Technical

Documentation
BLDGDESIGN Lesson 3

Engr. Sean Kenneth Anthony B. Pamintuan, CE, ME-1

 Technical Documentation - Introduction

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER - load-bearing walls, floors, roofs,

foundations, and skeleton framing needed for the
support of buildings and building components.

MECHANICAL ENGINEER - plumbing, elevators, escalators,

horizontal walkways, dumbwaiters, conveyors, installed
machinery, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER - electric circuits, electric controls

and safety devices, electric motors and generators,
electric lighting, and other electric equipment.
Technical Documentation - Introduction

● Internal/External Spaces
● Floor Plans
Appearance
Architect
●
● Environmental Impact
and/or ● Elevations
Engineer ●
●
Site Plan
Specifications
● Construction Contract
 Technical Documentation - Introduction

BASIC TRADITIONAL DESIGN PROCEDURE

the architect or engineer develops a

01 program, or list of the client’s
requirements
 Technical Documentation - Introduction

BASIC TRADITIONAL DESIGN PROCEDURE

the schematic or conceptual phase,

02 the architect or engineer translates
requirements into spaces, relates the
spaces and makes sketches, called
schematics, to illustrate the concepts.
 Technical Documentation - Introduction

BASIC TRADITIONAL DESIGN PROCEDURE

design development, proceeds. In this

03 stage, the architect and consultants
work out more details and show the
results in preliminary construction
drawings and outline specifications
 Technical Documentation - Introduction

BASIC TRADITIONAL DESIGN PROCEDURE

the contract documents phase, it

culminates in production of working, or
04 construction, drawings and
specifications, which are incorporated in
the contract between the client and a
builder and therefore become legal
documents.
 Technical Documentation - Introduction

General
Contractor VS. Subcontractors

• Private Work • Public Work

• Construction not
Note: There may be a legal requirement
performed for a that bids be taken and the contract
government agency awarded to the lowest responsible bidder
 Technical Documentation – P1 Design Drawing

The following are the prescribe

plans/drawings under the National
Building Code

● Lot Survey Plans

● Architectural Plans
● Civil Structural Plan
● Electrical Plans
● Plumbing Plans
● Mechanical Plans
● Sanitary Plans
● Electronics
 Technical Documentation – P1 Design Drawing

REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DESIGN DRAWING:

1. Drawing should be clear, simple and clean

2. Should agree with the actual measurements by the accurately drawn
scaled measurements.
3. Exact information should be provided in order to carry out the work at
site without scaling for missing measurements.
4. Only minimum notes to support the drawings should be indicated in the
drawings.
5. Sufficient space should be provided between the views to mark the
dimensions without crowding.
6. Follow the prescribe format and content of the National Building Code.
 Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

Specifications for a building project are written descriptions, and the

drawings are a diagrammatic presentation of the construction
work required for that project. The drawings and specifications
are complementary.

Presenting a written description of the project in an orderly and

logical manner, they are organized into divisions and sections
representing, in the opinion of the specification writer, the trades
that will be involved in construction. Proper organization of the
specifications facilitates cost estimating and aids in preparation
of bids. The architect should coordinate the specification
terminology with that shown on the drawings.
 Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

The Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) publishes a Master List of

Section Titles and Numbers, which is the generally accepted industry standard:

1. General Requirements 9. Finishes

2. Site Work 10. Specialties
3. Concrete 11. Equipment
4. Masonry 12. Furnishings
5. Metals 13. Special Construction
6. Woods and Plastics 14. Conveying Systems
7. Thermal and Moisture Protection 15. Mechanical
8. Doors and Windows 16. Electrical
Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS

This set of Specifications shall govern the methods of construction and the kinds of
materials to be used for the proposed building shown in the plans and detail drawings.

The plans, detail drawings and these Specifications shall be considered as

complementing each other, so that what is mentioned, or shown in one, although not
mentioned or shown in the other, shall be considered as appearing on both. In case of conflict
between the two, the same should be referred to the designing Architect/Engineer for
resolution.

