PSYCHOLOGY
ORGANISMS WILL BEHAVE IN
 It was 16th century when the term
Psychology was coined from the Greek
words “psyche” (soul) and “logos”
(study). Psychology then was defined as
the “study of the soul”. Philosophers,
medical doctors and physiologists were
the ones involved in the study of human
behavior.
 A great shift in the focus of study took
place in the late 19th century when the
practioners delved into the depths of the
human mind and its mental processes…
Thereby, Psychology is born….
 TODAYS DEFINITION:
PSYHOLOGY is a SCIENTIFIC study
of THOUGHT and BEHAVIOR.
 SCIENTIFIC
 Undergoing PROCESS
 Investigating FACTS
 Validating THEORIES
 THOUGHT/ MENTAL PROCESSES-
which are not directly observable, refer
to a wide range of thinking, imagining,
studying and sleeping.
 19TH CENTURY STUDY OF MIND
 SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THOUGHT
AND BEHAVIOR
 SCIENCE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
AND MENTAL PROCESSES
BEHAVIOR- It refers to observable actions
or responses in both humans and animals. It
might include speaking, eating, laughing,
running, reading.
4 GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
 SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY:
(DEPBC)
 DESCRIBE- DESCRIBE THE
DIFFERENT WAYS THE ORGANISM
BEHAVES.
 EXPLAIN- EXPLAIN THE
CAUSE/S OF BEHAVIOR.
 PREDICT- PREDICT HOW
CERTAIN SITUATIONS.
 BEHAVIOR CHANGE-
CONTROL OR CHANGE THE
UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR.
 “EVERY BEHAVIOR HAS A CAUSE.
DON’T JUDGE THE BEHAVIOR,
EXPLAIN IT!”
 “IT IS A MISTAKE TO LOOK AT
OTHERS MISTAKE.”
IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING
PSYCHOLOGY
BEHAVIOR 101: YOU AND OTHERS
 AWARENESS of ONE’S SELF
 (past, present and future)
 UNDERSTANDING OTHERS
 (why, when and how)
 TOWARDS TWO GREAT
THINGS:
SUBDISCIPLINES OF PSYCHOLOGY
 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-
Explores how thought and behavior change
and show stability across the life span. (on
set- puberty lifespan development)
(exploration starts at childhood to
adolescent) Adolescent- most complex
 BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE- Studies
the links among brain and behavior which
involves learning, emotion social behavior
and mental illness to name just a few. Mind-
body connection.
 PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY-
Considers what makes people unique as well
as the consistencies in behavior across time
and situation throughout the life span.
Personality- behavior and attitude that you
know about yourself.
 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY-Considers how
the real or imagined presence of others
influences thoughts, feeling and behavior
“We are social beings, we cannot live
alone.”
 CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-Focuses on the
diagnosis and treatment of mental,
emotional, and behavioral disorders and
ways to promote psychological health.
 HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY-Examines the
role of psychological factors in physical
health and illness. It studies how STRESS is
linked to illness and immune functions in
our body.
Stress- Makes cells in the brain clog.
Deteriorates brain cells and without sleep it
cannot be repaired.
Technology- affects stress.
 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-
Examines on how student learn, the
effectiveness of particular teaching
techniques and its dynamics. It focuses on
the teaching-learning process based on the
learners’ context.
 INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY- Focuses on how human
resources at work become productive and
effective for the growth and development of
organization and industry.
 COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY- Study on
how we perceive information, how we learn
and remember, how we acquire and use
language and how we solve problems. GET,
STORE, USE
 2 NEWEST: SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY-
Examines the psychological factors in sports
that affect performance and participation in
sports and exercise.
 FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY- It is a blend
of psychology, law and criminal justice.
Forensic Psychologists make legal
evaluation of a person’s mental competency
to stand trial and the state of mind of the
defendant and accused.
“Every first experience changes our
emotional being”
3 OUT OF 99 ARE PRESENTLY
DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM
GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
LESSON 1: PART 2 MODERN
APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROCESSES
1. BIOLOGICAL APPROACH by
Psycho biologist
 Autism is caused by genetic and
biological factors, such as maldeveloped
brain CEREBELLUM (shown in the
picture) of AC is 75% - abnormally
small; and 10%-abnormally large
 The Cerebellum is normally involved in
many behaviors such as coordinating
body movements paying attention,
feeling and planning.  So, we would
expect a child with an abnormal
cerebellum to be impaired in feeling,
learning, moving, which is exactly
observed in Autistic Children.
2. COGNITIVE APPROACH
This approach focuses on how we
process, store and use information and how
this info influences what we attend to,
perceive, learn, remember, believe and feel.
DONNA’S COGNITIVE ABILITY
 Though AC often difficulty developing
language abilities. Donna learned to
both speak and write. This demonstrates
the wide range of Cognitive abilities in
AC individuals who can be divided into
three groups.
  First Group – intellectual functioning is        Childhood Experience and the Unconscious
in retarded range.
      Donna’s negative childhood experiences
- Their IQ is below 50, less than half of
are considered very important in the
the average IQ of 100. These AI develop
Psychoanalytic Approach.
no language skills, are often
handicapped and need special care According to Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, a
Physician, the thoughts and feelings that make
 Second Group -SAVANTS- made
us feel fearful or guilty, or that threaten us
popular in the movie “Rainman” is
DURING CHILDHOOD are automatically sent
characterized by individuals who have
deep into our UNCONSCIOUS.
some amazing skills. They are called
“AUTISTIC SAVANTS”. They have
phenomenal abilities such as:
performing complex mathematical
calculations, memorizing vast quantities
of data and excelling at musical or
artistic feats (gymnastics).
 Third Group –High Functioning Autistic
has IQ above 70 and develops relatively
fluent speech, but they do not well in
academic subjects and have impaired
social skills. They are called “HIGH
FUNCTIONING AUTISTICS”
-While Psycho biologist is working to
identify how BRAINS of Autistic
maybe impaired.
-Cognitive Psychologist is studying
cognitive and social problems that go
with Autism.
3. BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
 This approach analyzes how organisms
learn new behavior or modify existing
ones, depending on whether events in
their environments rewards or punish
these behaviors.
4. PSYCHOANALTYTIC APPROACH
(by Psychoanalyst)
 This approach is based on the belief that
childhood experiences greatly
influenced the development of later
personality and psychological problems.
THE FOCUS OF PSYCHOANALYTIC
APPROACH