CHEM122 TEXTBOOK BACK PAST QUESTION

1.
 The equilibrium concentration of the solid
( is considered as unity (1).
 The equilibrium constant ( ) is not affected by
concentration or pressure but only temperature.

Let the equilibrium concentration of A be x and

that of B be y.

6.
a. for ethanol (molar mass = 44g/mole)
2.
 The equilibrium concentration of the solid
( is considered as unity (1). b. for glycerin (92g/mole)

c. For glucose (180g/mole)

d. For methanol (32g/mole)

Lowest freezing point=Lowest depression (D)

3. A  Only temperature can affect the equilibrium 7.

constant of a system
4. At equilibrium,

8.

5.

Where;
e 9. Calcium trioxoiodo
final freezing temperature, m is molality and is the
freezing point depression constant of water ( . ( )

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 10.

21. The degree of ionization is given by:

11. Intermolecular forces (example is hydrogen) are

the major indicators of some physical properties
22. From the Handerson-HasselBatch equation:
(like boiling point, melting, polarity, surface
tension etc.) of substances. [ ]
Answer: A very high boiling point
12. The saturated vapor pressure and vapor pressure [ ]
a liquid depends mainly on temperature and the
nature of the liquid.
Answer: C depends upon the temperature
and nature of the liquid.
13. Boiling occurs at the temperature where the
[ ]
saturated vapor pressure of a substance equals
the external atmospheric pressure. 23. The normal blood pH is about 7.3 to 7.4.
Answer: D Answer B.
14. 24. A buffer is made from a weak acid and its salt
OR a weak base and its salt. Answer: D
25. pH of 0 to 6.9 is acidic. pH of 7 is neutral. pH of
7.1 to 14 is alkaline. Answer: A
26. Answer: B
27. The degree of ionization of a solute depends on:
15. The loss of electron is called OXIDATION, while Nature, Concentration and Temperature.
the gain of electron is called REDUCTION. Answer: B
Option C: ; the oxidation number of 28. The equilibrium constant is only affected by
Nitrogen changed from temperature. Answer: D
Answer: C 29.
16. Answer: B (
17. An high electronegativity atom has: High electon
affinity, High Ionization Potential, Small
Atomic Radius and Low Tendency to form a
positive ion. Answer: E Answer: B and E ( omo UNIBEN sef)
18. 30.
19. Answer: C
Acid and Base definitions according to:
Arrhenius: Acid a substance that yield hydrogen 31. Answer: D
ion in an aqueous solution, while a base is a 32. The active mass of a substance is given by:
substance that yields a hydroxyl ion in an
aqueous solution.
Bronsted-Lowry: Acid is a proton donor,
while a base is a proton ( acceptor.
Lewis: Acid is an electron acceptor, while a base 33.
is an electron donor.
20. According Bronsted-Lowry:

(D)

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 34.

41. The equilibrium constant is only affected by

temperature. Answer: C
42.

43.
35. The and it is the first
precipitate to the formed due to the Chlorine
having a higher electronegative value than
Bromine. The concentration of Ag ion needed to
initiate the precipitation of is:
44. The colligative properties are: Elevation of
boiling point, Depression of freezing point,
Hence for the precipitation of to be Exhibition of osmotic pressure and Lowering of
initiated the concentration of must be vapor pressure. Answer: B
greater than .
45. [ ]
36.

[ ]
46.
I 1M 3M 0M 47. Answer: D
C -X -3X +2X 48. Answer: C
E 1-X 3-3X +2X 49.

At the equilibrium the concentration of is;

50.

51.

37. Pressure favors the side with lesser number of

moles. The Reactant side has lesser number of
moles than the product side. Answer: B
38. The equilibrium constant is only affected by
temperature. Answer: D
39. Answer
40.

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 52. [ ]

60. Answer: A
61. Answer: B
62.
[ ] 63. Answer: E
64.
53. √

54. Increase in temperature favors the forward

reaction in an endothermic reaction, while
decrease in temperature favors the forward
reaction in an exothermic reaction and vice versa.
Answer: A 65. Answer: E
55. 66.
Molar mass of
Molar mass of B = 10.8g/mol

56. The of , in
the Ksp is :

67.