GENERAL CONDITIONS –

All parts of the construction shall be finished with first class workmanship, to the fullest
talent and meaning of the plans and these Specifications, and to the entire satisfaction of the
Architect/Engineer and the Owner.

The construction shall conform to all the requirements of the National Building Code, as
well as the local rules and regulations of Angeles City, Philippines.

CLEARING THE SITE –

The building site shall be leveled according to the plans and cleared of rubbish, roots
and other perishable and objectionable matters to a suitable subgrade.

All such unsuitable materials shall be removed form the building site and spread uniformly
over the areas adjacent to the proposed building, or otherwise disposed of as may be directed
by the Architect or Engineer in charge of the construction.

STAKING OUT THE BUILDING LINES –

The building lines shall be staked out and all lines and grades shown in the drawing
established before any execution is started. Batterbaords and reference marks shall be erected
at such places where they will not be disturbed the excavation of the building.

EXCAVATION –

All excavations shall be made to grade indicated in the drawings. Where the building
site is covered with any kind of fill, the excavation for footings should be made deeper until the
stratum for safe bearing capacity of the soil is reached.

Whenever water is encountered in the excavation process, it shall be removed by bailing

or pumping, care being taken that the surrounding soil particles are not disturbed or removed.

BACKFILLS –
Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

After concrete for foundations is hard enough to withstand pressure resulting from fills, the
materials removed from excavations shall be used for backfill around them.

Backfill and fills shall be placed in layers not exceeding 150mm in thickness, and each
layer shall be thoroughly compacted by wetting, tamping and rolling.

CONCRETE WORKS –

All concrete shall be mixed thoroughly until there is a uniform distribution of the cement
and aggregates, and should be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position, care
being taken to avoid segregation of the aggregates.

Water to be used for mixing concrete shall be clean and free from injurious amount of oil,
acids, alkalis, salt and other organic materials.

PROPRTIONING OF CONCRETE –

All concrete works shall be done in accordance with the standard specifications for plain
and reinforced concrete as adopted by the Government. Cement, to be used shall be HOLCIM
portland cement, ATLAS brand pozzolan cement or any other equivalent brands more readily
available in the locality. Alternative cements so selected must meet the requirements of
Portland and pozzolan cements, and approved by the Architect or Engineer in charge of
construction.

The following proportions of concrete mixtures shall be used for the various parts of the
building:

Columns and footings - Class A (1:2:4)

Conc. Holl. Blk. Footings - Class B (1:2-1/2: 5)
Reinf. Conc. Beams and Slabs - Class A (1:2:4)
Concrete slab foot on fill - Class C (1:3:6)
Septic Vault cover - Class A (1:2:4)

Class A concrete shall be a mixture of 1 part cement, 2 parts fine aggregate and 4 parts
coarse aggregate by volume, plus enough clean water to make the mixture into a pliable
paste.

Class B concrete shall be a mixture of 1 part cement, 2-1/2 parts fine aggregate and 5
parts of coarse aggregate by volume, plus enough clean water to make the mixture into a
pliable paste.

Class C concrete shall be a mixture of 1 part of cement, 3 parts fine aggregate and 6
parts coarse aggregate by volume, plus enough clean water to make the mixture into pliable
paste.

The fine aggregate for concrete shall consist of natural sand, or inert materials with similar
characteristics, having clean, hard and durable grains, free from \organic matter or loam.
Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

The coarse aggregates for concrete shall consist of crushed rock of durable and strong
qualities, or clean and hard gravel. Size of the coarse aggregate to be used shall vary from
20mm to 40mm (3/4” to 1-1/2”).

FORMS FOR CONCRETE WORKS –

All forms for concrete works shall be properly braced or connected together so as to
maintain the correct position and shapes of the concrete members. Forms shall be constructed
sufficiently tight to prevent bulging and seepage of water.

