:‫حل تمرين رياضي مهندسي‬

‫(جواب سؤالت بخش اعداد مختلط‬۱

‫)الف‬ Z1 Z 2
Z 1 = 2i Z 2 =1 − i Z 3 = 3 − 2i

Z1 z 1 2i × ( −2i ) 4 3 + 2i 12 + 8i 12 8
‫)ب‬ = = × = = + i
Z3 3 − 2i 3 − 2i 3 + 2i 13 13 13

Z1 + Z 3
Z2
‫)ج‬
(۲
‫)ب‬ 1 + 3i = Z
Z = re iθ = r (cosθ + i sin θ )
r = x 2 + y 2 = 3 +1 = 2
y π
θ = tan −1 ( ) = tan −1 ( 3 ) ⇒ θ =
x 3
π π
⇒ Z = 2(cos + i sin )
3 3
(۳
π
−i
‫ )ب‬Z 1 Z 2 = 2e iπ × 2e 3

Z = re iθ ⇒ z = re −iθ
2π
i
⇒ Z 1 ⋅ Z 2 = 2 2e 3

(۴

(cos θ + i sin θ ) n = (cos nθ + i sin nθ )

∀n = 3 → (cos θ + i sin θ ) 3 = (cos 3θ + i sin 3θ )
cos 3 θ + 3 cos 2 θi sin θ + 3i 2 sin 2 θ cos θ + i 3 sin 3 θ = cos 3θ + i sin 3θ
 
cos 3 θ +3 cos 2 θ sin θi −3 sin 2 θ cos θ −i sin 3 θ = cos 3θ +i sin 3θ
cos 3 θ −3 sin 2 θ cos θ = cos 3θ, 3 cos 2 θ sin θ −sin 3 θ = sin 3θ
→cos 3 θ −3(1 − cos 2 θ) cos θ = cos 3θ
cos 3θ = cos 3 θ −3 cosθ +3 cos 3 θ
⇒cos 3θ = 4 cos 3 θ −3 cos θ
3(1 −sin 2 θ) sin θ −sin 3 θ = sin 3θ
sin 3θ = 3 sin θ − 4 sin 3 θ
 (٥

‫)الف‬ Re(iz ) = −Im( z )

→i ( x + iy ) = ix − y

‫)ب‬ Re( z ) = Im(iz ) → Im(iz ) = i ( x + iy ) = xi − y

‫)ج‬
iz = −i z
i ( x +iy ) = −i ×( x −iy )
  
Z

Z1 Z 2 = Z1 Z 2

‫)د‬

Z +3i = Z −3i
( x +iy ) +3i = Z −3i →x −iy +3i = Z −3i
→x +i ( −y +3) = Z −3i →x −i ( −y +3) = Z −3i
→x +iy −3i = Z −3i

(٦
‫)الف‬
Re( Z −i ) = 2
Re( x −iy −i ) = 2 →Re( x +i ( −y −1)) = 2

 x= 2
 { (x, y) x = 2, y ∈ R }
 y∈ R
 Z −i = Z + i {( x, y ) x ∈ R, y = 0}
x + iy − i = x + iy + i

‫)ب‬ x + i ( y −1) = x + i ( y +1)

x 2 + ( y −1) 2 = x 2 + ( y +1) 2
x 2 + ( y −1) 2 = x 2 + ( y +1) 2 → y = 0

(٧

 Z1 = x1 + iy1
Z1 Z 2 = 0 
 Z 2 = x2 + iy2
  a     b  
Z 1 Z 2 = x1 x 2 − y1 y 2 + i ( x1 y 2 + y1 x 2 ) = 0
 

 x1 x2 − y1 y2 = 0

 x1 y2 + y1 x2 = 0 Z1 = x1 + iy1
x2 − y2
= 0 ⇒ x 22 + y 22 = 0 ⇒ x 2 = y 2 = 0
y2 x2
Z = x + iy

(٨

Z2 +4 =0
Z = r (cosθ + i sin θ )
‫)الف‬ Z 1n
= Z0 Z 0 = ρ (cos ϕ + i sin ϕ )

Z 0n = Z → r (cosθ + i sin θ ) = ρ n (cos ϕ + i sin ϕ) n = ρ n (cos nϕ + i sin nϕ)

