Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 022A

Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

Laboratory Activity No. 2

Laboratory Activity No. 2

Applications of System of Linear Equations

Name: Section:
Date Performed: Date Submitted:
Instructor:
1. Objective(s):

1.1 To solve homogenous system of linear equation.

1.2 To setup and solve a system of equations to fit a polynomial function and set a data points as well
as to represent a network.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:

2.1 Demonstrate scientific thinking and the ability to approach scientific resources intelligently.
2.2 Utilize MATLAB software in solving linear algebra problems related to their fields of
specialization.
2.3 Infer appropriate conclusions based upon the results of activity.
2.4 Reflect on personal transformation along the TIP graduate attributes, specifically, professional
competence and critical thinking skills.

3. Discussion:

Systems of linear equations are set of equations that deal with all together at once. This is arising in a
wide variety of applications and one of the central themes in linear algebra. The polynomial curve fitting,
networks and Kirchhoff’s laws of electricity are examples of application of systems of linear equations.

A polynomial curve fitting is a procedure where represented by n points in the xy-plane,

(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(xn,yn) a collection of data of polynomial function of degree n – 1 where p(x) = a0 + a1x
+ a2x +…+ an-1xn-1 whose graph passes through the specified points.
Networks composed of branches and junctions are used as models in many diverse fields such as
economics, traffic analysis and electrical engineering. In such models, it is assumed that the total flow
into the junction is equal to the total flow out of the junction and this is represented by a linear equation.
When analyzing an electric circuit, one simple technique uses the idea of Kirchhoff’s voltage law.
Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around any closed path in a circuit
is identically zero for all time. Using Ohm’s law, each equation can be written in the form RI = V (similar
to Ax = b). Putting these equations into matrices each current can be solve by using the matrix equation
RI = V. By solving the augmented matrix (reducing the matrix to reduce echelon form), values of I1, I2,
and I3 can be determined. The matrix equation can be very useful when large circuits with many loops
are to be analyzed.
Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 022A
Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

4. Procedure:

Activity 1. Polynomial curve fitting

The net profits (in millions of Pesos) for instant powdered milk drink from 2010 to 2017 are shown in the
table.

Year (x) Net Profit, P(x)

2010 9421
2011 10003
2012 10384
2013 10526
2014 10930
2015 11215
2016 12599
2017 14410

a. Set up system of equations to fit the data for the years 2010 to 2017 in n – 1 model.
b. Solve the system.

Procedure:
1.) Identify all the given information from the problem.

2.) Setup system of equations to fit the data for the specified years to a n – 1 model,

let z = (x – 2013),
P(z) = a0 + a1z + a2z2 + a3z3 + a4z4 + a5z5 + a6z6 + a7z7

3.) Using MATLAB find the approximate solution of the system.

a. Find all the systems of linear equations involved
b. Write the system in matrix form to find the unknown coefficients.
c. Using MATLAB input the augmented matrix, name the matrix as A.
d. Find the reduced row echelon form of the matrix using the command “rats(rref(A))”.
e. The last column of the reduced row echelon form will be the values of a0, a1, a2 to a7.
Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 022A
Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

4.) Write the polynomial function model. ( coefficients are in fraction )

z = (x – 2013),

P(z) = a0 + a1z + a2z2 + a3z3 + a4z4 + a5z5 + a6z6 + a7z7

P(z) = _____ + _____z + _____z2 + _____z3 + _____z4 + _____z5 + _____z6 + _____z7

5.) Predict the value of net profit in the following years.

substitute x(year) in z = (x – 2013)

Year (x) Net Profit, P(x)

2020
2023
2030
2035
2038
2042
2045
2050

Is the polynomial function model a reasonable model in predicting future net profits? Explain.
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Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 022A
Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

Activity 2. Network Analysis

The flow of traffic (in vehicles per hour) through a network of street is shown in figure 1.

Fig. 1

Solve this system for xi, i= 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7

1. Find the linear equation in each junction.

Junction 1:_________________________________
Junction 2:_________________________________
Junction 3:_________________________________
Junction 4:_________________________________
Junction 5:_________________________________
Junction 6:_________________________________
2. Using MATLAB solve for the traffic flows x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6,and x7
a. Write the linear equations involve in each junction.
b. Write the linear system of equation in augmented matrix form.
c. Input the augmented matrix form in MATLAB and name as “A”.
d. Find the reduce row echelon form of the augmented matrix using the command “rref(A)”
then press enter.
e. To solve the values of x1 to x7 use Back-Substitution and use parameters (t, s, u)

Augmented Matrix
Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 022A
Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

Write the values( in parameters ) of x1 to x7 on the table below:

X Flow (vehicles per hour)

x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
x6
x7

3. Use the traffic flow when x6 = 410 and x7 = 125.

Solve for the flows on x1, x2, x3, x4, and x5.

X Flow (vehicles per hour)

x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
x6 410
x7 125

4. Find the traffic flow when x5 = 225 and x3 = 378.

Solve for the flows on x1, x2, x4, x6, and x7.

X Flow (vehicles per hour)

x1
x2
x3 378
x4
x5 225
x6
x7
Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila Course: MATH 022A
Math & Physics Department ONLINE LECTURE

5. Conclusion:

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