NATION &NATIONALISM

NATION
&NATIONALISM
Nationalism – a condition of mind, feeling, or
sentiment of a group of people living in a well-defined
geographical area, speaking a common language,
possessing a literature, in which the aspiration of the
nation have been expressed , being attached to
common traditions, and, in some cases , having a
common religion ( Louis L. Snyder ).
NATION &NATIONALISM
A condition of mind
Feeling or sentiment
Of a group of people
Living in a
well-defined
geographical area
Speaking a common
language
 NATION &NATIONALISM
Possessing a literature, in
which the aspiration of
the nation have been
expressed
Being attached to
common traditions
In some cases, having a
common religion
NATION &NATIONALISM

The ideas of
nationalism , a
product of the French
revolution in the
eighteenth century ,
filtered through the
Philippines only in the
nineteenth century.
 NATION &NATIONALISM
A nation is a group of
people bound together by
certain characteristics such
as common social origin,
language, customs, and
traditions, and who believe
they are one and distinct
from others.

The term is more strictly

synonymous with “people”.
 NATION &NATIONALISM
A group of people
bound together by
certain characteristics
such as common social
origin, language,
customs, and traditions
who believe they are one
and distinct from others
 NATION &NATIONALISM
A State is a community of
persons more or less
numerous, permanently
occupying a definite
portion of territory, having
a government of their own
to which the great body of
inhabitants render
obedience, and enjoying
freedom from external
control.

The Philippines is a State.

 Elements of
State
1) People – this refers to the inhabitants
living within the state
2) Territory – it includes not only the fixed
portion of land over which the
jurisdiction of the state extends (
territorial domain ), but also the rivers
and lakes therein, a certain area of
the sea which abuts upon its coasts
and the air space above the land and
the waters.
Thus, the domain of the state maybe
described as terrestrial, fluvial, maritime,
and aerial.
 Elements of
State
3) Government – it refers to the agency
through which the will of the state is
formulated, expressed and carried out.
The word is sometimes used to refer to
the person or aggregate of those persons
in whose hands are placed for the time
being the function of political control.
This “body of men” is usually spoken of as
“administration”.
The ordinary citizens of a country are part
of the state, but are not part of the
government.
 Elements of
State
4) Sovereignty – the term may be defined as the
supreme power of the state to command and
enforce obedience to its will from people within
its jurisdictions and corollarily, to have freedom
from foreign control.
It has two manifestations:
a. Internal – the power of the state to rule within
its territory
b. External – the freedom of the state to carry out
its activities without subjection to or control by
other states.
External sovereignty is often referred to
“independence”.
 STATE VS NATION
The State is a political concept, while Nation is an
ethnic concept.
A State is not subject to external control while a
Nation may or may not be independent of
external control.
A single State may consist of one or more nations
or peoples and conversely, a single Nation may
be made up of several States. ( Hector S. de Leon
/ Hector M. de Leon, Jr., 2015 ).
NATION &NATIONALISM

NATION & BAYAN

In the Philippines, many argue that
the project of nation-building is a
continuing struggle up to the present
NATION &NATIONALISM

Considering the country’s history,

historians posit that the nineteenth century
brought a tremendous change in the lives
of the Filipinos including the actual
articulations of nation and nationhood that
culminated in the first anti-colonial
revolution in Asia led by Andres Bonifacio
and the Katipunan
NATION &NATIONALISM

Furthermore, scholars note the

important work of the propagandists
like Rizal in the sustained efforts to
build the nation and enact change in
the Spanish colony
NATION &NATIONALISM

Kapwa : is an important concept in

the country’s social relations
Filipino interactions is mediated by
understanding one’s affinity with
another as described by the phrases
“ibang tao” and “di ibang tao”
NATION &NATIONALISM

In the formation and strengthening of

social relations , the Kapwa concept
supports the notion of unity and
harmony in the community
NATION &NATIONALISM

From this central concept arise other

notions such as “pakikipag kapwa”,
“pakiki sama”, and “pakikipag
ugnay” , as well as the collective
orientation of Filipino culture and
psyche
NATION &NATIONALISM

In understanding Filipino concepts of

community, the Bayan is an
important indigenous concept
NATION &NATIONALISM

Bayan/Banua , which can be traced

all the way to the Austronesian
language family, is loosely defined as
the territory where the people live or
the actual community they are
identifying with
NATION &NATIONALISM

Thus, Bayan/ Banua encompasses

both the spatial community as well as
the imagined community
NATION &NATIONALISM

The concept of Bayan clashed with

the European notion of Nacion during
the Spanish colonialism
NATION &NATIONALISM

The proponents of Pantayong

Pananaw maintain the existence of a
great cultural divide that separated
the elite (nacion) and the folk/masses
(bayan) as a product of the colonial
experience
NATION &NATIONALISM

Throughout Philippine history , the

challenge of building the Filipino
nation has persisted , impacted by
colonialism, violent invasion during
World war II, a dictatorship, and the
perennial struggle for development