for pomiasion of DIN Dauscas iat fr Normunge.¥., Ben ries ule be conse as the ahora ext eproduced without 6 stare of daub, the Germar-language cl (6 No part of tis standard ma UDC 666.972 :691.32:620.1 Prafvertahren fOr Beton; Frischbeton (80), the Normenausschu6 Bauwesen (I Pee 4. Scope and field of application ....-.... 2... 1 2 Sampling .... 02-0... 205+ 1 2.1. Suitability testin eeeseste! 1 2.2 Quality testing and testing of hardened concrete « wees clateadie bad 2.3 Quantity of sample material .. . na 3 Testing 7 oe 3.1 Concrete temperature ss... sss 4 Scope and field of application This standard specities methods of testing the con- sistence, density, water content and air content of freshly mixed concrete as defined in subciause 2.1 of DIN 1045, July 1988 edition, and In DIN 4292. ‘The assessment of test results and the requirements to tbe met by concrete are covered in DIN 1045. 2 Sampling 24 Suitability testing") For suitability testing, the specimens shall be prepared from separately mixed concrete. ‘The concrete shall be mixed from the materials in tended for use In the actual structure. Their origin land the conerete composition shall be recorded. ‘Once all the constituent materials have been added, the concrete shall be thoroughly mixed In a DIN 459 mixer. “The type of mixer used, mixing time, ambient temper ture and concrete temperature shall be recorded. Sam- pling shail allow for the consistence measurements to be made at the intervals specified in DIN 1045. At all stages of sampling, the fresh concrete shall be pro- tected against the loss of water. ‘The concrete shall be remixed Immediately before making specimens for the particular test, which Is to be carried out close to the mixing site. 5) Gh. subclause 7.4 of DIN 1045 for definitions. 683 DEUTSCHE NORM. Testing concrete Testing of fresh concrete In keeping with eurrent practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization ‘comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. ‘This standard has beon prepared by Section Vil Beton und Stahibetonbau/Deutscher Ausschu6 fOr Stahibeton of Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). Dimensions in mm Contents. ‘Bouin Vorag GmbH, Balin, Ras the exclusive right of sete for Gorman Stander June 1991 This standard, together with DIN 1048 Part 5, June 1991 edition, supersedes DIN 1048 Part 1, December 1878 edition. 3.2 Consistence ...... + 3.2.1 Flow table test... . 3.22 Compaction test . . 39 Density ...---000e+ e+ 3.4 Conerate composition ..... +. 38 Alrcontont ... 1... 2-055 4 Test report . Standards and other documents referred to - 2.2 Quality testing and concrete’) For quality testing and testing of hardened concrete, specimens shail normally be taken on site fram the con- crete intonded to be used for a particular structural member, testing being performed close to the sam- pling site as soon as possible after sampling. When sampling from mixing trucks, samples shall be taken from the stream of material during discharge. If the fresh concrete sample has to be transported, it ‘shall be protected against its losing or gaining water, and against the effect of frost, heat, etc. To this effect, the sample shall be transported in a sealed container, made of non-absorbent material, which shall be dampened before filling with concrete. ‘The concrete shall be thoroughly remixed immediately before specimen preparation. ting of hardened 23° Quantity of sample material The quantity of sample material taken for each test shall be at least equal to 1,5 times the quantity of con- crete required, but not less than 20 litres. 3 Testing + ‘The apparatus to be used for testing shall be checked at suitable intervals for compliance with the requirements '$ specified in the relevant,subclauses and, where jcessary, calibrated. 7 Continued on pages 2 to 5 ‘DIN 1048 Part Engi Price group & ‘alos No. 0108Page 2 DIN 1048 Part 1 34 Conerete temperature The fresh concrete temperature at a depth of not less than 5 cm shall be measured, to the nearest 1°C, using a thermometer with a scale-intervals of 1°C or less, ap- proximately 30 seconds after Inserting the thermom- eter. 32. Consistence ‘The consistence of fresh concrete shall be determined either by the flow table test (cf, subclause 3.2.1) or by the compaction test (cf. subclause 3.2.2), the method Figure 1. Flow table, with mould and tamper being selected as a function of the consistence range as specitied in DIN 1045 (ct. table 1). ‘The same method shall be used for suitability and quat- ity testing. For consistence ranges KP and KR, elther the slump test as specified in !S0 4109 or, for consistence ranges KS and KP, the Vébé tost as specified in ISO 4110 may be used to determine consistence, this being subject to agreement. Table 1. Test,methad to be used as a function of, consistence range [Maximum] Consistence range Test | particle method sizeof | KS KP KR KF Jaggregate|(stitf)|(plastic)| (soft) |flowing)| Flow table test 32%) a + + + ‘Gompaction| test sy [+] + lw] - + sullable; (+) sultable under certain conditions; ~ not suitable. 