LAB/FIELD WORK RELATED DEFINITIONS: 1. PACE - tha tenth at aba step. 2, PACING - cowiste of counting the meer of steps 34 STRIDE « two paces o © deble step. 4. PACE FACTOR - abe determined by dividing the ST Nome SOG! ty Semen mater of pos 5, PACED DISTANCE - the length of s course as deters by pasion 6 TAPING - the procs af messing the length of tine seal DECREPANCY = in any mensroment etre Sing tw Scepaney yO 9, OREAKING TAFE a procedure which involves the ‘eexmsit of sore tiara states only leg teva, o so ‘ound and accumulating thes ietence toatl fal ape lente [Ao OERCIE NO. 1 + PACING Lag exercise 1. Datermining Pace Factor. 1) Select a aregnt ad level coun and on both end LOENTARY SURVEYING IVES +s) To determing indivigial pace factor 5) To meeure stance by peclon ourLine ETRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES + Range Polen Ste! Tepe, Markers (ity pe, chai creer PROCEDURE + narre atleast 90 raters apart. Deaigte thaee ahd points a A 1) Walk over tha cours at naturel pace or gut tating with inert or to ‘over poi “A ‘ad count the rutmber of pacts to ech point 8 ©) For scooting trial, walk trom 8 to A, then A to 8 unl > Arial ae compiatag tthe munber ef peces recarded sceergly. ©. Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording In the succeeding lab exercis ‘you will encounter the SUI INO TERME listed and aot ove, Take note of each definition since all of these will help yo better understand’ the underly! THEORIES, PRINCIPLES a OPERATIONS. of Surveying. Tara | gommen | MEAN ae sma. | ume [oor | QUMBER, | necoe | PACE macro = races [pe rs 4 ze it a (00 6 3 S| os Py oan Wie Ae 2 a Ws 1) For the fiat traly walk over the cout ftom C to rata poce wd record he manbar ‘of paces Thny wabe from © to ‘Sia"Sou record the munber ot paces nt2) Repeat the stove proceaize ntl all five tals are (© Afr the fils date is recorded, rake on octal the Soune CD fo detarmina the taped datence- ©) Refer to the accompanying sume format for the of obmerved fil tae 7 100" | ycan] ce [tare] RELATIVE LINE) paces bist | DIST PRECISION. is a 154.5 S 12.95] | & 1% giaie|3|s conpuTanONS + 1. Computing Pace Factor (PF. |) Gat the sum of the number of paces for the five perferadn couse’ AB then corute the mea numb 2) Divide the known or taped lensth of course AB by the ruber of acon fr AB to termine te pace tala. 2 Computing Paced Distance (PO). 3) Gat the wun of the mimber of paces for te five ‘pertermed encase CD nd Compete the men’ uber ef ‘Multiply the imasn umber of pacet for CO by the factor to atten the paced ere. 3 Computing Relative Precision (RP). |) Datesmine the diffrence batwoan the taped datance of. sand the poced data of CO. 2) Divide the dittersacs by the. taped requce tha numerator to unty to ‘stermune the. relative Di. REMARICS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS + 4. The eds of the satgned courses snouls ba. marked with ‘ae, masking ping or by chalk man it"on peverente 2. Range Poles are sat or bald behind the end points ‘Guide oF marsareSurng actual pects) 3. steel tape should be ud in laying ct ot fn eeaecing the at lang of aurae etna’ for pacing ae eee distance. of CO vine. taping, two messuremente should be made for any line ant sian focoria be a ston ingth The length of single step is termed pace, It rey be meses Wet to heel or fa toe"to tose Also each’ tra bocce oF je sept culled 8 stride i 1 et ee facing consists of counting the rumber of stops in a requred finance onde test dara by walking wit mature spe, is for estimating distances vind for sketching and in Fecornatiarce To keep one an the line while pacing, It ta good practice to fie >| ‘yen sy'n tat ject on the fange Dann’ the pole te 2. A partial pace et De en of the line should be figured ut tothe 10. The aconpted precision for meaning difance by pacing well ie fem 1/200 1/50. 11. Reject meansremonte that vary trom the mean by more than {hee parconte 12. 