Forms shall not be removed until the concrete has attained sufficient strength to support
its own weight and any loads that may be placed on it. Side forms of beams and girders may be
removed earlier that the bottom forms but additional posts or shoring must be placed under the
beams or girders until they have attained their strength.

CONCRETE SLAB FLOORS ON FILL –

Concrete slabs on fill shall be poured on a gravel bed of not less than 100m thick. Each
concrete slab course to be poured shall not be more than one meter wide, and each course
shall be poured alternately to the indicated floor finish.

SECOND FLOOR TOILET-BATH BALCONY CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS –

When preparing the concrete for upper floor slabs of Toilet-Bath and balcony it shall be
made waterproof by adding SAHARA waterproofing compound to the mixture.

The proportion of the waterproofing compound to a given volume of concrete mixture

shall be as recommended by the product manufacturer.

STEEL REINFORCING BARS –

All steel reinforcing bars to be used in this construction shall consist of round deformed
bars with lugs or projections on their sides to provide a greater bond between the concrete and
the steel. All steel reinforcing bars to be used shall be PAG – ASA brand.

All steel reinforcing bars shall be accurately placed and secured against displacement
by tying them together at each bar intersection with Gauge No. 16 galvanized iron wire.

The steel reinforcing bars indicated for footings, columns, slabs, beams, girders and other
concrete members shall all conform to the number, size and spacing as indicated in the
drawings of schedule of steel reinforcements.

No metal reinforcement shall be installed in place unless it is free from rust, scale or other
coatings, which will destroy or reduce the bond with concrete.

CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS –

Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

Concrete hollow blocks to be used in this project shall be ACPI (Allied Concrete
Products, Inc.) brand.

All exterior concrete hollow blocks to be used for first floor walls shall be at least 150mm
thick while concrete hollow blocks for interior walls unless otherwise indicated, shall be 100mm
thick. For interior CHB walls where plumbing pipes and fittings shall be located, the thickness shall
be at least 150mm.

Concrete hollow block to be used for walls above the first floor, shall be 100mm thick.

The concrete hollow block walls shall be laid, and the cells filled with cement mortar
consisting of 1 part Portland cement and 3 parts sand by volume. They shall be reinforced with
round deformed bars 10mm diameter, spaced not more than 0.80m on centers, bothways.

All exposed surfaces of concrete hollow block walls shall be finished with the specified
materials indicated on the elevation drawings.

The mixture of cement plaster for concrete hollow block wall finshes indicated in the
drawing shall be 1 part cement, 1 part time and 3 parts sand.

FLOOR FINISHES –

The materials to be used as floor finishes for the rooms of the building shall be as follows:

Entrance Porch ------------------------------- White Pebble Washout

Living Room ------------------------------------ MARBLEHAUS marble slabs
Dining Room ----------------------------------- MARBLEHAUS marble slabs
Kitchen ------------------------------------------- MARBLEHAUS marble slabs
Maid’s Room ----------------------------------- KENT Vinyl Tiles
Bedroom (First Floor) ------------------------- TILEWOOD parquet flooring
Carport ------------------------------------------- Black Pebble Washout
Bedrooms (Second Floor) and Hall------ 1” x 4” T&G wood Flooring
Balcony (Second Floor) --------------------- White Pebble Washout

THE WALL AND FLOOR FINISHES –

The toilet and bathroom floors shall be finished with unglazed mosaic tiles tiles carrying
the brand MARIWASA tiles.

The walls of the toilets, bathrooms, top of kitchen cabinets, and laundry tub, and their
adjacent walls shall be wainscoted with 200mm x 200mm (8”x8”) MARIWASA glazed tiles.

Interior and exterior corners of tiled floors and walls shall be provided with the necessary
tile mouldings.

All tiles for floor, walls and mouldings shall be free from laminations, serrated edges,
chipped-off corners and other defects, which would adversely affect their appearance and
strength. All joints between tiles and mouldings shall be filled with PRIME brand white cement
and then carefully wiped.
Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

Before the tiles and mouldings are laid in place, they shall be thoroughly soaked in water
if recommended by the manufacturer. Mortar to be used in setting the tiles and moldings shall
be a mixture of 1 part cement and 2 parts sand by volume.

