them and the atmosphere
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• A student examined the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf from a

land plant using a microscope.
This is her diagram of the lower surface.

• How many stomata are shown in the diagram?

(1)

20
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• Suggest how the upper surface of the land plant would differ from this diagram.
(1)
It wouldn't have the stomatas which are the little circles in the diagram.
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