Ethics  communication between a professional and a subject that gives

 perceptions about ethics can change over time permission for a procedure to occur
o at first, it's okay but became shaky over time  signed contract
 associate ethics in Privacy
o what we feel  ethics dictate that it is a person's right to keep personal information out
 surroundings and feelings may have impact on what you of public view
believe or what is ethical or not Confidentiality
o what we believe  capacity to keep information restricted to only those who have
 religion, permission to view it
 behavior, o doctors but with certain limits
 atheists are not basically unethical Integrity
o what the law requires  adherence to ethical principles
 some laws can discriminate group of people,  honest behaviors
 in US black and white people Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
o certain standards in the society  aim to help and do no harm
 ethical is not the same as doing whatever society accepts  maximum benefits should be gained
 favoring someone Fidelity and responsibility
 abortion  establish trust and uphold ones responsibility
 bidding in medical technology  
 PSYCHOLOGY  
o principle of right and wrong behavior Health Ethics
 PHILOSOPHY (oxford)  interdisciplinary field encompassing a broad range of domains, definition
o study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and from WHO
existence especially when considered as an academic discipline o public health
 PHILOSOPHY (wiki) o health research
o study of general and fundamental questions about existence, o clinical care
knowledge, values, reason, mind and language Ethical Issues in Healthcare
o problems to be studied or resolved  issues are taboo
 ETHICS can also mean  can require an immediate response such as decision for patients that they
o moral philosophy are not able to do so
 morality means a more practical approach to ethics  can involve a prolong certain decision such as debate
 right and wrong actions o abortion
 adjectives like moral, ethical can be used synonymously o assisted suicide
Competence  action taken clearly distinguish between what is right and wrong
 for you to be a professional, you must resent this quality  actions taken today may have a lasting effect on healthcare in the future
 ability of an individual to perform one's duties well 1. Patient Privacy and Confidentiality
Informed Consent a. Protection of private patient information
 i. protected by Health Insurance Probability and o letting a patient die by withholding artificial life support such as
Accountability Act (HIPAA) ventilator
1. reference of Data Privacy Act  assisted dying or suicide
2. defines what information can be released and to o requested by patients
whom and for how long Euthanasia
ii. most important ethical and legal issues  Legal and Ethical
1. conversation of patient and doctor o Passive
iii. some email information might be deleted after some  withdrawal or withholding life sustaining medical
time for privacy interventions
2. Transmission of Diseases o Indirect
a. right of healthcare providers to protect themselves from  increasing narcotics to ease patient's pain
communicable diseases (covid), whether by direct or indirect  has the consequence of hastening patient's death
contact with an infected patient  Considered Unethical
i. patient's health history is not provided to the medical o Voluntary/Active
staff  end of life with patient's consent
3. Relationships  it is restricted by the law
a. sexual relationships are strictly forbidden o Involuntary
i. medical staff and patients  end of life with guardian's consent
ii. medical staff and another medical staff  
iii. sexual harassment  
4. End of Life Issues
TERM DEFINITION
a. special wishes if the patient is terminally ill
i. called as "living will" Voluntary Active Intentionally administering medications or other
5. Elderly Patients interventions,
a. incapacitated to make their own decision, they may leave a with the patient's informed consent.
"living will" that needed to be done
6. Aggressive Marketing Practices Involuntary Active Intentionally administering medications or other
a. focus on patient care not marketing schemes or profit interventions, when the patient was competent to
b. marketing campaign should be consent but did not
i. truthful  eg, the patient may not have been asked.
ii. sincere
Nonvoluntary Active Intentionally administering medications or other
iii. not misleading
interventions, when the patient was incompetent and
Living Will
was mentally incapable of consenting
 written document that allows a patient to give explicit instructions in
 eg, the patient might have been in a coma
advance about the medical treatment to be administered when he or she
terminally ill or no longer able to express informed consent Passive Withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining medical
 passive euthanasia treatments
 terminating life-sustaining treatments)
Indirect Administering narcotics or other medications to
relieve pain
that might cause incidental consequence of causing
sufficient respiratory depression

Physician assisted provides medications or other interventions to a

suicide patient with the understanding that the patient can
use them to commit suicide.

Act of Omission omission - you did indirectly but the patient die

Act of Commission commission - you did directly and the patient die
Health Ethics Committee
 Goal
o To establish a written code of ethics that details the policies and
procedures that determine proper conduct for all employees
 Doctors
 Therapists
 Nurses
 Other healthcare providers
o assist patients and their families
o works together to identify, understand, and resolve difficult
ethical decisions
ROLES OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
 seek to protect patient privacy in all settings
o minimize intrusion on privacy when the patient’s privacy must be
balanced against other factors
o inform the patient when there has been a significant
infringement on privacy of which the patient would otherwise not
be aware
o mindful that individual patients may have special concerns about
privacy in any or all of these areas.