Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila
Applied Economics
Market Structures
www.vector.com
1
LESSON
5
DIFFERENT MARKET STRUCTURES
EXPECTATIONS
PRE-TEST
Before you equip yourself with a new set of knowledge, let us check your
understanding about the topic. Enjoy answering!
SET A SET B
1.Perfect A. A. Sole seller has the full power to set prices
competition
2.Monopolistic B. Entry is difficult and huge capital investment
competition may be the barrier to enter the industry
3. Oligopoly C. Sellers offer close substitutes to the end users
Great job! You finished answering the questions! If you do not have any questions, you
may now proceed to the next activity. Enjoy answering.
2
Part II. Enumeration of Market Structure’s Characteristics
A
B A
C B
D C
D
A
B
C A
D B
C
D
https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-economics/meaning-and-types-of-markets/types-of-market-structures/
Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to check your
work. Congratulations and keep on learning!
3
When the entrepreneurs offer products in the market, they set prices. We
tend to respond on their prices by the quantity of products we buy from them.
The concept of elasticity applies. The price elasticity shows our responsiveness
or the way we react when the price of products changes. It measures the
quantity demanded or supplied of a certain good to a change in its price.
Elasticity can be described as: a) elastic (or very responsive with the changes
in the prices of products, that is when it is easy to find for a substitute product
when the price of the product increases and b) unit elastic, or inelastic or not
very responsive with the changes in the prices of products. (Sources: investopedia)
& (ER services 2020).
Let us check your retention on the knowledge you gained from last module
Directions: Please read and analyze the questions carefully. For each item,
encircle the correct answer.
1. In the market, the price elasticity for the demand of ethyl alcohol sold by the
ABM Drug Store is the:
a) ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded for the ethyl alcohol to
the percentage change in its price.
b) responsiveness of revenue to a change in quantity of the ethyl alcohol
c) ratio of the change in quantity demanded divided by the
change in its price of the ethyl alcohol.
d) response of revenue to a change in the price of ethyl alcohol
2. If demand for the banana lakatan of a vendor in the market is elastic, then a
a) rise in the price of banana lakatan will raise the total revenue
b) fall in the price of banana lakatan will raise total revenue of the vendor
c) fall in the price of banana lakatan will lower the quantity demanded
d) rise in the price of banana lakatan won't have any effect on total revenues
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4. The price elasticity of demand for a certain good tends to be:
a) smaller in the long run than in the short run
b) smaller in the short run than in the long run
c) larger in the short run than in the long run
d) unrelated to the length of time
5. If the price elasticity of supply of ripe mangoes is 0.60 and the price will
increase by 3 percent, then the quantity supplied for ripe mangoes will increase
by how much?
a) 0.60 percent
b) 0.20 percent
c) 1.8 percent
d) 18 percent
https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780199811786/student/chapt2/multiplechoice/
Great job! You have answered the first part of our activity.
You may now proceed to the second part.
Source: https://www.sparknotes.com/economics/micro/elasticity/problems/
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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Before we explore further our new lesson, read and analyze the
statements below. This is a “think, learn and challenge” opportunity for you to
connect more to the ideas on market and its structures.
Business firms comprise a big portion of the economy. Everywhere you go,
there is business. In the economy, firms differ from one another on how to
allocate their resources to produce the products and how to deliver them to the
consumers. They have to plan how to meet the demands of the consumers and
participate in the market with identified or non-identified competitors. From
the statements of the founder of Apple, would you agree that the secret for
being successful in the industry is to build the best thing (innovate the
product) and not more on the market structuring? As a customer and
entrepreneur, do you agree that market structures are important
considerations to be competitive in the market? You can at least answer these
questions when you appreciate more the concepts of the market and its
structures.
When a firm enters the market world, it has to decide for the ideal
market structure in order stay longer in the industry. Take note that, to assess
the business environments, is a big help to remain competitive in the market.
Let’s get to know about the different market structures. In the article of AU
Online (2017), A Guide to Types of Market Structures, it defined market
structure as a starting point for assessing economic environments of firms. It
also mentioned market structure as a tool of understanding of how companies
and markets work allows business professionals and leaders to accurately
judge industry and market news, policy changes and legislation and how the
economy shapes important decisions. https://online.aurora.edu/types-of-market-structures
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The Market Structures and Characteristics
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Monopoly
* A single seller and no competitors
in the market Limited stocks
*Very unique and highly predictable only!!!
product or no close substitutes
* The firm is the price maker and
the firm has considerable control
over the price
*It can control the quantity supplied
* Entry/exit is difficult and blocked
* Sole seller has the full power to set
prices
*Examples are public
transportations like MRT, computer
software manufacturer like Microsoft www.ayokay.com
Monopolistic Competition
Multiple giant firms produce similar
and highly predictable products
Profit maximization occurs
where MC=MR
Firms compete for economic profits
A competitive market that has only
a handful of buyers and sellers
Sellers offer close substitutes
products to consumers
Comparatively easier entry and exit
Examples: cosmetics, garments,
medicines, shoes, car washes, automotive services, etc.
www.clipart.eamil.com
Oligopoly
Few large firms in the industry
Standardized or differentiated
products/goods
Various barriers to enter the market,
entry is difficult and huge capital
investment may be the barrier to enter
The firms set and control their prices
Examples: aluminum and steel, oil and
gas, automobile, airlines,
entertainment, hotel and restaurants,
coffee shops, etc.
