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Bayzoni

Department of Civil Engineering


Faculty of Engineering
University of Lampung
2022
DYNAMICS OF
STRUCTURES
1. Introduction
2. Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems
• Equation of Motion
• Solution of the Equation of Motion
• Evaluation of Damping in SDOF Systems
• Response to Harmonic Loading
• Response to Periodic Loading
• Response to Impulsive Loads
• Response to General Dynamic Loading
• Superpotition Method
• Step-by-step Method
• Nonlinear Analysis
• Generalized Single Degree of Freedom

3. Multi Degree-of-Freedom Systems


• Equations of Motion
• Vibration Mode Shapes and Frequencies
• Modal Equations of Motion
RESPONSE TO GENERAL DYNAMIC
LOADING: SUPERPOSITION METHODS

 Beban yang bekerja selama


selang waktu dt merupakan
impulse dengan durasi
sangat singkat p(t) dt
 Respon yang dihasilkan
untuk beban p(t) dt:
RESPONSE TO GENERAL DYNAMIC
LOADING: SUPERPOSITION METHODS

 Total riwayat beban di atas dapat dianggap


sebagai beban impulse yang berurutan
 Untuk sistem linear, total respon dapat
diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan differensial
response yang terjadi selama riwayat beban,
yang dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegralkan
pers di atas:

Duhamel Integral
Equation

 Impulse dari p(t) selama interval dt


dilambangkan dengan luas daerah
yang di arsir, yang besarnya:
 Impulse yang bekerja pada massa m
menghasilkan perubahan kecepatan:
 Perubahan kecepatan dV dapat
dianggap sebagai kecepatan awal dari
massa pada waktu t
Numerical Evaluation of Response Integral
Numerical Evaluation of Response Integral
Numerical Evaluation of Response Integral
E.G
Underdamped
Underdamped
Duhamel Integral
 In the following, an expression for the
response to an arbitrary dynamic
loading is developed based on Equation
3.80. The concept is to first derive,
based on Equation 3.80, the differential
response due to a differential impulse,
acting over an infinitesimal time interval
and then, based on an assumption of
linearity, obtain the total response as the
summation (integral) of the differential
responses. For the differential time
interval dτ, the response is (for t > τ):
 du(t) represents the differential response
contribution of the impulse p(τ)dτ to the
total response, which is obtained by
integrating Equation 3.81 as:
 Equation 3.82, known as the Duhamel
integral, can be used to obtain the
response of an undamped2 SDOF system
to any dynamic loading p(t).
 For a damped system, the derivation is
identical except that the free-vibration
response initiated by the differential
load impulse decays exponentially. The
Duhamel integral for a damped SDOF
system is:
Central Difference Method
 Metode ini berdasarkan pendekatan beda
hingga turunan perpindahan terhadap waktu,
dengan mengambil step waktu tetap ∆ti = ∆t,
maka ekspresi untuk kecepatan dan percepatan
adalah:
Central Difference Method
Central Difference Method
Central Difference Method
Central Difference Method
Newmark Method

 Th 1959, Newmark mengembangkan metode


time-stepping family berdasarkan persamaan
berikut:

 Parameter g dan b untuk menentukan variasi


kecepatan untuk tiap tingkatan waktu dan
untuk stabilitas serta ketelitian.
Newmark Method
 Merupakan salah satu prosedur numerik yang biasa
digunakan untuk menganalisis respon struktur
terhadap beban gempa.

Nilai g = ½ dan b = ¼  digunakan prinsip metode


percepatan rata-rata
Nilai g = ½ dan b = ⅙  digunakan prinsip metode
percepatan linear

Kestabilan dan ketelitian/akurasi proses numerik akan


terjaga apabila dipakai nilai selang waktu (Dt) yang
relatif kecil.
Newmark Method
Average Acceleration Method
(g = ½ , b = ¼)
Newmark Method
Linear Acceleration Method
(g = ½ , b = ⅙)
Newmark Method
Newmark Method
Newmark Method

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