1) See DA/Stb-Hett (OAIStD Brochure) 329 for con- crete with aggregate of larger maximum size. 2) Applicable only to concrete with crushed aggre-_ gate. For general tolerances, accuracy grade sg as specified In DIN 7168 shall apply. Spacing blocks ooe2 | 70022 Figure 2. Flow table Detail X Packing plates fs TN 35 | 30 |20] [2 8 HingeAs the consistence of fresh concrete Is a function of time, the elapsed time, in minutes, from the addition of water during mixing to the beginning of the consist- ence test, shall be indicated (subscript to symbol; cf. subclauses 3.2.1.2 and 3.2.2.2). 3.24 Flow table test 3.24.1 Apparatus (1) Flow table with a plan area of (700 + 2)mm x (700 + 2) mm, consisting of a flat plate hinged to a rigid base frame. The plate (table top) shall be constructed from a 20 mm thick plywood board, bonded with water-resistant adhesive, to which a 2mm thick hot- dip galvanized steel plate is screwed. A handle shall be fixed centrally to the front of the table top, permit- ting this to be raised smoothly and to fall freely. The total mass of the table top shall be 16kg. The base frame shall be constructed from 35mm x 80 mm impregnated hardwood strips jointed by dowels tr by tongue and groove. The frame shall be supported by three rigid PVC foot pieces, each 80 mm x 0 mm x 15 mm in size. One foot piece shall be mounted cen- trally on the hinged side and the others at the opposite corners of the frame. Four rigid PVC spacing blocks, measuring 80 mm x 80 mm x 15 mm each, shall be screwed to the front edges of the flow table, as shown in figure 2, two being fixed to the front corners of the table top and the other two to those of the base frame. ‘Table top and base frame shall be connected by two stainless steel hinges mounted in such a way that ‘opposing spacing blocks are in full contact when the flow table Is closed. Two toe piates spaced approxi- mately 500mm apart shall be fitted to the front of the frame so that their underside Is flush with the bottom. face of the foot pieces. An upper stop shall be provided on the frame, next to the handle, so that the lower front edge of the table top can only be raised (40 + 0,5)mm. ‘The centre of the table shall be scribed with a cross, the lines of which run parallel to and out to the edges of the plate, and with a central circle of (200 1)mm diameter. (2) Mould to receive the specimen material, made of sheet metal not thinner than 7,6 mm. Its interior shall be smooth and free from projections. The mould shall be In the form of a hollow frustum of a cone having the following internal dimensions: diameter of base: (200 + 2) m diameter of top: (190 + 2) mm; hhelght: (200 + 2) mm. ‘The base and top shall be open and parallel to each other and at right angles to the axis of the cone. The ‘mould shall be provided with two metal foot pieces at the bottom and two handles above them (see fig- ure 1), itis recommended that a collar be fitted in the mould. (3) Wooden tamper with a cross-sectional area of approximately 1500 mm? and about 650 mm in length. (4) Scoop with a capacity of approximately 0,61. (8) Rule, graduated In om, or DIN 862 vernier calliper. 3.2.12 Procedure Place the flow table on a tlat, horizontal and solid Sur- face, taking care to ensure that the table top can be raised to the correct limit of Its travel and, when low- rod, that the surfaces of the spacing biocks come io {ull contact with each other (|e. these must be clean and free from foreign matter). The table top and, the internal surface of the mould shall be clean and DIN 1048 Part 1 Page 3 damp but free from supertivous moisture before the test is commenced. Place the mould centrally on the tabie top and hold it in position by standing on the two foot pieces. Carefully fill the mould to half its depth with fresh concrete, allowing the concrete to slide off the scoop from different positions around the mould. Use a tamper to level off the concrete without compact- ing It. Filling shall be continued until the level of mate rial is above the edge of the mould. Strike off the excess concrete flush with the upper edge of the mould without compacting it. Clean the free area of the table top whilst holding the ‘mould firmly in position. Then slowly raise the mould vertically by the handles and set it aside. Within 15 sec- ‘onds following the removal of the mould, take up posi- tion on the toe plates and then raise and drop the table 45 times, raising it smoothly so that there is no shack when it reaches the upper stop and then allowing It to fail by quickly releasing the upper handle. Alterna- tively, @ suitable, smoothly operating mechanical device may be used to raise and release the table top. The entire operation from removal