1f the computed relative pectin of the set of measitaments estes :Av EXERCISE NO. 2 ELEMENTARY SURVEYING ‘TAPING OVER SMOOTH AND LEVEL GROUND To determing the horzental length of ine vee emeath tolovel ground with the tape naported trouout Ike ‘erg LA® EXERCISE OUTLINE SIRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES + 30-n or 100-1 Stal Tape, Chale Pins Range Palas, Pege or Fabby Chalk oF Making Creyeny ord Using by mark bot ence of the line (150 to 300 Jong) to be Iiesured. Picea rnge’ poe. behind cach poland cio extabliok Iitermecate ‘pone slong the. ie to. erute orabtrcted sight inn. Ii tne paint tobe marted ie on 4. pavement, ine chk OF mating {revere Designate eee pnts sn'A'snd'8 2, The rear tapaman with ona pin stations hinwelf at the point of teoioing sr tne eed “tapeman taken the 2aroend ofthe tape an }. When the head tapeman has gone cesry a full tape lengthy the 4, wien the 30m markt the aarting olny andthe had tepemen tligm the cour topenan calle "al hs Tho hed taperan then Be aes ee geenes esters huge martng creyan is uae tomar the on of the Tape: “5. The rear tapeman picks up ie chaining oln ae th hese tapeman fate tha"tape forward ard thw proces ie repeated forthe rat Tal tips erat ‘Wan the end of tha linn snot rescence last fll tape | Seat hs been assured, the remaining pata Tanah ten nae tered The Fee tocar holt Ue tp ul ne tan fl, mete or foot) mare at hs chaning in wile the nee taeren pul he tape test and tee nete‘of the ruclonl meen Fead from the tape 1. After the mesuroment of the whele tne ie completes «second Ireasemart” scl be rede alang hw cppolte svete The mean ithe twa meceuremonts i taken er ta" rod presie value of feng of the ine. Tit; an 65,4, Tatulte stnerved and computed vies sccordingl. Rafer to ‘Sccomparying sample format forthe tabuiaton of ute, ‘yaiat [une | users | ovrrenence | wean |Revative 2 [ex COMPUTATIONS + 1. The mean length of the mwanued lie ie determined by he no snonsreant tn lding the am by two 2. The dcrepancy for the measurement is te tforence fh st manremant en than measoerent. 3. The relative precision’ of the meanurement ia determined | viding the screparey By. the mean’ engty ware. the See's n't piled aut of the. grams Thar le cheye oe fll without causing Injury oF dacomfort to te topaman. ‘the ceptable precisan would be at lost 1/1000 If this rat Tivsina the Tacemerent shuld be repent. “ts eZ,LAB BXERCE NO. 3 ELEMENTARY SURVEYING EM 1 TAPING OVER UNEVEN AND SLOPING GROUND {CTIVE + To determina the trlzeta length of sine over uneven tra‘ aleping” ground bythe methad of beeaking. tape. LAB EXERCISE OUTLINE STRUMENTS & ACCESSORUES + 30-m oF 100-f Steel Tape Chein- Ing Pras Range Pees, Pee or Pb, Spring Soule, ond Pro Bob PROCEDURE + Masaring Up (Oh desonatd uneven ad sloping terri, mark the endef «te Gta 96" tag fo Se ons Galatea ne the alpen point Sx Range polos ere held ‘ot st hind each point to Serve ae markor or srw seat intrmatete pita ang the ie to Inte Rater alignment sarin taping. »)_Heod tepemen neels nd spreads out the tape and pulls the roman pill al the ine Tre int A. The rea? tapean flee ihe” osm. (Ge104R) end oF the. tape {apersan mover tack toa lace on tel {aoe mk wrere the grou surface be fa of the "tape, The ead taparan stye bythe side atthe line ‘Mowaued snd Plas @ cing pn on te. rou ©) The rear_tapeman_temporeriy, releases end of tape and sigrle hard ipatnan to ather move to/Me Fgh ot tothe Tet ore ‘ie"to "sign ‘him, nen ‘he pet the heed eapernan i ine wih ‘Se rence pole Rod over pint the Raed tara te then aaa {0 wick "te pin vericlly ita the grou, 1d) Raat tapaman plunbs from point A to the termine! mark of tne tae wit plumb bob end maintain this plu bob steady over Awhile Fead taperan pulls the tape taut, and raking ure tat the tape la om ine By bringing er of ie edge in contact with the pe \ietnly llr pit. Tw head taperman that moves the pin epoca! he ‘eareg ‘tl meter oF foot mati of the tape ond he sic Teeny Ineo te groan. *2)_The fete tapeman leaves ie end af the tape, moves up the Pin stuck inthe ground by the head tapeman se sone st point AL 1 The proces is repeated until the whole tape length is used e thas Wishing ths meemestent et cow Ue’ ergth ot forint1), From the pln merking the on men the hrisatal memurriet in contra un point 8 le tne et portal tape ength i ipesures wth the Teor ‘lang: oe ape until Re tere full moter Cor Yoo) mae ‘hit nea tapes _pll"vhe tape taut ate tss ate of 2. Measuring Dowel. {erminel meter (efor of tape i lve with Be 1) After the plant. bob of the hed tapsen tae been al itn te tenant ‘ound mare ett by te plu bob. (©) The next Porizntal mensurement starts from the i ‘nm i tap legen meanreas Ae in teasui wp the saps ‘ter ot tape legthe plan tw paral tape length at the end 6 1 Tabulata conerved and computed valine eccorialy. Re the ecorpenyiny sea fat fa te tabulation of ate “Ay the hans toperen rope put hung" enve a mar’ ha ground He en sess pin TRIAL|Line | LenoTH | oirreRence | wean | neLanive compuTaTiONS + 4. The diorepancy for te macuremant ls the litference the tet measurement and the second mesure. 