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Fuel System
Diesel engines use different fuel systems based of engine design and
specification, and application, in spite of direct injection system is not
cheap, but it is also easy to maintain and repair. The most of new diesel
engines production is designed to use common rail system, the simple
reason is to match the European standardization, to my expectation the
African and Arab countries will keep using Direct Injection (DI) system for
the next ten years at least, the reason is not because it is only durable,
but also because the high sulfur content in local fuel.
With direct injection engines, fuel is squirted directly into the
combustion chamber instead of hanging out in the air intake manifold.
Direct injection, daily maintenance cost is low, the engine torque is large,
and the power is sufficient. The direct injection engine structure is simpler
than the electronically controlled high pressure common rail engine, and
the failure rate is low, which can maintain a relatively stable fuel
consumption.
What are the advantages of direct injection of a diesel engine?
With a diesel we don’t mix the air and fuel before igniting the mixture ‐
instead we inject the fuel into the already hot and compressed air where
it burns as it is injected
So the secret is getting each molecule of fuel to it’s required molecules
of air in a short period of time
The two strategies are to move the air to the fuel or to move the fuel to
the air
An Indirect Injection Engine basically makes the air swirl like crazy to
take the air to the fuel
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A Direct Injection Engine blasts the fuel under a much higher pressure to
reach the air
The fuel is a liquid ‐ and it takes a lot less energy to blast a tiny volume
of liquid at a high pressure than it takes to move a large volume of air
which is a gas
So the Indirect Injection Engine has larger mixing losses ‐ energy that we
have to “put into” the system to make it work
This is why a Direct Injection Engine is normally about 20% (a huge
amount) more fuel efficient than an Indirect Injection Engine or cup
machined into them that the fuel is directed into.
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Main Components Of Direct Injection Fuel System:
1. Fuel Tank.
2. Water separator filter.
3. Prime pump (Feed pump).
4. Fuel filters (Primary & Secondary filters).
5. Fuel Injection Pump.
6. High pressure fuel lines.
7. Fuel Injectors.
8. Low pressure lines.
9. Hoses and connections.
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Injectors
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