 2kπ + θ
→ nϕ = 2kπ + θ → ϕ =
n
1 n 1 n  θ + 2kπ θ + 2kπ 
Z = r  cos( ) + i sin( )
 n n 
 θ + 2kπ θ + 2kπ 
Z m n = r m n  cos m( ) + i sin m( )
 n n 
⇒ Z 2 + 4 = 0 ⇒ Z 2 = − 4 ⇒ Z = ( − 4) 1 2
 r cosθ = − 4

⇒ Z = r[ cosθ + i sin θ ] = − 4 →   r〉 0 sin θ = 0
 r sin θ = 0  r ≠ 0 θ = kπ
 
⇒r = 4 ,θ = π
 π + 2kπ π + 2kπ 
Z 1 n = ( −4)1 2 = (4)1 2 cos( ) + i sin( )
 2 2 
∀k = 0 → Z 1 = 2[i ] → Z 1 = 2i
∀k = 1 → Z 2 = −2i
‫)ب‬
Z 4 − 2Z 2 + 4 = 0
Z 2 = t → t 2 − 2t + 4 = 0
2 ± − 12 2 ± 2i 3  1 + i 3 = t1
t1 , t 2 = = =
2 2  1 − i 3 = t 2
Z 12 = t1 ⇒ (1 + 3i ) = Z 2 → Z = (1 + 3i )1 2

(٩
 2
Z 2 + Z = 2 → ( x + iy ) 2 + ( x − iy ) 2 = 2
x 2 + 2ixy − y 2 + x 2 − 2ixy − y 2 = 2
x 2 − y 2 =1

(۱۰
n n(n −1) 2 n(n −1)(n − 2)...(n − k +1) K
(1 + Z ) n = 1 + Z + Z + ... Z + ...
1! 2! K!
∀n = 1 → (1 + Z )1 = 1 + Z
P P ( P −1) 2 P ( P −1)( P − 2)...( P − K +1) K
∀n = p → (1 + Z ) P = 1 + Z + Z + ... + Z + ...
1! 2! K!
‫ حكم‬:
( P +1) ( P +1)( P ) 2
∀n = p +1 → (1 + Z ) P +1 = 1 + Z+ Z + ... +
1! 2!
( P +1)( P )( P −1)...( P − K + 2) K
+ Z + ...
K!
 P P ( P −1) 2 P ( P −1)( P − 2)...( P − K +1) K 
(1 + Z ) P +1 = (1 + Z ) P (1 + Z ) = 1 + Z + Z + ... + Z 
 1! 2! K! 
(1 + Z )
 P P ( P −1) 2 P ( P −1)( P − 2)...( P − K +1) K   P
1 + 1! Z + 2!
Z + ... +
K!
Z + ... + Z + Z 2 +
1!
  
P ( P −1) 3 P ( P −1)( P − 2)( P − K +1) K +1
Z + ... + Z ]
2! K!

P P ( P −1) P
1 + Z (1 + ) +Z 2 ( + ) + ... ]
1! 2! 1!
P − P + 2P
2
P +P
2
P ( P +1)
= =
2! 2! 2!

(۱۲
(2Z +5)( 2 −i ) = 3 2 Z +5

 Z+
(2 5) 2 −i
Z1  
Z 2

Z 1 Z 2 = Z 1 Z 2 →2 Z + 5 = 2( x −iy ) + 5 = 2 x + 5 − 2ixy
Z 1 = ( 2 x + 5) 2 + 4 y 2
Z2 = 2 +1 = 3
Z 1 Z 2 = 3 × ( 2 x +5) 2 + 4 y 2
3 2 Z +5
2 Z +5 = 2( x +iy ) +5 = ( 2 x +5) 2 + y 2

(۱۳
 i − 2 + 2i − 2i − 2 −1 1
Z = × = = − i
− 2 − 2i − 2 + 2i 8 4 4
‫)الف‬ y − 1 4 3π
θ = tan −1 ( ) = tan −1 ( ) →θ =
x 14 4
3π
arg = 2kπ +
4

‫)ب‬
−2 1 − 3i − 2 + 2 3i −1 3
× = = + i
1 + 3i 1 − 3i 4 2 2
3 2 2π
θ = tan −1 ( ) ⇒θ =
−1 2 3
2π
→arg( Z ) =θ + 2 Kπ = + 2 Kπ
3