57.
68.
[ ]

69.

70.

√
58. √
71.
59.

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 79.

72.

80.

73. Then of H2O

Hence water is the excess reagent and the

74.
limiting reagent is used to calculate the amount of
product gotten:
If

Then

81.

75. [ ]

[ ]
82.

76. Answer: C
77. The But the
in :

I 0 0.06M 83.
C +X -2X
E +X 0.06-2X

84.
Mn O
78. Mole 2.212/55 1.288/16
n 0.0402 0.0805
Fraction 0.0402/0.0402 0.0805/0.0402
√ √
1 2

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 85.

Hence a precipitate is formed.

86.
100.

87.
√
√

88.

Shortcut and Direct Formula Session

CHAPTER 1: STOICHIOMETRY
 Mole(n)
89. Answer: D The higher the of an acid the The number of mole formula is given by:
stronger the acid and vice versa. Same also
applies for base.
90. Answer: A
91. Answer: E
92.

93. √
Note: The formulas can be related/equated to each
other, when a question has more than two
parameters.
94. Answer: B
 Percentage Composition
95. [ ]

 Percentage Yield

[ ]  Mass Percent and Mole fraction

96. Answer: A
97.
98.

 Molarity, Molality and Normality

99.

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The Reacting unit is the reacting of a compound,
that is;
1. The Reacting unit of an acid is equal to the
Basicity of the Acid. Hence for it is two, for
it is 3.
2. The Reacting unit for oxidizing or reducing agent,
it the number of electrons gains or lost during the
reaction. Hence for it is 5 and for
is 3.
 Relationship between Molarity and
Normality
 Relationship between Molarity and Molality
 Stock Solution/Dilution Principle
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO REDOX
REACTION
 For complex redox equation questions, you
can easily get your answers from the option
rather than going through the long approach.
To do this:
i) Firstly, balance your atoms on the left
and right side of the equation. That is,
the total number of atoms on the left
must equal that on the right.
ii) Secondly, balance your charges on the
left and right side of the equation. That
is, the total number of charges on the
left must equal that on the right.
 In other simple redox reduction, asking for
the reducing agents or/and oxidizing agents.
Note these;
i) The oxidizing agent is element that
gained an electron. Examples; Most
Non-metallic elements, ,
etc.
ii) The reducing agent is the element that
lost electron(s). Examples; Most
Metallic elements, etc
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CHAPTER 3&4: ACID, BASE AND
SALT:REACTIONS



 To determine the pH of an weak acid in a
buffer solution use the equation;
The pKa is calculated using:
is the acid dissociation constant.
 To determine the pOH of an weak base in a
buffer solution use the equation;
The pKb is calculated using:
it
is the base dissociation constant.
 If a minimal strong acid or base is added to
the buffer solution, the equation can be
given as:
Note that the value of the salt, acid, base and added
base is in .
 Solubility product(
If you have a salt, given by:
The solubility is given by:
Examples 1:
Example 2:
 Solubility product in another
solvent(common ion effect)
The shortcut is given as: If salt is dissolved in
salt of concentration P, the solubility of salt
is given as:
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CHAPTER 5: COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF
SOLUTION
 Raoult’s Law
Page 7
 is the vapor pressure change, is the new
vapor pressure, are the mole solvent
and mole solute, is pure vapour pressure of
the solvent.
 Elevation Of Boiling point of the solvent

is the molar boiling point elevation constant

 Depression of the Freezing point of the
solvent

is the molar freezing point depression

constant
 Osmotic Pressure

is the osmotic pressure in atm ,M is molar

concentration in ,d is density, Mo is
molar mass, T is temperature in K &R is the gas
constant.

Solvent B.P F.P

Water 100 0.512 0 1.86
Benzene 80 2.53 5.5 5.12

CHAPTER 6: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM




Note:
1.
2.
3.
is the is the equilibrium pressure constant & is
the equilibrium constant, R is the gas constant and T
is temperature

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