LUMBER –

Lumber to be used in this project shall be well seasoned, thoroughly dry and free from
loose or unsound knots, shakes or other imperfections impairing their strength or appearances.

The kind of lumber to be used for the various parts of the building shall be as follows:

Exterior door frames --------------------------------------------- YAKAL

Interior door frames --------------------------------------------- GUIJO
Purlins, Wall Studs, Ceiling Joists, Cleats ------------------ TANGUIE
Fascia Boards, Cabinets/Closet Shelves ----------------- KD TANGUILE
Stair Treads, Stringers, Risers and Handrails -------------- NARRA
Trusses or Rafters, Floor Joists and Bridgings ------------- APITONG

FRAMES –

All wood frames for windows, doors, cabinets and closets shall be done as much as
possible, with carefully fitted mortise and tenon joints. All door and window frames to be installed
on concrete hollow block and other masonry walls shall be anchored with 76mm (3”) common
wire nails all around the contact surfaces, And all such contact surfaces shall first be painted
with SOLIGNUM brand wood preservative before the frames are installed in place.

All unexposed lumber such as posts, plates, floor and roof beams, trusses or rafters, floor
joists and bridgings, purlins, cleats, ceiling joists, wall studs, etc. shall likewise be treated with
SOLIGNUM brand wood preservative after they have been installed in place.

ROOFING –

The roof shall be covered with JACINTO COLORSTEEL pre-pointed roofing sheets as
shown on the plans. The roofing sheets shall be secured to the purlins with 6mmdia. (1/4” dia.) GI
rivets and Gauge No. 26 plain GI straps cut long enough for bending around the specified size or
purlins. The straps shall each be at least 25mm wide with corners chipped off at the riveting
ends.

Ridge rolls, hip rolls and valleys to be used shall be those compatible with JACINTO
COLORSTEEL pre-pointed long-span roofing sheets. They shall lap the roofing sheets at least
250mm. The ridge rolls, hip rolls and valleys shall be riveted to the roofing sheets, in addition to
the rivets engaging the GI straps in securing the roofing sheets to the purlins.

All roofing sheets adjacent to concrete hollow block and other masonry walls such as at
property line firewalls, shall be provided w3ith Gauge No. 26 plain GI flashing to extend up to the
top and over to the other side of the wall. All rivets shall be placed at the top of the corrugations
of the roofing sheets to prevent water from standing around the rivets.
Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

ELECTRICAL WORKS –

The electrical installation shall be done in accordance with the approved plans and
under the direct supervision and control of a licensed Professional Electrical Engineer or Master
Electrician.

All electric works and materials shall conform to the provisions of the latest edition of the
Philippine or National Electric Code.

The electrical wiring shall be installed thru MOLDFLEX coilable PVC electrical conduit
fittings and appurtenances that conform with ISO dimensions.

The type of electrical services to be supplied to the building shall be 220V, AC, single
phase.

There shall be only one service drop from the nearest Benguet Electrical Company
(BENECO) pole to the proposed building. Electric wires for light and power shall not be smaller
than 13.5mm2 (AWG No. 12). 600V insulation.

Electrical materials to be used for the electric installation shall be as follows:

Automatic Circuit Breaker ------------------------------ EVER brand

Flush wall switches, convenience outlets other wiring devices--- EVER brand
Wires/Conductors ----------------------------------------------- PHELPS – DODGE brand

The spare circuit shall be provided with an empty PVC pipe, size 19mmø which should
extend at least 300mm above the ceiling line. The grounding wires shall be identified and all
wires shall be color-coded for easy identification.

The panelboard shall be provided with a circuit directory.

PLUMBING WORKS –

All plumbing works for this project shall be in accordance with the approved plans and
under the direct supervision and control of a licensed Sanitary Engineer or Master Plumber.

