This document discusses methods for analyzing the dynamics of structures under dynamic loading, including single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degree-of-freedom systems. It covers the equation of motion, response to harmonic and periodic loading, and response to general dynamic loading using the superposition and Duhamel integral methods. Numerical methods for evaluating the response integral are presented, such as the central difference method and Newmark method.
This document discusses methods for analyzing the dynamics of structures under dynamic loading, including single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degree-of-freedom systems. It covers the equation of motion, response to harmonic and periodic loading, and response to general dynamic loading using the superposition and Duhamel integral methods. Numerical methods for evaluating the response integral are presented, such as the central difference method and Newmark method.
This document discusses methods for analyzing the dynamics of structures under dynamic loading, including single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degree-of-freedom systems. It covers the equation of motion, response to harmonic and periodic loading, and response to general dynamic loading using the superposition and Duhamel integral methods. Numerical methods for evaluating the response integral are presented, such as the central difference method and Newmark method.
Faculty of Engineering University of Lampung 2022 DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURES 1. Introduction 2. Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems • Equation of Motion • Solution of the Equation of Motion • Evaluation of Damping in SDOF Systems • Response to Harmonic Loading • Response to Periodic Loading • Response to Impulsive Loads • Response to General Dynamic Loading • Superpotition Method • Step-by-step Method • Nonlinear Analysis • Generalized Single Degree of Freedom
3. Multi Degree-of-Freedom Systems
• Equations of Motion • Vibration Mode Shapes and Frequencies • Modal Equations of Motion RESPONSE TO GENERAL DYNAMIC LOADING: SUPERPOSITION METHODS
Beban yang bekerja selama
selang waktu dt merupakan impulse dengan durasi sangat singkat p(t) dt Respon yang dihasilkan untuk beban p(t) dt: RESPONSE TO GENERAL DYNAMIC LOADING: SUPERPOSITION METHODS
Total riwayat beban di atas dapat dianggap
sebagai beban impulse yang berurutan Untuk sistem linear, total respon dapat diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan differensial response yang terjadi selama riwayat beban, yang dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegralkan pers di atas:
Duhamel Integral Equation
Impulse dari p(t) selama interval dt
dilambangkan dengan luas daerah yang di arsir, yang besarnya: Impulse yang bekerja pada massa m menghasilkan perubahan kecepatan: Perubahan kecepatan dV dapat dianggap sebagai kecepatan awal dari massa pada waktu t Numerical Evaluation of Response Integral Numerical Evaluation of Response Integral Numerical Evaluation of Response Integral E.G Underdamped Underdamped Duhamel Integral In the following, an expression for the response to an arbitrary dynamic loading is developed based on Equation 3.80. The concept is to first derive, based on Equation 3.80, the differential response due to a differential impulse, acting over an infinitesimal time interval and then, based on an assumption of linearity, obtain the total response as the summation (integral) of the differential responses. For the differential time interval dτ, the response is (for t > τ): du(t) represents the differential response contribution of the impulse p(τ)dτ to the total response, which is obtained by integrating Equation 3.81 as: Equation 3.82, known as the Duhamel integral, can be used to obtain the response of an undamped2 SDOF system to any dynamic loading p(t). For a damped system, the derivation is identical except that the free-vibration response initiated by the differential load impulse decays exponentially. The Duhamel integral for a damped SDOF system is: Central Difference Method Metode ini berdasarkan pendekatan beda hingga turunan perpindahan terhadap waktu, dengan mengambil step waktu tetap ∆ti = ∆t, maka ekspresi untuk kecepatan dan percepatan adalah: Central Difference Method Central Difference Method Central Difference Method Central Difference Method Newmark Method
Th 1959, Newmark mengembangkan metode
time-stepping family berdasarkan persamaan berikut:
Parameter g dan b untuk menentukan variasi
kecepatan untuk tiap tingkatan waktu dan untuk stabilitas serta ketelitian. Newmark Method Merupakan salah satu prosedur numerik yang biasa digunakan untuk menganalisis respon struktur terhadap beban gempa.
Nilai g = ½ dan b = ¼ digunakan prinsip metode
percepatan rata-rata Nilai g = ½ dan b = ⅙ digunakan prinsip metode percepatan linear
Kestabilan dan ketelitian/akurasi proses numerik akan
terjaga apabila dipakai nilai selang waktu (Dt) yang relatif kecil. Newmark Method Average Acceleration Method (g = ½ , b = ¼) Newmark Method Linear Acceleration Method (g = ½ , b = ⅙) Newmark Method Newmark Method Newmark Method
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