of the mould to the last drop shall be completed within 90 seconds. Criterion for assessment of the concrete behaviour is the spread of concrete across the table top during the test Using a vernier caltiper, measure, to an accuracy of 5mm, the total diameter of the concrete spread in two directions, parallel to the table edges. The mean from these two values, given to the nearest 10mm, repre- sents the flow, a, a8 a measure of the consistence. Example: ‘ay = 450mm means that the flow established ten minutes after the addition of water is 450mm, Ii the test does not produce a coherent concrete spread (which is indicated by a marked bleeding of water from the concrete, or segregation of grout or coarse agare- gate at the perimeter of the specimen), or if the two Values obtained deviate by more than 59 mm, the test shall be repeated using a similar concrete specimen. I, in two consecutive tests, the concrete spread is not coherent, or the diameters measured deviate by more than 50mm, the flow table test shall be deemed inva- {id, in which case ‘disintegrated’ shall be given in the test report. 3.2.2 Compaction test 3.2.2.1 Apparatus (1) Container made of sheet metal of 2,5 mm thickness, ‘or more, with base dimensions of (200 + 2) mm x (200 + 2) mm and a height of (400 + 2) mm (ct. figure 3). The container shall be open at the top, the bottom being perforated to facilitate emptying. During the test, the bottom of the container shall be covered with a plastic film of not more than 1 mm thickness so as, to avoid any loss of water or mortar fines, (2)_ DIN 6440 (1ype 8) trowel, 180 mm long, 85 mm wide at the front and 125 mm at the back. (8) Compacting apparatus (e.g. vibrating table). 3.22.2 Procedure Ensure that the internal surface of the container Is clean and damp or lightly oiled and place it on a rigid surface, free from vibration and shock. introduce fresh concrete into the container, until itis heaped above its upper edge, by tilting the trowel sideways from all four, upper edges of the container in turn. Strike off the ex: cess material by means of a steel rule, so as to avoid any compacting effect. Compact the concrete in thePage 4 DIN 1048 Part 1 Figure 3. Container for slump test container, preferably using a vibrating table, until it does not settle any further. Ensure that no concrete Is lost by spouting or leakage during this process (e.g. by covering the container with a steel plate not more than 10 mm thick). If the surface of the concrete formed ‘on compaction is convex, it shall be ievelled by tamping before determining the compactibility. ‘The consistence, expressed in terms of compactibility (compaction index), v, Is to be calculated as the ratio fof height of the container (400) to height of the com- pacted specimen, h, ‘v= 400/h = 400/400 — 5) where s is the mean distance, in mm, from four meas- urements taken at the centre of each side of the con- lalner, between the top surface of the compacted specimen and the upper edge of the container (ct. fig- ure 3). The index Is to be reported to the nearest 0,01. Example: ‘uss =1,28 means that the compaction Index (as ‘a measure of consistence) established 45 min- utes after the addition of water is 1,26. 3.3 Density The density of fresh concrete shall be determined elther with the concrete in the container described in subclause 3.5.1 or in the course of specimen prepara- tion as specified in DIN 1048 Part 5, Immediately after levelling off the surface of the compacted concrete. in ‘cases of dispute, the formar procedure shall be given preference. Where concrete Is compacted by vibration or tamping, a collar may be placed on the mould. It shall be filled with concrete to give an excess of about 20 to 30 mm above the edge of the mould after compaction. The ex- cass material shall be struck of. The density is given by en =m/¥ where m is the mass of the compacted concrete in the ‘mould, In kg, obtained by welghing the mould and its contents and subtracting the mass .of the empty mould, and Is the volume of the mould, in m?. The density, gp, shall be given to the nearest 10 kg/m?, 3.4 Concrete composition 3.4.1 General ‘The concrete composition may be determined as specl- fied in DIN 52 171 (at present at stage of draft). ‘The water/cement ratio of fresh concrete can only be determined if this contains no additions and if the pro- portion of particies passing a 0,25 mm test sieve can be determined for an aggregate sample in accordance with DIN 4226 Part 2. ‘The water content of concrete gives an indication of the uniformity of its composition. 