Piping shall be properly graded or pitched to ensure easy circulation, drainage and
prevent water hammer and noise.

The plumbing installation shall conform with the provisions of the National Plumbing Code
and the rules and regulations enforced in the locality.

Piping for drain, waste and vent shall be done using MOLDEX SANIMOLD uPVC push-on
system. For the in-house water supply installation, MOLDEX SANIMOLD uPVC pipes and fittings
shall be used.

The plumbing fixtures and accessories to be provided and installed shall be as follows:
Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

Water Closets ------------------ SANIWARES Model VENTURA PF 2400, from Sanitary Wares
Manufacturing Corporation
Lavatories ----------------------- SANIWARES Model VENTURA PF 1200, from Sanitary Wares
Manufacturing Corporation
Kitchen Sinks ------------------- NORTHERN HILL Model SHELLY, enameled cast iron ledge sink,
from PI Manufactring
Shower Heads ------------------ All nickel – plated, with valve and one faucet, PRICE PFISTER
brand
Soap Holder -------------------- CWT Model ACOO4, from C. W. Tan Manufacturing
Toil Paper Holder ------------- CWT Model ACOO1, from C. W. Tan Manufacturing
Floor Drain --------------------- Size 100mm x 100mm (4”x4”) Nickel - plated

Where a sanitary sewer system of sewage disposal is not in operation in the locality, a
standard septic vault shall be constructed as shown in the drawings.

DOORS AND DOOR FRAMES –

Doors and door frames shall conform to the sizes, designs and kind of materials shown in
the details of doors, schedule of doors or as per the bill of materials.

All wooden doors shall be hung on at least 3 pieces of 102mm x 102mm (4” x 4”) loose-
pin bearing template hinges.

Door locksets to be used shall be WEISER brand to be installed 1024mm from the finished
floor line.

Rails and rollers for the sliding doors shall be B. F. Metal Corporation

STEEL WINDOWS –

Steel windows to be used in this project shall conform to the size and designs shown in
the detail drawings or schedule of steel windows, or as per the bill of materials.

JALOUSIE WINDOWS –

Jalousie windows to be installed shall conform to the detail drawings or schedule of

jalousie windows, or as shown in the bill of materials. Hardwares and fittings for louver windows
shall be galvanized-plated steel with rotor-operators.

Glass jalousie slats shall be 5.5mm thick x 100mm wide. Use frosted glass blades for all
bedroom areas and clear glass slats for all other rooms.

Glass jalousie windows shall be provided with aluminum screens. Wrought iron grilles using
at least 12mm square steel bars shall be installed on all jalousie windows.
STORM DRAINAGE –
All downspouts from the roof gutters shall end in concrete catch basins, to which 6” ø
reinforced concrete drainage pipes shall be connected leading to the street gutter fronting the
building.
Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

PAINTING –
All painting work for this project, except as hereinafter specified, shall be done with the
use of DAVIES paint products manufactured by DAVIES PAINTS, PHILIPPINES, INC. whose
specifications are hereby declared and made a part of this Specification, with the same force
and effect as if written herein in full.

The painting contractor shall supply all labor, DAVIES paint materials, tools, staging and
equipment necessary, and shall perform all painting and finishing work as shown in the schedule
of painting and finishing work for this project.

The painting contractor shall store his materials in one place in the building to be kept
neat and clean, care being taken in the storage of paints, oils, etc. to prevent danger of fire.
Oily rags shall be kept in metal containers and shall be removed form the building every end of
the working day.

Upon completion of the painting works, the painting contractor shall remove any paint
spots from all finished work. He shall present his work to the Project owner or Architect/Engineer
in-charge of construction, free from blemishes and rubbish generated by his workers.

It shall be the painting contractor’s responsibility to protect his work and those of other
contractor during the time of his work is underway. He shall be responsible for any damage to
the work or property of others caused by his employees or by himself.

