Note that these are suggestions to help enhance your report – you do not need to do all of these and

you likely should do more than what is written. These are suggestions to help guide you to things you
should likely consider when writing your laboratory report.

1.3 - Things to consider in general (not an exclusive list):

 double check JALR 13 and make sure you have covered all points
 look at common errors and make sure you have avoided them
 what is homeostasis
 how is homeostasis controlled (intrinsic vs. extrinsic)
 negative feedback
 Canon’s postulates

Waterbath
 check out Fox background information in 1.3A
 how the waterbath works
 why waterbath is not a good example of homeostasis
 negative feedback
 antagonistic control
 what happens if you add boiling water to the waterbath
 control systems
 setpoints
 comparison with a homeostatically regulated variable in human body
 consider separate tables or figures for data presentation – one for the five temperature
measurements and the other for the change in temperature over time (note this tends to be a
difficult figure to make – I suggest making the grid on a computer by plotting the trend line by
hand)

Heart Rate
 check out Fox background information in 1.3B
 check out S3P2 lecture notes from cardiovascular control of mean arterial blood pressure
(heart rate)
 check out laboratory 13/14 for parasympathetic and sympathetic influences on heart rate
 what factors can influence resting heart rate (SA node inherent rate, genetics, gender, body
size, parasympathetic tone, circulating hormones, fitness levels)
 measurement of individual resting heart rate
 comparison of class averages for exercise group and nonexercise groups
 heart rate not homeostatically controlled
 role of the ANS and hormones in determining heart rate
 what is mean arterial blood pressure and how is it controlled
 mean arterial blood pressure homeostatically controlled
 what determines blood pressure (heart rate x stroke volume x total peripheral resistance)
 what is stroke volume
 basic need for cardiac output between trained and untrained individuals
 cardiac output calculation (heart x stroke volume)
 consider separate tables or figures for data presentation – one for the five heart rate
measurements and the other for the class data of resting heart rates

8.4 - Things to consider (not an exclusive list):

 double check JALR 13 and make sure you have covered all points
 look at common errors and make sure you have avoided them
  what is pH
 what is an acid
 what is a base
 what is a buffer
 acid-base balance control
 acidosis and alkalosis pH measurements
 acidosis and alkalosis complications
 how respiration helps control blood pH
 how the kidneys metabolically control pH
 how CO2 acts as an acid in the blood
 CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3-

Acid, Base, Water, Buffer

 check out Fox background information in 8.4A
 check lecture S1PX2 – Basic Chemistry
 what is pH and how do we measure it
 what is an ionic bond and how does it behave in water
 how is an acid different from a base
 what is a buffer
 what are the three primary buffers in the human body
 acid-base balance control
 acidosis and alkalosis pH measurements
 acidosis and alkalosis complications
 how respiration helps control blood pH
 how the kidneys metabolically control pH
 how CO2 acts as an acid in the blood
 how does metabolic acids affect blood pH
 CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3-
 consider separate tables for data presentation – one for acid water and buffer with the other for
base in water and buffer

Exercise and Time to Color Change

 check out Fox background information in 8.4B
 check lecture S1PX2 – Basic Chemistry
 what is pH and how do we measure it
 what happens to blood pH when we exercise and why does it not normally change
 what is respiratory compensation
 hyperpnea vs. hyperventialtion
 what is a buffer and what are the three primary buffers in the human body
 acid-base balance control
 acidosis and alkalosis pH measurements
 acidosis and alkalosis complications
 how respiration helps control blood pH
 how the kidneys metabolically control pH
 how CO2 acts as an acid in the blood
 CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3-
 consider using a single table or figure to show pre-exercise and post-exercise time to color
changing when blowing through the straw
Effect of Hyperventilation
 check out Fox background information in 8.4C
 check lecture S1PX2 – Basic Chemistry
 what is normal respiratory rate
 how is respiratory rate controlled
 hyperpnea vs. hyperventialtion
 what happens to blood pH when we exercise and why does it not normally change
 what is pH and how do we measure it
 what is respiratory compensation
 what is a buffer and what are the three primary buffers in the human body
 acid-base balance control
 acidosis and alkalosis pH measurements
 acidosis and alkalosis complications
 how respiration helps control blood pH
 how the kidneys metabolically control pH
 how CO2 acts as an acid in the blood
 CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3-
 consider using a single table or figure to show pre-hyperventilation and post-hyperventilation
respiratory rate

2.1 - Things to consider (not an exclusive list):

 double check JALR 13 and make sure you have covered all points
 look at common errors and make sure you have avoided them
 Beer’s law
 normal concentrations and range
 sources
 normal use of substance in the body
 low level problems
 excessive amount problems

Glucose
 check out Fox background information in 2.1A
 check out Laboratory 19 (glucose tolerance test)
 check out lecture S1P2 - Chemistry
 normal range of glucose
 what is A1C and what role does that play
 normal function of glucose
 sources of glucose (endogenous and exogenous)
 effects of hyperglycemia
 effects of hypoglycemia
 diabetes
 complications of diabetes
 types of diabetes
 other sources of high blood sugar
 consider using a single table or figure to show glucose levels for the unknown, normal and
abnormal blood along with an appropriate determination of status (normal, hypoglycemic,
hyperglycemic and/or normal, prediabetic or diabetic)
Cholesterol
 check out Fox background information in 2.1B
 check out lecture S1P2 - Chemistry
 normal range of cholesterol
 normal function of cholesterol
 sources of cholesterol (endogenous and exogenous)
 total cholesterol vs. HDL vs. LDL
 effects of hypercholestremia
 effects of hypocholestremia
 heart disease
 other cardiovascular issues associated with high cholesterol
 any effects of low cholesterol
 consider using a single table or figure to show cholesterol levels for the unknown, normal and
abnormal blood along with an appropriate determination of status (normal, hypocholestremia,
hypercholestremia)

Protein
 check out Fox background information in 2.1C
 check out lecture S1P2 - Chemistry
 check out lecture S3P1 - Blood
 normal range of protein
 normal function of protein
 sources of protein
 effects of hyperproteinemia
 effects of hypoproteinemia
 protein deficiency
 effect of excessive protein on the kidneys
 key proteins in the blood
 role of albumins is osmotic regulation
 consider using a single table or figure to show protein levels for the unknown, normal and
abnormal blood along with an appropriate determination of status (normal, hypoproteinemia,
hyperproteinemia)