APP 3 - PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 (QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH)

Week No. 3 Date: ____________

Learning Competency & Code: Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses(CS_RS12-Ia-
c-3)

Name: ____________________________________ Section: ________________

Address: __________________________________ Contact No.: ________________

I -Content
Topic: Nature of Inquiry and Research

A variable is a characteristic of an individual or organization that can be observed and measure, and
it can vary among people or organizations being studied (Creswell, 2002). It comes from the root
word “vary” or simply “can change”.

Bernard (1994) defines variables as something that can take more than one value, and values can
be words or numbers. The most common variables in social research are age, biological sex,
gender, education, income, marital status, and education.

Other experts define a variable as any entity that can take on different values. Anything that can
vary can be considered a variable. An attribute, on the other hand, is a specific value on a variable.
Example: the variable biological sex has two attributes: male and female; the variable income has
an attribute of 5,000 per month, 10,000 per month, 15,000 per month, and so on. Variables should
have at least 2 attributes otherwise it is constant.

Types of Variables
1. Nominal variable. Represents categories that cannot be ordered in any particular way.
Examples: Biological Sex (Male/Female), Blood Type, Religion

2. Ordinal variable. Represents categories that can be ordered from greatest to smallest.
Examples: grade level, rank, socio-economic status

3. Interval variable. Have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers. Examples:
pH level, body temperature

4. Ratio variable. Have variables that lie along the evenly dispersed range of numbers when there
is an absolute zero. It possesses the properties of the interval variable and has a clear definition of
zero. Examples: weight, length, distance

Kinds of Variables
1. Independent variable. Those that probably cause, influence, or affect outcomes. They are also
called treatment, manipulated, antecedent, or predictor variables. Example: A study on the
relationship of parental support and academic performance of Senior High School learners in
Tangub City National High School. Parental support is the independent variable because it
influenced academic performance of the Senior High School learners.

2. Dependent variable. Those that depend on the independent variables; they are the outcomes or
results on the influence of the independent variable. Example: A teacher is studying the effect of
cooperative learning activities toward the academic achievement in science. The academic
achievement in science is the dependent variable because it is the outcome on the influence of
the independent variable.
APP 3 - PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 (QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH)
Activity Sheet No. 3 Date: ____________
Learning Competency & Code: Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses(CS_RS12-Ia-
c-3
Name: ____________________________________ Section: ________________
Address: __________________________________ Contact No.: ____________________
Activity 1
On the space before each number, write I if the variable is interval, N if Nominal, R if Ratio and O of
Ordinal.
1. Military title
2. Temperature in degree Celsius
3. Birthplace
4. SIM card number
5. Household electric consumption

Activity 2
Identify the dependent and independent variables in the following.

1. Improving Reading Performance through Peer Tutoring among Grade 12 learners of Mayor
Alfonso Tan High School
Independent:

Dependent:

2. Increasing Mathematics Achievement of Grade 11 learners with the use of Contextualized

Learning Materials
Independent:

Dependent:

3. Impact of Blended Learning on Student Achievement in Social Studies

Independent:

Dependent:

4. Improving Computation Skills in Mathematics Using Drill among Grade 11 Learners

Independent:

Dependent:

5. Educational and Behavioral Impact of Parental Absences to the Child Left Behind
Independent:

Dependent:

Teachers Name & Contact No.:
DR. ADELYN T. APILAN - 09106473988
_______________________________
Parent’s Name & Signature
Date Submitted: __________________
Received by: ____________________
Printed Name & Signature Teacher