Before any painting is done, all surfaces shall be cleaned, smoothed and freed from dust,
dirt, grease, mortar, rust and other foreign substances. All parts where paint remover has been
used shall be washed off with paint or lacquer thinner. All paints shall be spread evenly and
carefully.

All paint and paint materials shall be delivered to the building site in unbroken packages,
bearing the marks of the specified brand. No adulteration of specified paints with other brands
shall be allowed.

Project Owner
 Technical Documentation – P2 Technical Specification

Types of Specifications:
• Descriptive Specifications - describes the components of a product and
how they are assembled.
• Reference Specifications - employ standards of recognized authorities to
specify quality. (Example: Cement shall be Portland cement conforming to
ASTM C150, ‘‘Specification for Portland Cement,’’ using Type 1 or Type 11 for
general concrete construction.)
• Proprietary Specifications - specify materials, equipment, and other
products by trade name, model number, and manufacturer.
• Base-Bid Specifications - establish acceptable materials and equipment by
naming one or more (often three) manufacturers and fabricators.
 Technical Documentation – P3 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimates

Design Estimates: Bid Estimates:

• Order-of-magnitude estimates Direct cost of construction is

• Preliminary or conceptual estimates usually derived from the
• Detailed estimates following:
• Architect or engineer’s estimate • Quantity takeoffs
based on plans and specifications • Subcontractor quotations
• Company experience
 Technical Documentation – P3 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimates

Once you are selected as the successful contractor, your bid becomes your
budget and “control estimate”
Process of Estimating the Cost of a Construction Project
1. Initial assessment
2. Work analysis
3. Programming
4. Costing
5. Cost distribution and summarization
 Technical Documentation – P3 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimates

When making your initial assessment, consider the following:

• Study all plans and specifications.

• Always inspect the work site and its vicinity
• Obtain Department of Building and Safety records (e.g., previously issued
permits, certificates of occupancy, and outstanding violations)
 Technical Documentation – P3 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimates

When making your initial assessment, consider the following:

• Obtain soil and geological reports and any other professionally developed
reports on the building and property.
• Take photographs that may be of value as you develop your estimate in your
office.
• Discuss the project with the owner or owner’s representative
 Technical Documentation – P3 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimates

When making your initial assessment, consider the following:

• Collect wage and benefit rates for all the skills that will be used on your
project
• Check on working rules.
• Most construction projects involve some overtime work in addition to that
which is already allowed in the trade labor items
 Technical Documentation – P3 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimates

When making your initial assessment, consider the following:

• Know what bonds will be required

• Contact potential vendors and subcontractors
• Have a clear understanding about all owner-supplied materials and
equipment, their scheduled delivery dates, and on-site storage.
• Talk with knowledgeable residents and building occupants to discern unique
aspects of the site
• Consider the weather over the life of the project.
• Learn all the owner’s requirements to qualify as a bidder and all the owner’s
requirements that must be observed in bidding
• Determine how you will distribute mobilization and demobilization costs
 Technical Documentation – P3 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimates

When making your initial assessment, consider the following:

• Treat mobilization as an indirect expense and absorb it based on total direct

costs or total direct labor costs
• Charge mobilization through a suspense procedure that assigns costs to
direct expense
• Separately aggregate from both direct and indirect costs, in which case
mobilization must be added to the various category totals essentially as a
bid item
 Technical Documentation – P4 Permits

Building Permit - indication that drawings showing the work to be done have
been prepared by a registered professional and submitted to the governing
authority have jurisdiction over design and construction of the project. Also, it is
an indication that this authority stipulates that the documents meet the intent of
the applicable building codes and regulations.
 Technical Documentation – P4 Permits

Occupancy Permits - indicating that the building or tenant space has been
reviewed by the applicable agency and fire department. This permit indicates
that the building meets the requirements of the building codes and is
appropriate for occupancy for the intended use and classification for which the
building or space was designed and constructed.

• Elevator Usage Certificates - indicate that the elevators have been

inspected and found to be acceptable for use based on the size, loading, and
number of occupants posted on the certificate.
Any
questions?