3.4.2 Water content The water content of fresh concrete should be deter- mined not later than one hour after mixing. Weigh not less than 500g of concrete, to the nearest gramme, into a drying jar (mass mya;) and dry the Specimen, under constant stirring, until ne further lumps can be seen and vapour is ho longer emitted, this being checked by holding a glass plate above the Jar. Heat shall be applied to the jar over an as large area as possible so that the specimen dries within 20 minutes. Allow the specimen to cool, and weigh it {mass myq,). Subtract my; from myys to establish the total water content of the specime: Repeat the test. Ifthe result obtained differs from that of the first test by more than 20g, the test shall be carried ‘out a third time, Assessment shall be based on the mean value of the results obtained from the two (or three) tests, taking the moisture content of the aggre- gate Into consideration. if this is unknown, it, may be determined in accordance with subclause 6.5 of DIN 82 171. 4.5 Alr content 3.5.1 Apparatus Flanged cylindrical container having a nominal capac- ity of BL and a ratio of diameter to height of approxi- mately 1.2. The outer rim and upper surface of the flange and the interior surtace of the container shall be machined to a smooth finish. Cover assembly consisting of a rigid flanged cover, with a standplpe fitted with a pressure relief valve and a pressure gauge. The outer rim and lower sur- face of the flange as well as the sloping interior face of the cover shall be machined to a smooth finish. The cover shall have.a means for being clamped to the container to provide for pressure-tight fit without ‘entrapping air at the flanged joint between cover and container. The pressure gauge shall be calibrated to in- dicate air contents up to 6 % to an accuracy of 0,1 % and higher air contents, to an accuracy of 0,5 %. The method is applicable to fresh concrete made with heavy aggregate. The air content of concrete made with lightweight aggregates shall be determined by the volumetric method specified in ASTM C 173-78. 35.2 Procedure Following determination of density of the compacted concrete in accordance with subclause 3.3 (compac- tion being effected with a collar placed on the mould), place the cover assembly on the container, the rim of which has been cleaned, and close the apparatus. Fill the space between specimen and cover assembly with water, and bring the pressure in the apparatus to the specified value. Open the bleed vaive to equalize the pressure between the ambient alr and the contain- er, which will cause a pressure drop in the apparatus, and record the pressure gauge reading as a percen- tage, to the nearest 0,1 %. Where the air content of fresh concrete exceeds 6 %, read to an accuracy of 05%.4 Test report DIN 1048 Part 1 Page 5 9) place of testing; ‘The test roport shall include the following information: hk) conditions of storage until testing; 8) name of supplier of concrete; |) type of mould used to determine the density; b) construction site; i) any use of a collar; ©) sucural member for which concrete a5) Geaied conrete properties: @) grade of concrete: 1) test results: individual and mean values; } date and time of mixing, sampling and testin tm) any occurrences that might have atfected the test 1) place and method of sampling; results. Standards and other documents referred to DIN 459 Concrete mixers; concepts, sizes and requirements DIN 862 Vernier callipers; requirements and testing DIN 1045 Structural use of concrete; design and construction DIN 1048 Part 5 DIN 4226 Part 3 ‘Testing concrete; testing of hardened concrete (specimens prepared in mould) Aggregates for concrete; testing of heavy and lightweight aggregates DIN 4232 No fines lightweight concrete walls; design and construction DIN 6440 Plasterer’s floats DIN 7188 General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and geometrical tolerances (not to be used for new designs) DIN 7954 Rotled hinges DIN 62 171 (at present at stage of draft) Determination of the composition of fresh concrete ISO 4109:1991 Fresh concrete; determination of the consistency; slump test ISO 4110:1991 Fresh concrete; determination of the consistency; Vébé test ASTM G 173-78 Standard test method for alr content of freshly mixed concrete by the volumetric method) DAIStb-Hett 329 Sachstandsbericht ‘Massenbeton’ (Solid Concrete Report), issued by Deutscher Beton-Verein eV. (1982), published by Beuth Verlag GmbH, BurggrafenstraBe 6, D-1000 Berlin 30. Previous editions DIN 1048: 09.25, 04.92, 10.37, 43x; DIN 1048 Part : 01.75; DIN 1048 Part 1: 01.72, 12.78. Amendments ‘The following amendments have been made to the December 1978 edition. a) Specifications for the testing of hardened concrete are now covered In DIN 1048 Part 5. b) The symbols used in DIN 1045, July 1988 edition, to designate consistence ranges of fresh concrete have been adopted. ©) The standard has been revised in form and content to bring it into line with developments in testing technology. International Patent Classification E04 G 2102 E04 G2va4 G01 N 33/38 1) Obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH (Ausiandsnormenvermittiung), BurgaratenstraSe 6, D-1000 Berlin 30.