The Life of Jose Rizal

THE LIFE OF JOSE RIZAL
Jose Rizal lived in the nineteenth

century , a period in Philippine history
when changes in public
consciousness were already being
felt and progressive ideas were being
realized
Terminologies:
1. Chinese mestizo – a person of mixed
Chinese and Filipino ancestry
2. Principalia – the ruling and usually
educated upper class in Spanish colonial
Philippines
3. Bachiller en Artes – Bachelor of Arts
degree bestowed by colleges or
universities
Terminologies:
4. Spanish Cortes – Spain’s lawmaking or
legislative body
5. Ilustrado – a term which literally means “
enlightened ones “ or the Filipinos
educated in Europe
6. Masonry – fraternal organization which
strives for moral betterment
Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 in the
town of Calamba, province of Laguna
The wonders of creation, the beauty of
nature, that surrounded Rizal made him
love nature from an early age
His student memoirs show how his love of
nature influenced his appreciation of the
arts and sciences
Francisco Mercado – Rizal’s father, was a
wealthy farmer who leased lands from the
Dominican friars.
Siang-co and Zun-nio – Rizal’s earliest
known ancestors
Lam-co - their son, came from Fujian,
southern part of China, who migrated to
the Philippines in the late 1600’s
In 1697 – Lam-co was baptized in Binondo,
Manila and adopted “ Domingo “ as his
first name
He married Ines de la Rosa , belonging to
a wealthy family in Binondo
Francisco Mercado – their son, with a new
surname “ Mercado “which means
market; a common surname adopted by
Chinese merchants. Rich farmer in Binan
Juan Mercado – the son of Francisco
Mercado, who also became Capitan del
pueblo just like his father was
Cirila Alejandra – the wife of Juan
Mercado. She’s a native of Binan
Francisco Engracio Mercado – their son,
the father of Jose Rizal
Governor Narciso Claveria – in 1849
decreed that all Filipinos must adapt
Spanish surnames
“RIZAL” – chosen surname by Francisco
Engracio ( Jose Rizal’s father ) which came
from the word “ ricial “ meaning “ green
field “ because he is a farmer in Calamba
growing rice and sugar cane
Francisco Mercado married Teodora
Alonso, who belong to one of the
wealthiest families in Manila and whose
father was a member of the Spanish
Cortes
Rizal described Teodora Alonso ( his
mother ) as a woman of more than
“ordinary culture, who was a
mathematician and read many books”
Because of Francisco and Teodora’s
industry and hardwork, their family
became a prominent member of the
“Principalia” class in the town of
Calamba
Their house was among the first
concrete houses to be built in the
town
“ The house was high and even sumptuous, a
solid and massive earthquake-proof structure
with sliding shell windows
Thick walls of lime and stone bounded the first
floor; the second floor was made entirely of
wood except for the roof, which was of red tile,
in the style of the buildings in Manila at that time
Francisco himself selected the hardest woods
from the forest and had them sawed; it took
more than two years to construct the house . At
the back was an azotea and a wide, deep
cistern to hold rain water for home use
Jose Rizal’s siblings:
1. Saturnina
2. Paciano
3. Narcisa
4. Olimpia
5. Lucia
Jose Rizal’s siblings:
6. Maria
7. Concepcion
8. Josefa
9. Trinidad
10. Soledad
Rizal was affectionate to all his siblngs. However, his
relationship with his only brother , Paciano, was
more than that of an older brother
Paciano became Rizal’s second father
Rizal’s highly respected him who convinced Rizal to
pursue his studies in Europe
Like Rizal, Paciano had his college education in
Manila but later decided to join the Katipunan and
fight for independence
After the revolution, Paciano retired to his home in
Los Banos and led a quiet life until his death in 1930
Childhood and Early Education –
Rizal had good memories of
childhood in Calamba
Due to his poor health , Rizal

had a personal attendant who
tells him legends and fairy
tales
Rizal had many private tutors:
1. Meastro Celestino
2. Maestro Lucas Padua
3. Maestro Leon Monroy
As a young student , Rizal
excelled in reading and writing
skills
He excelled in Latin and Spanish
at a tender young age
Student in Manila
He was sent by his father to
Ateneo Municipal : known for its
best education for boys in Manila
The school was managed by
Jesuit priests
Ateneo Municipal
2 groups: to foster rivalry
A. Roman Empire
B. Carthaginian Empire
Rizal studied at:
1. Ateneo : 1872 – 1877, earning
Bachiller en Artes
2. UST : 1877 – 1882, finishing
Medicine
Rizal in Europe: 1882 - 1887
On May 3, 1882 Rizal left the
Philippines for Spain
1. Barcelona
2. Madrid
3. Paris
4. Germany
In Europe, Rizal studied and obtained
degrees in:
1. Philosophy and Letters
2. Medicine ( Ophthalmology )
3. Doctorate in Medicine ( did not obtain
the degree due to failure to pay tuition )
4. Italian, Greek, Latin, German
In Europe he met:
1. Fredrich Ratzel – German scholar
and historian
2. Feodor Jagor and Hans Virchow –
Anthropologists who were studying
Philippine culture
In Europe:
Started writing Noli Me Tangere in
Madrid ( 1884 )
Finished Noli in 1887
Maximo Viola funded the printing
of Noli
August 8, 1887 : Rizal returned

home to Calamba where he
practiced medicine
In Europe he:
Became active contributor to La Solidaridad
Annotated Antonio De Morga’s Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas
Wrote “ Sobre la indolencia de los Filipinos “
Wrote “ Fiipinos Dentro De Cien Anos “
Completed El Filibusterismo in 1891
Rizal’s second trip to Europe : left
Philippines in February 16, 1888
Became active with the Propaganda
Movement ( ilustrados M. H. Del Pilar,
G. Lopez Jaena, A. Luna, M. Ponce, T.
Pardo De Tavera )
In 1892 Rizal returned again to the
Philippines
Established La Liga Filipina
July 6, 1892 – arrested and brought to
Fort Santiago
July 17, 1892 – deported to Dapitan
Exile in Dapitan: 1892 - 1896
Practiced medicine
Pursued scientific studies
Pursued sculpture, painting,
sketching, writing poetry
Established school for boys
Studied Malayan language and other
Philippine languages
Engaged in farming and commerce,
invented wooden machine to make
bricks
Built an irrigation system
Won lottery – 6,200 pesos
Built a house
Made a map for Mindanao
Put lampposts to all the town’s corner
Married Josephine Bracken
Requested for a medical mission to
Cuba
TRIAL AND EXECUTION
November 3, 1896 – shipped back to
Manila by Governor Gen. Despujol
November 20, 1896 – his litigation started
December 26, 1896 –sentenced to death
December 28, 1896 – Gov. Gen Polavieja
signed the court’s decision
December 30, 1896 – he was executed
“ MI ULTIMO ADIOS “

The Life of Jose Rizal

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The Life of Jose Rizal

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THE LIFE OF JOSE RIZAL

Jose Rizal lived in the nineteenth

Due to his poor health , Rizal

August 8, 1887 : Rizal returned

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