Circulatory system – Chapter 9

• Read pages 107-123 and answer the following questions

• Describe the human circulatory system using the words blood vessels, pump and valves
The circulatory sistem is the system which moves the blood throughout all the body.It is made
up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and towards the heart.The heart pupms blood
away from the heart throughout arteries and carry blood back by veins.The heart conteins
valves inside of it that prevent the backward flow of blood.
• What is oxygenated blood and where does blood become oxygenated?
Is when th blood exchanged the Co2 and replace it with oxygen in the lungs
• Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?
The left side of the heart is the one who contains the oxygenated blood
• Explain the differences between a single and a double circulatory system. Give an
example of an animal containing each one.
A circulatory system in which blood travels only once through the heart in one complete cycle of
the body is called single circulation While in a circulatory system in which blood travels twice
through the heart in one complete cycle of the body is called double circulation. it occurs in
mammals and in the single occurs in fish
• Which parts of the heart receive blood from
• The lungs?
The left atrium and right venticle
• The body?
The left ventricle and right atrium
• Where are the one-way valves found in the heart? Name them and state what structures
they separate
Vena cava:Takes the desoxiganated blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulonary Artery:Takes the desoxiganated blood from the heart to the lungs
Aorta:Takes the oxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary veins:Takes the oxygenated blood away from the lungs to the heart
• What structure separates oxygenated from deoxygenated blood inside the heart?
The sptum deivides it the heart into right atrium and ventricle and left atrium and ventricle
• Which part of the heart pumps blood to
 • The pulmonary artery
Right Ventricle
• The aorta
Left Ventricle
• Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?
This is because blood is pumped out of the heart at greater pressure from these chambers
compared to the atria
• Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right one?
This is due to the higher forces needed to pump blood through the body compared to the
pulmonary circuit.
• Explain why your heart rate is the same as your pulse rate
A heart rate is the number of times your heart beats in the span of a minute. A pulse rate is the
number of times your arteries create a noticeable “pulse” due to increase in blood pressure as a
result of your heart contracting. Therefore,the pulse rate is essentially your heart rate.
• Why does your heart need to beat faster when you do exercise? Explain.
Because your muscles need a lot more of oxygen so the heart needs to beat faster to produce
more oxygenated blood
• Where and what is the pacemaker? what is its function?
There are Electrical impulses from the heart muscle that cause our hearts to beat (contract).
• Explain and describe the function of the atrioventricular valve during ventricular systole.
Because of the sharp deacrese of pressure during the ventricular systole it allows the
atrioventricular valves to open and causes the contents of the atria to empty into the ventricles.
• Which type of blood vessels carry blood
• away from the heart?
Arteries
• towards the heart?
Veins
• Why do arteries need strong and elastic walls?
Because they have high blood pressure, so they have thick elastic and strong walls to withstand
the high pressures.
 • What is the function of capillaries?
They bring nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products
• Why do veins have a large lumen?
As veins withstand a much lower pressure from the blood that flows through them.
• How is blood kept moving in the large veins of the legs?
The answer is the muscles of your body working with the one-way valves. As the muscles of
your body contract and relax to move our limbs they also squeeze our veins. Whenever veins
are squeezed the blood in them moves. Because of the one-way valves, the blood can only keep
moving toward the heart.
• What is unusual about the blood supply to the liver?
That it also recives desoxygenated blood
• List 5 substances that are transported in blood plasma
Transporting dissolved carbon dioxide, digested food molecules, urea,hormones and also
distributing heat
• What is the function of red blood cells?
their job is to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body
• What are platelets? what is their function?
Platelets are tiny blood cells that help our body form clots to stop bleeding. If one of your blood
vessels gets damaged, it sends out signals to the platelets. The platelets then rush to the site of
damage. they form a plug to fix the damage.
• How is urea transported?
It is transported by a urea transporter which is a membrane transport protein
• Outline 2 functions of blood other than transport
removing waste materials, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid.And protecting the body
from infection and foreign bodies through the white blood cells
• What is tissue fluid? Mention 2 functions
Fluid found in the spaces around cells. It comes from substances that leak out of blood
capillaries .It helps bring oxygen and nutrients to cells and to remove waste products from
them. As new tissue fluid is made, it replaces older fluid, which drains towards lymph vessels.
• What is lymph?
Lymph is the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system
 • What happens inside lymph nodes?
Lymph nodes are small structures that work as filters for harmful substances. They contain
immune cells that can help fight infection by attacking and destroying germs that are carried in
through the lymph fluid.