Are you enjoying our lessons? Let us try to answer the other activities so you can
be more confident of your earned knowledge.
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ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. Identification
2) If BCX Company competes with few large firms in the industry but with
differentiated products they offer on shelves, what market structure does
it enter? _________________________________
3) If there are several barriers on the entry and exit of firms in the industry
due to huge amount of capital needed, what market structure are they
in? ____________________________
5) ABM Supermarket has joined many and small marketers in the industry
with several competitors selling the same products. What market
structure does it join? ____________________________________
Activity 2. Enumeration
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Sample Industries and Market Structures
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
REMEMBER
In perfect competition, it is assumed that: (1) all firms maximize profits (2)
there is free entry and exit to the market, (3) all firms sell completely
identical (i.e., homogenous) goods, (4) there are no consumer preferences.
Oligopoly structure of the market assumed that: (1) all firms maximize
profits, (2) oligopolies can set prices, (3) there are barriers to entry and exit
in the market, (4) products may be homogenous or differentiated, and (5)
only a few large firms that dominate the market, and finally
The following assumptions are made for monopolies: (1) the monopolist
maximizes profit, (2) it can set the price, (3) there are high barriers to entry
and exit, (4) there is only one firm that dominates the entire market .
https://quickonomics.com/market-structures
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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Read the sentences carefully. Write the missing word in each
item.
1. There is a free entry to and exit from the industry in a
____________________ market structure.
2. In monopoly, there is a unique product and no close ________________
for the firm’s product.
3. In monopoly, the firm and industry are synonymous. No _____________
is observed.
4. In oligopoly, the ______________ is difficult and huge capital
investments are needed to penetrate the market.
5. In _________________________, multiple firms produce similar and
highly predictable products.
Monopolists
Oligopolists
Monopolistic
Competitors
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POST-TEST
Post-Test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Encircle your answer.
http://www.sanandres.esc.edu.ar/secondary/economics%20packs/microeconomics_sl/page_26.htm
https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780199811786/student/chapt9/multiplechoice/
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Learning Module for Applied Economics
www.vector.com
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E-SITES
E-si
To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the internet,
you may visit the following link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Hxy-TuX9fs
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Learning Module for Applied Economics
REFERENCES
Articles
Hawks, D. (2020) Perfect Competition in Economics & Adam Smith's 'Invisible
Hand. Retrieved on June 05 2020 from https://study.com/academy/lesson/perfect-
competition-in-economics-adam-smiths-invisible-hand.html
Zeder, R. (2020) The Four Types of Market Structures. Retrieved on June 27 2020
from https://quickonomics.com/market-structures
Websites
http://www.sanandres.esc.edu.ar/secondary/economics%20packs/microeconomics_
https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780199811786/student/chapt9/multplechoice
https://www.slideshare.net/mithileshtrivedi581/market-structure-and-types-of-
market-strucyure
http://www.sanandres.esc.edu.ar/secondary/economics%20packs/microeconomics_
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/oligopoly-examples.html
https://online.aurora.edu/types-of-market-structures/
http://economicsondemand.weebly.com/lesson-1-market-structures.html
https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-economics/meaning-and-types-of-
markets/types-of-market-structures/
http://s3.amazonaws.com/files.haikulearning.com
https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/monopoly-vs-monopolistic-competition
https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml
https://policonomics.com/lp-market- structures-market-structure
https://www.britannica.com/topic/price-system
https://quickonomics.com/market-structures/
http://dreamstime.com
http://pluspng.com
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Learning Module for Applied Economics
Acknowledgment
Management Team :
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla, Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio, EPS In Charge of LRMDS
Lady Hannah C. Gillo, Librarian II-LRMDS
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Learning Module for Applied Economics
ANSWER KEY
PRE-TEST
2. Monopoly
Number of Sellers- A single seller and no competitor
Product - unique product and no close substitutes for the firm’s product
Price- the firm is the price maker and has a control over the price
Barrier to entry/exit- entry or exit is blocked
3. Monopolistic competition
Numbers of sellers - multiple firms produce similar products
Products - highly unpredictable products
Price - firms compete for economic profits
Barrier to entry/exit - comparatively easier entry and exit
4. Oligopoly
Number of sellers - few large firms in the industry
Products - standardized or differentiated products/goods
Barrier to entry/exit- entry is difficult
Price - firms can control the prices of the products
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Learning Module for Applied Economics
ACTIVITIES
Activity I Identification
Par II Refer to Market Structures and Characteristics for the possible answers on:
POST-TEST
1 D 5 D 9A
2 A 6 C 10 D
3 D 7 A
4 D 8 C
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