2. The mean length of the memuted line ie determined by. tin two "mwamreronts and dvdng. the eum by “twas Thi i mown se the mt prbeble valve of the lent a the ie. 3. The telatva preciion of the measurement is determined by ing "tha "aacrpancy by" the aun ier where theme edb’ to wit) 1 Relative procinan ie expremed fra {nn"and” tha "denominator le" rounded to” tha’ nearest DL REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS + 1, The procedure of breaking tape invaven the meamurament of Korine! Stones an acing ruse, Satan, totaal tape lang This Ie cone when 3sm Cor 100M) tape eet be Te st lrontat without pharbing trom above soulder length. ncept for the wae of a pln bob the proces of topo over jen tad spin). ound i sem &o taping aver omoot wd level 1 le important to determine 1 the tape ia held noueytrizontal | an level shuld be aed to check i the tape ond aro eld ectly to ou ta fave» gn ertzontal mansrement. gm sre Inpro There held onthe, pla of ia body paral tothe tape, with hi Teo well "bie fore std ben Tse with te ape, and esol ei agnne ne boy comtortaiye {ei hand level in ot avalible the tape may be etineted to be Peal oe tay int Sper te tpi J. Toe tapn ange Dotwoen supports when toking horizontal meanire font ver men wd loping ground thus maka te. tape ere. she th afc, fn pe ls Se sande co ected Tor tg, normal terion Ir ues me king tape, the line may lao be meesired by stor at segranteg incited cntences ed theve distances are Masa te sotermine tho total length Tae protic, Pwevet, Fe> fey cnn werd of cach pail leh ews we! ay 4. The delgnted line shuld be meen In two trial ence uphill tha onc ‘Sownl Th eatio of ucreponcy co length saul be deters Mined foe sctaplatle precision aul be at lost 1/4000. 1 thn or'attained toe meesurerent seule be repeated. sarltin to a, 2, Me tation me of tmiog pe fr = i sommes peeerERCHE NOL 4 ELOMENTARY SURVEYING 1 DETERMINNG AREA OF A RECTILREAR FIELD BY 19) Jo lary pow to mesaure noizntat angles with tape. 579 detrmina the toe "ot" 'e roctnone fata ‘ith LAB EXERCISE OUTLINE SIRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES # See! Tape, Chwining Pins, Range ad vue or Pose ae 1, Grablin we corer of the anigas fled ond els eatebish with- Ih we field's centraly-laate pointe 2, Sindvion the lela lo 2 convenient sri of connected tian hee (feter to secrmponying figure. Use pgm rust, oF Pre tomar Whe vertices of ect trengen Call Use points Ay By Cr ond tee 3. Fram the contrlly-locsted point, measure datas to exch point Aotning we" eorar or vortica of Soch tingle Cull Uwe dance fhe dny ad eter 4,” Using the chord meted of meonuring enor by, t8pe, determine tir the'dgles about the conte poly nr @\rO ond ae: Yi. 3. A ih mand tt agen5,_ Refer to, te accompanying sample tabulation for thw Serva eid tee COMPUTATIONS + 4. Determining Valine of Icha Angle. Win ihe ef, tae, the tard mated of mean ‘oxraa ue i". tateprina the ‘value tam angle The. fl es 2, Betermining Area of Eoch Tisai. In each triangle, ance the length of two siden and the na nla con be delaras the area ofthe trang ay to Ite ye following formals As(uayay@)sing where: ‘As area of the rlngle ab the two meonred side ofthe ‘Mange forge) c= Icluad engl @y 2, exete) mee CT si0es T wexuoeo (OMe Tie [mea] ANOLE nF or oF OF, AEF 1, Caeuiting the Totet Aron Te oat ara ef th flee he weno, te, ats Aye At ART Ast AG tas REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS + 1. Ostermining areat of rectilinear fel by tape it the (tot earls when large areas are Invelved. This method of feld survey wan widely used Sofre intrumente ranting anaes were Balt 3. The accuracy of the vale obtained by whi procedure Is depen: nt 'om the ne of the aly on the care with wich he points are l'on lines anon the accuracy of the measured lente, |LCagerence will show that with reasonable care the vaio of on role Entered hy tops imessremance woul ogres with the valve ‘Elsned with trait with one to thee mine. 5. All diatanoee from the esotrally-locted point of the fled to iueren 'corare weuld‘ba measured twice end the mean recorded ‘tc ge